Picturing Processions: The Intersection of Art and Ritual in Seventeenth-century Dutch Visual Culture

This study examines representations of religious and secular processions produced in the seventeenth-century Northern Netherlands. Scholars have long regarded representations of early modern processions as valuable sources of knowledge about the rich traditions of European festival culture and urban ceremony. While the literature on this topic is immense, images of processions produced in the seventeenth-century Northern Netherlands have received comparatively limited scholarly analysis. One of the reasons for this gap in the literature has to do with the prevailing perception that Dutch processions, particularly those of a religious nature, ceased to be meaningful following the adoption of Calvinism and the rise of secular authorities. This dissertation seeks to revise this misconception through a series of case studies that collectively represent the diverse and varied roles performed by processional images and the broad range of contexts in which they appeared. Chapter 1 examines Adriaen van Nieulandt’s large-scale painting of a leper procession, which initially had limited viewership in a board room of the Amsterdam Leprozenhuis, but ultimately reached a wide audience through the international dissemination of reproductions in multiple histories of the city. I argue that the painting memorialized a storied, yet defunct ritual and, in doing so, inscribed the values of community, civic charity and tolerance within Amsterdam’s cultural memory. Chapter 2 investigates Caspar Barlaeus’s Medicea hospes, a lavishly illustrated book produced to honor the 1638 visit to Amsterdam of Marie de’ Médici, Queen Regent of France. Intended for an elite European audience, the text featured a series of etched and engraved images depicting the Queen’s ritual procession through the city as well as the tableaux vivants and water spectacles staged in her honor. I suggest that Barlaeus and the Amsterdam city council capitalized on Marie’s ritual entry and its subsequent representation in the Medicea hospes as opportunities to aggrandize and disseminate the city’s reputation at home and abroad. Chapter 3 considers paintings and prints of religious processions designed for an open, middle-class market. Often intimate in scale, these images demonstrate an ongoing interest in and demand for depictions of processional subjects, which civic and ecclesiastical bodies routinely subjected to legislation. I focus on scenes of parades held on Twelfth Night and Shrovetide, the two processional rituals most often depicted by Dutch artists, and argue that viewers desired such images for their pictorialization of communal identity and the concomitant cultural values they espoused. Chapter 4 examines Hendrick van der Burch’s unusual painting of the graduation procession of a doctoral candidate at Leiden University. The subject of such an institutional rite of passage, I suggest, would have appealed to residents of the surrounding university neighborhood as a familiar, seasonal marker of celebration and as a symbolic representation of the intersection between academic ritual and the local community. Collectively, the four chapters assert the changing roles, yet continued relevance of Dutch processional images within an increasingly secular, urban and culturally pluriform society

MUSIC, TRANCE, AND TRANSMISSION IN THE SANTO DAIME, A BRAZILIAN AYAHUASCA RELIGION.

This thesis illuminates the core values within Santo Daime communities and how these are transmitted and practiced during rituals. Santo Daime, a Brazilian Ayahuasca Religion originating in the western Amazon state of Acre, is practiced both inside and outside its urban Amazonian roots, including most Brazilian states and smaller communities in a handful of Western countries, such as the United States, Mexico, and the Netherlands. Adepts of the Santo Daime combine the sacramental use of Ayahuasca (a psychotropic tea with a long history of use in the Amazonian basin), collective shamanism, and music performance practices (singing, dancing, and playing instruments) to achieve a state of religious ecstasy. Using a multi-disciplinary approach with emphasis on ethnography, an expansion of Judith Becker's categorization of trance, and musical and phonological analysis I argue that the doctrine of the Santo Daime and the transmission of these teachings through music are inseparable elements of producing and navigating the altered states of consciousness collectively experienced in Santo Daime rituals

Life After Death in Lake Erie: Nutrient Controls Drive Fish Species Richness, Rehabilitation

We explored the recent (1969–1996) dynamics of fish communities within Lake Erie, a system formerly degraded by eutrophication and now undergoing oligotrophication owing to phosphorus abatement programs. By merging bottom trawl data from two lake basins of contrasting productivity with life-history information (i.e., tolerances to environmental degradation, diet and temperature preferences), we examined (1) the relationship between system productivity and species richness, (2) whether fish communities are resilient to eutrophication, and (3) whether oligotrophication necessarily leads to reduced sport and commercial fish production. Reduced phosphorus loading has led to fish community rehabilitation. In the productive west basin, six species tolerant of eutrophy (i.e., anoxia, turbidity) declined in abundance, whereas the abundance of three intolerant species increased through time. In the less productive central basin, although only one tolerant species declined, four species intolerant of eutrophic conditions recovered with oligotrophication. These differential responses appear to derive from dissimilar mechanisms by which reduced productivity alters habitat and resource availability for fishes. Specifically, enhanced bottom oxygen, combined with reduced biogenic turbidity and sedimentation, likely drove the loss of tolerant species in the west basin by reducing detrital mass or the ability of these species to compete with intolerant species under conditions of improved water clarity. In contrast, reduced bottom anoxia, which enhanced availability of cool- and cold-water habitat and benthic macroinvertebrate communities, appears important to the recovery of intolerant species in the central basin. Ultimately, these productivity-induced shifts caused species richness to decline in Lake Erie’s west basin and to increase in its central basin. Beyond confirming that unimodal models of productivity and species diversity can describe fish community change in a recovering system, our results provide optimism in an otherwise dismal state of affairs in fisheries management (e.g., overexploitation), given that many recovering intolerant species are desired sport or commercial fishes.Support for this work was provided by (1) Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration F-69-P (to R. A. Stein), administered jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and ODNR-ODW, (2) the Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology at The Ohio State University, and (3) a Presidential Fellowship awarded to S. A. Ludsin by The Ohio State University

Long-term trends in aquatic ecosystem bioassessment metrics are not influenced by sampling method: empirical evidence from the Niobrara River

Choosing an aquatic invertebrate sampling method for biomonitoring depends upon study goals, resources, and ecosystem conditions. In this study, we compared two methods that are widely used in stream ecology, but have not been directly compared: Hester–Dendy (HD) and Hess sampling. Hester–Dendy sampling uses artificial substrate that invertebrates colonize over a specific period of time. In contrast, Hess samplers surround a fixed area of natural substrate with a net. To compare approaches, we combined 5 years of simultaneous HD and Hess data collection (2010–2014) from the Niobrara River with a 14-year (1996–2009) historical HD data set for the same study sites. We used this full 19-year data set to assess how ecosystem health has changed in the Niobrara River over time, while also testing the influence of HD versus Hess data (2010–2014) on historical trends (1996–2009). Our results showed that HD samples are more taxonomically variable and bias bioassessment metrics because they collect more sensitive taxa versus Hess sampling. However, when combined with the 1996–2009 HD data set, both recent HD and Hess data sets recovered the same trend of declining ecosystem health in the Niobrara River. These results provide empirical evidence that even when historical HD data are combined with recent Hess data, long-term bioassessment trends remain unchanged despite more accurate perspectives of invertebrate assemblages being collected

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Interventional Endoscopy in Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease according to the Timing of Endoscopy

Background/Aims: The optimal timing for interventional endoscopy in bleeding peptic ulcer disease is controversial. This study compared the outcomes between early endoscopy and delayed endoscopy in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer disease. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of data from 90 patients with bleeding peptic ulcer disease who visited the emergency room between May 2006 and September 2007. Patients were categorized into two groups: the early-endoscopy group (admitted during the daytime or at night with prompt endoscopic management) and the delayed-endoscopy group (admitted at night or during weekends, with endoscopic management delayed until the next day). We compared the clinical outcomes of endoscopy between the two groups. Results: There were 49 patients in the early-endoscopy group and 41 patients in the delayed-endoscopy group. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, bleeding control modality, and Rockall score did not differ between the two groups. There were also no significant differences between the early- and delayed-encloscopy groups 'in the re-bleeding rate (3/49 vs 5/41, p=0.313), the duration of hospital stay (10.7 vs 9.3 days, p=0.437), and the total amount of blood transfused (3.4 vs 2.7 units, p=0.240). Conclusions: The effectiveness of interventional endoscopy for patients with bleeding peptic ulcer disease is not significantly affected by the timing of endoscopy. (Gut and Liver 2009;3:266-270)This work was supported by the research fund of Hanyang University Industrial Digital Park (200700000005845)

Environmental justice and Chinese dam-building in the global South

Chinese investments in large hydropower dams have rapidly increased all over the world in the last 20 years. Some of these projects have been contested both from a technological and political point of view due to the ways in which decisions have been made, as well as in relation to the resulting social-ecological change and ecological distributional aspects. From an Environmental Justice perspective, this paper analyses the main drivers and contested aspects of Chinese hydropower investments in the global South. The paper builds on Chinese projects located in different regions of the world, by combining information from the literature and the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice – EJAtlas dataset. Based on the analysis of Chinese hydropower projects and environmental justice concerns, this paper sheds light on the current literature on drivers and multidimensional conflictive outcomes of these large hydropower dam investments

The Evolution of Functionalism and the Bauhaus (1919-1928)

(Statement of Responsibility) by Hilary Blocksom(Thesis) Thesis (B.A.) -- New College of Florida, 1968RESTRICTED TO NCF STUDENTS, STAFF, FACULTY, AND ON-CAMPUS USE(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.This bibliographic record is available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. The New College of Florida, as creator of this bibliographic record, has waived all rights to it worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law.Faculty Sponsor: Hassold, Cri

Experimentation and design for a computer to computer fiber optic data link.

This project is a survey of current state-of-the-art techniques and describes the desiqn and demonstration of a low speed fiber optics link, between a microcomputer and remote peripheral device {ASR-33 teletype) . In addition, preliminary design is included for a high speed multiplexed fiber optic link.http://archive.org/details/experimentationd00blocLieutenant Commander, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited