A broadband radio study of the average profile and giant pulses from PSR B1821-24A

We present the results of wide-band (720-2400 MHz) study of PSR B1821-24A (J1824-2452A, M28A), an energetic millisecond pulsar visible in radio, X-rays and gamma-rays. In radio, the pulsar has a complex average profile which spans >85% of the spin period and exhibits strong evolution with observing frequency. For the first time we measure phase-resolved polarization properties and spectral indices of radio emission throughout almost all of the on-pulse window. We combine this knowledge with the high-energy information to compare M28A to other known gamma-ray millisecond pulsars and to speculate that M28A's radio emission originates in multiple regions within its magnetosphere (i.e. both in the slot or outer gaps near the light cylinder and at lower altitudes above the polar cap). M28A is one of the handful of pulsars which are known to emit Giant Pulses (GPs) -- short, bright radio pulses of unknown nature. We report a drop in the linear polarization of the average profile in both windows of GP generation and also a `W'-shaped absorption feature (resembling a double notch), partly overlapping with one of the GP windows. The GPs themselves have broadband spectra consisting of multiple patches with fractional spectral width ($\Delta\nu/\nu$) of about 0.07. Although our time resolution was not sufficient to resolve the GP structure on the microsecond scale, we argue that GPs from this pulsar most closely resemble the GPs from the main pulse of the Crab pulsar, which consist of a series of narrowband nanoshots.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted to Ap

Interactions between Aquatic Plants and Cyanobacterial Blooms in Freshwater Reservoir Ecosystems

Climate change and nutrient pollution are echoed by worldwide increasing trends in the frequency, duration, and toxicity of cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) blooms. Therefore, searching for the best options to mitigate blooms is relevant and timely. Aquatic vascular plants offer a promising solution through biological control. In this study, we use reservoirs regularly affected by intensive blooms (the Kyiv and Kaniv Reservoirs of the Dnipro River, Ukraine) to investigate whether macrophytes may inhibit or reduce the massive development of cyanobacteria. Special attention was paid to plants with floating leaves and free-floating plants since data on their effects on cyanobacteria are controversial. On the basis of field and satellite observations, the spatial distribution of cyanobacterial blooms and aquatic macrophyte patches was assessed. Multispectral images captured by satellites Sentinel-2a (S2A) and Sentinel-2b (S2B) were used. In addition, based on data from field observations, a comparative analysis of phytoplankton and physical and chemical parameters between areas of the reservoirs overgrown and not overgrown by macrophytes was carried out. The obtained results indicate that in macrophyte patches phytoplankton structure differed from that observed in open waters. However, in areas of reservoirs dominated by floating-leaf plants or free-floating plants, a significant decrease in phytoplanktic or cyanobacterial biomass was not observed. This is most likely due to the fact that these macrophytes did not reduce the concentration of biogenic substances to a level that would limit cyanobacterial growth. On the contrary, intensive overgrowth of floating-leaf plants (in particular, Trapa natans) along the river sections of the reservoirs, as well as other factors, contributed to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Therefore, in the face of relevant nutrient supply, these ecological groups of macrophytes (floating-leaf plants and free-floating plants) have not shown statistically significant effectiveness in controlling the process of cyanobacterial blooms in reservoir ecosystems

ГЕНЕТИЧНІ ПРЕДИКТОРИ БРОНХІАЛЬНОЇ АСТМИ ФІЗИЧНОЇ НАПРУГИ в ДИТЯЧОМУ ВІЦІ.

A complex clinic and spirographic investigation of schoolchildren suffering from exercise-induced bronchial asthma was held depending upon the presence or the absence of genes polymorphism of the enzymes of glutation-S-transferase T1M1 and gene mutation eNOS. The study showed that bronchial asthma physical effort associated with the polymorphism gene glutathione-S-transferase T1 and M1 (GSTT1del/GSTM1del). It is noted that the maximum bronchospasm on physical stress tests occur in children with genotype GSTT1del/GSTM1+, minimum bronhodylation influenced by the inhalation of 200 mcg salbutamol genotype GSTT1+/GSTM1+ and eNOS/GT, which necessitates a relatively active desobstructive therapy during exacerbations, although genotype GSTT1+/GSTM1del associated with the need for the minimum amount of this medication.Проведено комплексное клинико-спирографическое обследование школьников, страдающих бронхиальной астмой физического напряжения, в зависимости от наличия либо отсутствия полиморфизма генов ферментов глутатион S-трансферазы и мутации гена eNOS. Показано, что бронхиальная астма физического напряжения ассоциирует с полиморфизмом генов глутатион-S-трансферазы Т1 и М1 (GSTT1del/GSTM1del). Отмечено, что максимальный бронхоспазм в пробе с физической нагрузкой возникает у детей с генотипом GSTT1del/GSTM1+, минимальная бронходиляция под влиянием ингаляции 200 мкг сальбутамола – при генотипе GSTT1+/GSTM1+ или eNOS/GT, что диктует необходимость относительно активной дезобструктивной терапии во время обострений, хотя генотип GSTT1+/GSTM1del ассоциирует с необходимостью минимального объема этой терапии.Проведено комплексне клінічно-спірографічне обстеження школярів, які хворіють на бронхіальну астму фізичної напруги, залежно від наявності чи відсутності поліморфізму генів ферментів глутатіон-S-трансферази та мутації гена eNOS. Показано, що бронхіальна астма фізичної напруги асоціює з делеціями глутатіон-S-трансферази (GSTT1del/GSTM1del). Виявлено, що максимальний бронхоспазм у пробі з фізичним навантаженням виникає у хворих із генотипом GSTT1del/GSTM1+, мінімальна бронходиляція під впливом інгаляції 200 мкг сальбутамолу – при генотипі GSTT1+/GSTM1+ або eNOS/GT, що зумовлює необхідність відносно активної дезобструктивної терапії під час загострень. Натомість генотип GSTT1+/GSTM1del асоціює з необхідністю мінімального обсягу швидкодопоміжної терапії

Multifrequency Study of Giant Radio Pulses from the Crab Pulsar with the K5 VLBI Recording Terminal

Simultaneous multifrequency observations of the Crab pulsar giant pulses (GPs) were performed with the 64-m Kalyazin radio telescope at four frequencies 0.6, 1.4, 2.2 and 8.3 GHz using the K5 VLBI recording terminal. The K5 terminal provided continuous recording in 16 4-MHz wide frequency channels distributed over 4 frequency bands. Several thousands of GPs were detected during about 6 hours of observations in two successive days in July 2005. Radio spectra of single GPs were analysed at separate frequencies and over whole frequency range. These spectra manifest notable modulation over frequency ranges, $\Delta\nu$, both on large ($\Delta\nu/\nu\approx 0.5$) and small ($\Delta\nu/\nu\approx 0.01$) frequency scales. Cross-correlation analysis of GPs at 2.2 GHz showed that their pulse shapes can be interpreted as an ensemble of unresolved bursts grouped together at time scales of $\approx 1$ mcs being well-correlated over a 60-MHz band. The corresponding GP cross-correlation functions do not obey the predictions of the amplitude-modulated noise model of Rickett (1975), thus indicating that unresolved components represent a small number of elementary emitters.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, submitted to PAS

Efficacy of teaching medical students by problem-based learning method

To determine and analyze the evaluate efficacy of teaching senior students of medical faculties at Universities in terms of avoiding medical errors in pediatrics. Students studied according to problem based learning method while learning the subject “Pediatrics” within the framework of ERASMUS+ ТАМЕ project. Therefore, students were distributed into three groups: students, who learnt pediatrics by branch case method, students, who studied by problem-based learning method and linear cases method in particular and students, who studied by the traditional classical scheme of teaching pediatrics. The compiled questionnaire consisted of questions including: questions the subject of cases, tangent questions, they were not included into cases and control questions. The analysis of questionnaire of students showed that the best result (in percent of right answers) was seen in I group; its representatives studied by branch cases (42,0% Ukrainian and 43,2% Kazakhstan). The lowest percentage of right answers (37,6%) was determined in the control ІІІ group (41,9% in Kazakhstan), and the results of the group with linear cases was 40,6% of right answers (36,5% in Kazakhstan). Thus, problem-based learning considerably stimulates motivation of students to learning and promotes better efficacy of the whole educational process. Students who study according to problem-based learning method as compared to those who study according to the traditional methods demonstrate better results by the number of right answers given to tests

Система медичного постачання Збройних Сил України: фокус на інтеграцію

Aim. To identify the current trends in the development of the system of medical supply of the Armed Forces in accordance with the established single logistics support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, the analysis of foreign and domestic scientific sources and the current legal documents was conducted. During our research the methods of information retrieval, systematization, content analysis, comparison, generalization and modeling were used.Results and discussion. The system of medical supply of the Armed Forces of Ukraine integrates processes of determining needs, procurement, transportation, storage, movement, distribution, disposition and maintenance of medical material, medical appliances and medicines. Medical supply is carried out according to the territorial principle in peacetime and in a special period. At the present, the system of medical supply of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is at a new stage of its evolutionary development – integration into the single logistics support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which is built in accordance with the norms and standards of NATO. Since the concept of integrated logistics, which contributes to a significant reduction in costs in the complete logistics chain, has recently been the dominant management concept both abroad and in our country, we consider it a priority for the development of the national system of medical supply.Conclusions. The article identifies the current trends in the development of the system of medical supply of the Armed Forces in accordance with the established single logistics support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It has been determined that the functioning of the medical supply system of the Armed Forces in the framework of the single logistics support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine should be based on the concept of integrated logistics management. The component model of the medical supply logistics system integrated into the single logistics support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine has been created. It has been determined that logistics information systems used to manage flow processes in medical supply organizations must meet special requirements to the supply of medical material, medical appliances and medicines, must support national interests, and should be compatible with standards and information systems of the Armed Forces of NATO member states.Целью работы является определение актуальных направлений развития системы медицинского снабжения Вооружённых Сил (ВС) Украины в соответствии с созданной единой системой логистического обеспечения ВС Украины.Материалы и методы. Для достижения поставленной цели исследования проведен обзор зарубежных и отечественных научных источников, действующей нормативно-правовой базы. Во время выполнения исследования использованы методы информационного поиска, систематизации, контент-анализа, сравнения, обобщения и моделирования.Результаты и их обсуждение. Система медицинского снабжения ВС Украины объединяет процессы определения потребности, закупки, транспортировки, хранения, учёта, распределения, нормирования, поддержки качественного технического состояния, выдачи и списания медицинского имущества как в мирное время, таки в особый период по территориальному принципу. На сегодня система медицинского снабжения ВС Украины находится на новом этапе своего эволюционного развития – интеграции в единую эффективную систему логистического обеспечения ВС Украины, которая построена в соответствии с нормами и стандартами НАТО. Поскольку концепция интегрированной логистики, способствующая существенному сокращению расходов в полной логистической цепи, в последнее время является доминирующей управленческой концепцией как за рубежом, так и в нашей стране; видим эту концепцию приоритетным направлением развития системы медицинского снабжения ВС Украины.Выводы. Определены актуальные направления развития системы медицинского снабжения в соответствии с созданной единой системой логистического обеспечения ВС Украины. Установлено, что функционирование системы медицинского снабжения ВС Украины в пределах единой системы логистического обеспечения ВС Украины должно базироваться на концепции интегрированного логистического управления. Построена компонентная модель логистической системы медицинского снабжения, которая интегрирована в единую систему логистического обеспечения ВС Украины. Отмечено, что логистические информационные системы, которые используются для управления потоковыми процессами в организации медицинского снабжения ВС Украины, должны соответствовать особым требованиям к поставкам медицинского имущества, поддерживать национальные интересы и быть совместимыми со стандартами и информационными системами вооружённых сил государств-членов НАТО. Метою роботи є визначення актуальних напрямків розвитку системи медичного постачання ЗС України відповідно до створеної єдиної системи логістичного забезпечення ЗС України.Матеріали та методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети дослідження проведено огляд закордонних і вітчизняних наукових джерел та чинної нормативно-правової бази. Під час виконання дослідження використані методи інформаційного пошуку, систематизації, контент-аналізу, порівняння, узагальнення та моделювання.Результати та їх обговорення. Система медичного постачання ЗС України об’єднує процеси визначення потреби, закупівлі, транспортування, зберігання, обліку, розподілу, нормування, підтримки якісного технічного стану, видачі та списання медичного майна як у мирний час, так і в особливий період за територіальним принципом. Станом на сьогодні система медичного постачання ЗС України знаходиться на новому етапі свого еволюційного розвитку – інтеграції в єдину ефективну систему логістичного забезпечення ЗС України, яка побудована відповідно до норм та стандартів НАТО. Оскільки концепція інтегрованої логістики, що сприяє суттєвому скороченню витрат у повному логістичному ланцюгу, останнім часом є домінуючою управлінською концепцією як за кордоном, так і в нашій країні; вбачаємо її пріоритетним напрямком розвитку системи медичного постачання ЗС України.Висновки. Визначені актуальні напрямки розвитку системи медичного постачання відповідно до створеної єдиної системи логістичного забезпечення ЗС України. Встановлено, що функціонування системи медичного постачання ЗС України в межах єдиної системи логістичного забезпечення ЗС України повинно базуватись на концепції інтегрованого логістичного управління. Побудовано компонентну модель логістичної системи медичного постачання, яка інтегрована у єдину систему логістичного забезпечення ЗС України. Відзначено, що логістичні інформаційні системи, які використовуються для управління потоковими процесами в організації медичного постачання ЗС України, повинні відповідати особливим вимогам до постачання медичного майна, підтримувати національні інтереси та бути сумісними зі стандартами та інформаційними системами збройних сил держав-членів НАТО

Effects of Intermittent Emission: Noise Inventory for Scintillating Pulsar B0834+06

We compare signal and noise for observations of the scintillating pulsar B0834+06, using very-long baseline interferometry and a single-dish spectrometer. Comparisons between instruments and with models suggest that amplitude variations of the pulsar strongly affect the amount and distribution of self-noise. We show that noise follows a quadratic polynomial with flux density, in spectral observations. Constant coefficients, indicative of background noise, agree well with expectation; whereas second-order coefficients, indicative of self-noise, are about 3 times values expected for a pulsar with constant on-pulse flux density. We show that variations in flux density during the 10-sec integration account for the discrepancy. In the secondary spectrum, about 97% of spectral power lies within the pulsar's typical scintillation bandwidth and timescale; an extended scintillation arc contains about 3%. For a pulsar with constant on-pulse flux density, noise in the dynamic spectrum will appear as a uniformly-distributed background in the secondary spectrum. We find that this uniform noise background contains 95% of noise in the dynamic spectrum for interferometric observations; but only 35% of noise in the dynamic spectrum for single-dish observations. Receiver and sky dominate noise for our interferometric observations, whereas self-noise dominates for single-dish. We suggest that intermittent emission by the pulsar, on timescales < 300 microseconds, concentrates self-noise near the origin in the secondary spectrum, by correlating noise over the dynamic spectrum. We suggest that intermittency sets fundamental limits on pulsar astrometry or timing. Accounting of noise may provide means for detection of intermittent sources, when effects of propagation are unknown or impractical to invert.Comment: 38 pages, 10 figure

Logistic outsourcing in pharmacy. the theory and practice

Today, the introduction and application of a logistics approach to resource management allows pharmaceutical companies to increase their social, environmental and economic efficiency. The article is aimed to research the essence of the concept, types and party of logistic outsourcing in practical pharmacy. To reach the aimreview of foreign and domestic scientific sources and the existing legal framework of Ukraine on this issue have been analyzed. Investigation methods were bibliographic and analytical ones. The results of these studies indicate the today outsourcing is one of the main logistics strategies of domestic pharmaceutical companies, which is actively used in the sphere of IT-technologies and warehouse services. At the same time for ensuring high-quality providing outsourcing services, a legal and regulatory framework is needed that standardizes the interaction between firm customer and the outsourcer, also the development of standards for the provision of services of a certain type of outsourcing. Wide introduction of logistics outsourcing, as a modern form of optimization of logistics business processes, requires the formation of professional competence among future pharmacists in pharmaceutical logistics, its tools and strategies, i.e. training of competitive professionals capable of working in various directions of practical pharmacy. Introduction of the topic «Logistic outsourcing in practical pharmacy» in the educational process of students of pharmaceutical faculties (university), pharmacists-interns and pharmacists at the postgraduate level of training is necessary. It will improve the theoretical and practical training of future specialist pharmaceutists and will allow them to apply the knowledge which would be gained in the future in logistics outsourcing in the activities of pharmaceutical companies