Postattenuation neurologic signs after surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs:A review

The development of postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) is a poorly understood and potentially devastating complication after surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs. Postattenuation neurologic signs include seizures but also more subtle neurologic signs such as depression, behavioral changes, tremors, and twitching. They most commonly occur within 7 days postoperatively and are typically unrelated to hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, or electrolyte disturbances. This narrative review summarizes the findings of 50 publications from 1988-2020 that report occurrence of PANS. While most published reports included only dogs affected by postattenuation seizures (PAS), others included dogs with any form of PANS. Overall, PANS (including PAS) affected 1.6%-27.3% of dogs, whereas incidence of PAS ranged from 0%-18.2%. The etiology of PANS remains unknown; however, several theories have been proposed. Risk factors include preoperative hepatic encephalopathy, increasing age, and possibly certain breeds and extrahepatic shunt morphology. There is increasing evidence that prophylactic antiepileptic drugs do not prevent PANS. Treatment is centered around controlling neurologic signs with antiepileptic drugs and providing supportive intensive care. The 30-day survival rate in studies that included a minimum of four dogs affected by PANS was 0%-100% (median, 50.0%) and 0%-75.0% (median, 37.5%) for those with PAS. Mortality associated with PANS was typically related to occurrence of generalized seizure activity. Prognostic factors positively associated with short-term survival included having a history of preoperative seizures and development of focal seizures only. If affected dogs survived to discharge, survival for several years was possible, and the majority of neurologic signs manifested as part of the phenomenon of PANS appeared to resolve

Prognostic factors for short‐term survival of dogs that experience postattenuation seizures after surgical correction of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts: 93 cases (2005‐2018)

© 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons Objective: To identify prognostic factors for short-term survival of dogs that experience seizures within 7 days after surgical correction of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (cEHPSS). Study design: Multi-institutional retrospective study. Sample population: Ninety-three client-owned dogs. Methods: Medical records at 14 veterinary institutions were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent surgical attenuation of a single cEHPSS from January 1, 2005 through February 28, 2018 and experienced postattenuation seizures (PAS) within 7 days postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 1-month survival. Factors investigated included participating institution, signalment, shunt morphology, concurrent/historical conditions, presence of preoperative neurologic signs, presence of preoperative seizures, aspects of preoperative medical management, surgical details including method and degree of shunt attenuation, type of PAS (focal only or generalized ± focal), drugs administered as part of the treatment of PAS, and development of complications during treatment of PAS. Results: Thirty (32.3%) dogs survived to 30 days. Seventy-six (81.7%) dogs experienced generalized PAS. Factors positively associated with short-term survival included having a history of preoperative seizures (P =.004) and development of focal PAS only (P =.0003). Most nonsurvivors were humanely euthanized because of uncontrolled or recurrent seizures. Conclusion: Dogs that experienced PAS that had a history of preoperative seizures and those that experienced focal PAS only had significantly improved short-term survival. Clinical significance: The results of this study provide information that will help in the counseling of owners who seek treatment for PAS after surgical correction of cEHPSS. © 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons

Protection de la nature

Billet Philippe, Untermaier Jean. Protection de la nature. In: Revue Juridique de l'Environnement, n°1-2, 1996. pp. 184-189

Protection des sites et des monuments

Billet Philippe, Untermaier Jean. Protection des sites et des monuments. In: Revue Juridique de l'Environnement, n°2, 1995. pp. 339-343

Protection de la nature

Billet Philippe, Untermaier Jean. Protection de la nature. In: Revue Juridique de l'Environnement, n°2, 1995. pp. 337-339

Justice et injustices environnementales

International audienceRéfugiés climatiques, victimes de catastrophes industrielles, minorités ethniques expulsées, paysans chassés de leurs terres, quartiers pauvres dévastés par des catastrophes naturelles, populations contaminées par des pollutions diverses... Une inégale vulnérabilité des peuples, une inégale distribution des facteurs de danger et des menaces conduisent à s'interroger sur la « justice environnementale » et l'équité sociale. Entre éthique environnementale, défense des droits des peuples et des minorités, etc., cet ouvrage analyse les formes de gouvernement des hommes et de l'environnement

Monuments et sites

Billet Philippe, Naim-Gesbert Eric, Untermaier Jean. Monuments et sites. In: Revue Juridique de l'Environnement, n°1-2, 1996. pp. 178-184

Effect of Perineal Urethrostomy on the Length of the Urethra of the Cat: A Cadaveric Study

Perineal urethrostomy in cats is indicated for urethral pathologies located distal to the bulbourethral glands. The description of the bulbourethral glands as the cranial landmark when performing a PU is based on the increased urethral diameter at this location, rather than on an anatomical limitation. This suggests that urethral pathologies cranial to the bulbourethral glands could potentially be treated with PU. At present, the extent to which the pelvic urethra can be mobilized is unknown. Characterization and quantification of the effect of PU on the pelvic urethra is required prior to attempting to define the location of the pelvic urethra, cranial to the bulbourethral glands, which can be exteriorized when performing a PU. Our aim was to characterize and quantify the effect of performing a PU on the location and length of the pelvic urethra. Methods: Ten male feline cadavers were used, and four markers were placed on the pelvic urethra via a ventral approach to the peritoneal and pelvic cavities. Two orthogonal radiographic views were acquired prior and subsequent to performing a PU. The distance of each marker to a predefined landmark/origin and the distances of the markers relative to each other were measured on all radiographs. Results: PU resulted in significant caudal translation of the markers relative to the predefined landmark on all radiographic views; however, PU did not result in a significant change in the distances between the markers. Conclusions: Performing a PU results in caudal translation and minimal stretching of the mobilized pelvic urethra

Résilience, irréversibilités et incertitudes

https://www.inee.cnrs.fr/fr/prospective-droit-ecologie-et-economie-de-la-biodiversiteInternational audience[...] La rencontre d’Oléron a offert l’opportunité de contribuer à une réflexion prospective en confrontant les concepts et les méthodes mobilisés en écologie, en droit et en économie pour étudier la résilience de ces systèmes dynamiques complexes ancrés dans des contextes d’incertitude et d’irréversibilité. A l’aune des débats sur l’utilité, le bon usage du concept de résilience et l’horizon des recherches sur ce sujet, trois problématiques ont été privilégiées. Dans un premier temps, le défi de l’évaluation des points de basculement des systèmes écologiques et sociaux est interrogé. Il est ensuite question de la détermination aléatoire des temps de réponse des systèmes écologiques et sociaux. Enfin, la troisième partie porte sur la recherche des capacités d’adaptation des systèmes socio-écologiques, entre nécessité et sérendipité. [...

Résilience, irréversibilités et incertitudes

Workshop Interdisciplinaire Biodiversité, Ecologie, Economie et Droit, Mission pour l’interdisciplinarité CNRS, Oléron, avril 2013International audienc