Desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo y alerta hidrometeorológico en la Región Pampeana

En la actualidad es necesario realizar simulaciones hidrológicas que permitan analizar el comportamiento del sistema durante periodos de excesos hídricos. En las últimas dos décadas la Región Pampeana ha experimentado una relevante expansión e intensificación de áreas cultivadas (Barral y Maceira, 2012) donde pasturas nativas han sido reemplazadas por cultivos agrícolas (Modernel et al., 2016). Este cambio en el uso del suelo, sumada la variabilidad climática en la región, ha incrementado las zonas anegables en un sistema hidrológico que se caracteriza por su baja capacidad hidráulica donde el agua precipitada antes de infiltrarse se traslada en forma mantiforme cubriendo grandes extensiones de terreno, movilizada por la suave pendiente local (Fuschini Mejía, 1994).A pesar de la importancia económica de la Región Pampeana, todavía no se cuentan con herramientas hidrológicas que permitan analizar los periodos de excesos hídricos que afectan la producción agrícola-ganadera, impactado en la biodiversidad del sistema, y generando grandes pérdidas económicas y de vidas (Modernel et al., 2016). En este trabajo se plantea una metodología que tiene como fin desarrollar aplicaciones científicas usando sensoramiento remoto que permitan el monitoreo y pronóstico de condiciones hidrológicas de excesos hídricos

Counselling toward reducing alcohol use, knowledge about its morbidity and personal consumption among students of medical and dental courses in north-western Spain

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is directly linked to high-risk consumption. Healthcare students have a crucial role to play in its prevention and management. The aim of this study is to analyse alcohol consumption, as well as to consider the knowledge and attitudes regarding morbidity, and the stage of change when providing assistance to quit AUD. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Dentistry and Medical students using specific and validated questionnaires in an anonymous and voluntary way. Initially, 925 students were invited to participate, of them 500 were reached. Among them 85.9% suffered from AUD of whom 75% were women (p<0.001), and it was considered that the female gender constituted an independent risk factor (OR=2.63, CI 95% 1.55-4.45, p<0.001). The majority of the participants did not achieve the pass mark, nonetheless, the results showed improved levels of knowledge among participants in the latter years of their studies (p<0.001). Dental students demonstrated greater shortcomings in terms of their knowledge of general pathology, whereas the medical students? knowledge of oral pathologies proved worse (p<0.001). Most of students believed that identifying cases of AUD-affected patients falls within their competence, nonetheless, they believed that they do not have the necessary competencies. Among participants 58.2% were in a stage of change regarding AUD attitudes. The majority of respondents presented AUD. In general, the participants? knowledge about alcohol was low. Reviewing the syllabuses and evaluating the implementation of gender-differentiated training programmes in both degrees would be considered necessary

Modelo bidimensional de inundación urbana de la ciudad de Azul (Argentina) con herramientas de uso libre

En la actualidad, la simulación de inundaciones con modelos matemáticos para las ecuaciones de Saint Venant (o de aguas poco profundas) tanto en 1D como en 2D cuenta con un gran número de códigos para su ejecución, pero no son tantos los códigos robustos y de uso libre. Se ha empleado uno de ellos: el software IBER y se ha validado el modelo mediante la reproducción de la inundación de mayo de 2012 en la ciudad de Azul (Argentina). Se describen los procedimientos empleados para la construcción del MDT en el cauce y el valle de inundación en el entorno urbano; la obtención del mallado eficiente en el dominio; la ejecución del IBER con las distintas configuraciones y parámetros; la inclusión de puentes, los tiempos de ejecución, etc. Se ha puesto a punto la metodología de trabajo, se han detectado las principales precauciones a tomar para abordar con éxito este tipo de estudios y se ha verificado la aplicabilidad del software en zonas llanas. Los valores preliminares de calados y velocidades del flujo obtenidos para la ciudad de Azul, son datos útiles para la gestión del riesgo de inundación.Currently, the simulation of floods with mathematical models for the Saint Venant equations (or shallow water) in both 1D and 2D has a large number of codes for its execution, but there are not so many robust and free use codes available. IBER free-use software has been used and the model has been validated by reproducing the flood extent of May 2012 in the city of Azul (Argentina). The procedures used for the construction of the DTM in the channel and the flood plain including an urban environment are described; an efficient meshing for the representative domain; the execution of the IBER with different configurations and parameters; the inclusion of bridges, execution times, etc. The work methodology has been prepared, the main precautions to be taken to successfully address this type of studies have been detected and the applicability of the software in flat areas has been verified. The simulated values of depth and flow velocities obtained for the city of Azul are useful data for flood risk management

Psychotropic drugs prescription to elderly people in the National Institute of Social services for Retirees and Pensioners of Argentina (PAMI)

Objetivo: Analizar el patrón de prescripción de psicofármacos a los afiliados mayores de 60 años del Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados de Argentina (PAMI). Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de la base de datos del Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados de Argentina (PAMI) sobre la población de 60 años y más a los que se les prescribió al menos un psicofármaco durante el año 2016. Resultados: Durante el año 2016, un 30% de la población mayor de 60 años recibió la indicación de al menos un psicofármaco. Hubo una mayor prescripción de psicofármacos a las mujeres que a los hombres (75,3% vs. 24,7%). De los fármacos prescriptos, el 67% fueron benzodiacepinas, el 20% fueron antidepresivos, el 9% antipsicóticos y el 4% hipnóticos no benzodiacepínicos. El 54% de los psicofármacos prescriptos fueron clonazepam y alprazolam. Un 21% de la población recibió tres o más indicaciones durante el período estudiado. Hubo una prescripción relativamente mayor de psicofármacos en la población de 75 años o más. Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta los riesgos de efectos adversos, las interacciones y la inclusión de algunos de estos fármacos entre aquellos que no deben ser prescriptos entre los adultos mayores, resulta alarmante la alta tasa de prescripción de algunos de estos medicamentos. Se hace necesario desarrollar estrategias entre los médicos de cabecera, especialistas y también entre la población general para lograr reducir la prescripción de este grupo de fármacos.Objective: To analyze the prescribing pattern of psychotropic drugs to affiliates over 60 years of age at the National Institute of Social Services for Retirees and Pensioners of Argentina (PAMI). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of the at the National Institute of Social Services for Retirees and Pensioners of Argentina (PAMI) database on the population over 60 years of age who received at least one psychotropic drug during 2016. Results: During the year 2016, 30% of the population over 60 years of age received the prescription of at least one psychotropic drug. There was a greater prescription of psychotropic drugs to women than to men (75.3% vs. 24.7%). Of the drugs prescribed, 67% were benzodiazepines, 20% were antidepressants, 9% were antipsychotics and 4% were non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. 54% of the drugs prescribed were clonazepam and alprazolam. 21% of the population received three or more prescriptions during the period studied. There was a relatively greater prescription of psychotropic drugs in the population of 75 years old or older. Conclusions: Taking into account the risks of adverse effects, interactions and the inclusion of some of these drugs among those that should not be prescribed among older adults, the high prescription rate of some of these drugs is alarming. It is necessary to develop strategies among general practitioners, specialists and also among the general population in order to reduce the prescription of psychotropic drugs.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Diseño de nuevas prácticas en procesos de conformado por deformación plástica

Memoria ID-0024. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017

Una aproximación innovadora a la enseñanza de la Ingeniería Gráfica basada en las aplicaciones CAD/CAM/CAE a sistemas mecánicos

Memoria ID-0148. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

Diseño de prácticas virtuales como complemento formativo en fabricación mecánica

Memoria ID-0239. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Diseño de nuevas metodologías docentes en el laboratorio de la asignatura de “Vibraciones Mecánicas"

Memoria ID12-0045. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2012-2013

Intermediate Molecular Phenotypes to Identify Genetic Markers of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Risk.

Cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines (CDA) affects cancer patients, but we cannot predict who may suffer from this complication. CDA is a complex trait with a polygenic component that is mainly unidentified. We propose that levels of intermediate molecular phenotypes (IMPs) in the myocardium associated with histopathological damage could explain CDA susceptibility, so variants of genes encoding these IMPs could identify patients susceptible to this complication. Thus, a genetically heterogeneous cohort of mice (n = 165) generated by backcrossing were treated with doxorubicin and docetaxel. We quantified heart fibrosis using an Ariol slide scanner and intramyocardial levels of IMPs using multiplex bead arrays and QPCR. We identified quantitative trait loci linked to IMPs (ipQTLs) and cdaQTLs via linkage analysis. In three cancer patient cohorts, CDA was quantified using echocardiography or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. CDA behaves as a complex trait in the mouse cohort. IMP levels in the myocardium were associated with CDA. ipQTLs integrated into genetic models with cdaQTLs account for more CDA phenotypic variation than that explained by cda-QTLs alone. Allelic forms of genes encoding IMPs associated with CDA in mice, including AKT1, MAPK14, MAPK8, STAT3, CAS3, and TP53, are genetic determinants of CDA in patients. Two genetic risk scores for pediatric patients (n = 71) and women with breast cancer (n = 420) were generated using machine-learning Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Thus, IMPs associated with heart damage identify genetic markers of CDA risk, thereby allowing more personalized patient management.J.P.L.’s lab is sponsored by Grant PID2020-118527RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011039; Grant PDC2021-121735-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011039 and by the “European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR”, the Regional Government of Castile and León (CSI144P20). J.P.L. and P.L.S. are supported by the Carlos III Health Institute (PIE14/00066). AGN laboratory and human patients’ studies are supported by an ISCIII project grant (PI18/01242). The Human Genotyping unit is a member of CeGen, PRB3, and is supported by grant PT17/0019 of the PE I + D + i 2013–2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDF. SCLl is supported by MINECO/FEDER research grants (RTI2018-094130-B-100). CH was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) BCRP, No. BC190820; and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), No. R01CA184476. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is a multi-program national laboratory operated by the University of California for the DOE under contract DE AC02-05CH11231. The Proteomics Unit belongs to ProteoRed, PRB3-ISCIII, supported by grant PT17/0019/0023 of the PE I + D +i, 2017–2020, funded by ISCIII and FEDER. RCC is funded by fellowships from the Spanish Regional Government of Castile and León. NGS is a recipient of an FPU fellowship (MINECO/FEDER). hiPSC-CM studies were funded in part by the “la Caixa” Banking Foundation under the project code HR18-00304 and a Severo Ochoa CNIC Intramural Project (Exp. 12-2016 IGP) to J.J.S

Defects in memory B-cell and plasma cell subsets expressing different immunoglobulin-subclasses in patients with CVID and immunoglobulin subclass deficiencies

Background: Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most prevalent primary immunodeficiencies, but their B-cell defects and underlying genetic alterations remain largely unknown. Objective: We investigated patients with PADs for the distribution of 41 blood B-cell and plasma cell (PC) subsets, including subsets defined by expression of distinct immunoglobulin heavy chain subclasses. Methods: Blood samples from 139 patients with PADs, 61 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), 68 patients with selective IgA deficiency (IgAdef), 10 patients with IgG subclass deficiency with IgA deficiency, and 223 age matched control subjects were studied by using flow cytometry with EuroFlow immunoglobulin isotype staining. Patients were classified according to their B-cell and PC immune profile, and the obtained patient clusters were correlated with clinical manifestations of PADs. Results: Decreased counts of blood PCs, memory B cells (MB Cs), or both expressing distinct IgA and IgG subclasses were identified in all patients with PADs. In patients with IgAdef, B-cell defects were mainly restricted to surface membrane (sm)IgA(+) PCs and MBCs, with 2 clear subgroups showing strongly decreased numbers of smIgA(+) PCs with mild versus severe smIgA(+) MBC defects and higher frequencies of nonrespiratory tract infections, autoimmunity, and affected family members. Patients with IgG subclass deficiency with IgA deficiency and those with CVID showed defects in both smIgA(+) and smIgG(+) MBCs and PCs. Reduced numbers of switched PCs were systematically found in patients with CVID (absent in 98%), with 6 different defective MBC (and clinical) profiles: (1) profound decrease in MBC numbers; (2) defective CD27(+) MBCs with almost normal IgG(3)(+) MBCs; (3) absence of switched MBCs; and (4) presence of both unswitched and switched MBCs without and; (5) with IgG(2)(+) MBCs; and (6) with IgA(1)(+) MBCs. Conclusion: Distinct PAD defective B-cell patterns were identified that are associated with unique clinical profiles