The Effects of Good Agricultural Practises On Energy Use Effectiveness On Mandarin Production and Environmental

WOS: 000458550500008In this study, Good Agricultural Practices for mandarin production and their effects on the efficient energy use and environmental were examined. This paper presents the results of asurvey conducted in the Adana province between January and February 2017. Data used in this study were obtained from 87farmers and consultant engineers who practice good agriculture in mandarin production using aface-to-face interview method. In this research, the total energy requirement for the mandarin production was 4686.46 MJkg(-1). The energy use efficiency indicator, efficiency and specific energy values were 1.92, 0.52 kgMJ(-1) and 0.92 MJkg(-1) respectively. As aresult of the research, renewable energy ratio was determined as 7.79%, and non-renewable energy ratio was determined as 86.17% in the total energy input. When the effects of the survey are compared with those of the literature, it shows that good farming practices in Turkey affect energy efficiency and environmental expectations in production positively, albeit at adepressed point

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT ROUGHAGE HARVESTING SYSTEMS ON YIELD AND DRY MATTER LOSSES

WOS: 000454345800015The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different roughage harvesting systems in terms of yield and dry matter (DM) losses. Also, some quality parameters such as pH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (ADP) and relative feed value (RFV) were evaluated. To this aim, four harvesting systems (S1: mower + round baler, S2: disc mower with conditioner + round baler, S3: mower + round baler + wrapping machine, S4: disc mower with conditioner + round baler + wrapping machine) were tested according to randomized block design with three replications. As plant material, vetch + triticale (Vicia saliva L. + Triticasecale wittmack) mixture was used.It was found that the bale silages have lower pH content comparing with dried forage. Also the best harvesting systems was S4 in terms of RFV. While the highest DM losses occurred in SI system, S4 system gave the highest yield These results indicate that the choice of method and machine is very important in the roughage harvest

Creation of digital maps and determination of biogas energy potential of some agricultural wastes in Kahramanmaras

Günümüzde fosil yakıtların gittikçe azalması, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının önemini arttırmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından biri de biyogazdır. Biyogazın üretim ve kullanılması; bitkisel ve hayvansal atıklardan kaynaklanan çevre problemleri de göz önüne alındığında, sürdürülebilir kalkınma açısından da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, TUIK 2014 verileri kullanılarak, Kahramanmaraş ili bazında hayvansal ve bazı bitkisel atıkların biyogaz potansiyeli belirlenerek haritalandırılmış ve konuya ilişkin yerel ölçekte sürdürülebilir çözümler oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. İl genelinde tarımsal atıklardan elde edilebilecek yıllık toplam biyogaz enerji potansiyeli 2 177 TJ/yıl’dır. Bu enerjinin yaklaşık %95’ini hayvansal atıklar oluşturmaktadır. Biyogaz enerjisinin ilçelere göre dağılımı, büyükten küçüğe doğru sırasıyla; Elbistan, Afşin, Pazarcık, Türkoğlu, Dulkadiroğlu, Onikişubat, Göksun, Andırın, Ekinözü, Çağlayancerit ve Nurhak şeklindedir.Nowadays, the ever-decreaasing of fossils fuel has increased the importance of renewable energy sources. Biogas is one of the renewable energy sources. The production and use of biogas, considering the environmental problems resulting from plant and animal waste, is of great importance in terms of sustainable development. In this study, using data from TUIK 2014, on the basis of Kahramanmaras, the biogas potential of animal and some vegetable waste has been mapped and identified and, at the local level, sustainable solutions regarding this issue have been pursued. The total annual energy potential of biogas that can be obtained from agricultural waste throughout the province is about 2 177 TJ/ year. Approximately %95 of the energy consists of animal wastes. The distribution of biogas energy to the districts, from the largest to the smallest, are as follows: Elbistan, Pazarcık, Türkoğlu, Dulkadiroğlu, Onikişubat, Göksun, Andırın, Ekinözü, Çağlayancerit and Nurhak

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system. Results A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9 center dot 2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P < 0 center dot 001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6 center dot 6 versus 8 center dot 0 per cent; P = 0 center dot 499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0 center dot 90, 95 per cent c.i. 0 center dot 55 to 1 center dot 46; P = 0 center dot 659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34 center dot 7 versus 39 center dot 5 per cent; major 3 center dot 3 versus 3 center dot 4 per cent; P = 0 center dot 110). Conclusion Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results: A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57\u201375) years (54\ub79 per cent men). Some 1153 (27\ub77 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1\u20133, of whom 1061 (92\ub70 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4\ub76 versus 4\ub78 days; hazard ratio 1\ub704, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub796 to 1\ub712; P = 0\ub7360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5\ub74 versus 4\ub76 per cent; P = 0\ub7349) or acute kidney injury (14\ub73 versus 13\ub78 per cent; P = 0\ub7666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35\ub73 versus 56\ub77 per cent; P < 0\ub7001). Conclusion: NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function.Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system.Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9.2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6.6 versus 8.0 per cent; P = 0.499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0.90, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.46; P = 0.659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34.7 versus 39.5 per cent; major 3.3 versus 3.4 per cent; P = 0.110).Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and the risk of postoperative pneumonia: an international, prospective cohort study

Aim: Aspiration is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with postoperative ileus. Insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) is often performed, but this can be distressing. The aim of this study was to determine whether the timing of NGT insertion after surgery (before versus after vomiting) was associated with reduced rates of pneumonia in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Method: This was a preplanned secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery between January 2018 and April 2018 were eligible. Those receiving a NGT were divided into three groups, based on the timing of the insertion: routine NGT (inserted at the time of surgery), prophylactic NGT (inserted after surgery but before vomiting) and reactive NGT (inserted after surgery and after vomiting). The primary outcome was the development of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery, which was compared between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups using multivariable regression analysis. Results: A total of 4715 patients were included in the analysis and 1536 (32.6%) received a NGT. These were classified as routine in 926 (60.3%), reactive in 461 (30.0%) and prophylactic in 149 (9.7%). Two hundred patients (4.2%) developed pneumonia (no NGT 2.7%; routine NGT 5.2%; reactive NGT 10.6%; prophylactic NGT 11.4%). After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant difference in pneumonia rates was detected between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.56\u20131.87, P = 0.932). Conclusion: In patients who required the insertion of a NGT after surgery, prophylactic insertion was not associated with fewer cases of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery compared with reactive insertion