The Young Lawyer and the State Bar Association

Symposium: The Young Lawyer and the State Bar Association - The State Bar Association and the Young Lawyer, South Bend, July 8, 1932

Incidental findings in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans for implant treatment planning: a retrospective study of 404 CBCT scans.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of incidental findings and need for further dental treatment and analyse the influence of size of field-of-view (FOV) and age in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for pre-implant planning. METHODS 404 CBCT scans were examined retrospectively for incidental findings and need for further dental treatment. Incidental finding-frequencies and need for further treatment were assessed for different age ( 60 years) and FOV groups (small, medium, large). Intraexaminer and interexaminer agreements were evaluated. RESULTS In 82% of the scans at least one incidental finding was found, with a total of 766 overall. More incidental findings were found in scans with large FOV (98% vs. 72%, OR = 22.39 large vs. small FOV, p  60 years (OR = 5.37 patient's age > 60 years vs. < 40 years, p = 0.0003). Further dental treatment due to incidental findings was needed in 31%. Scans with large FOV were more likely to entail further treatment (OR = 3.55 large vs. small FOV, p < 0.0001). Partial edentulism and large FOV were identified as risk factors for further treatment (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001). Further referral of the patient based on incidental findings was judged as indicated in 5%. Intra- and inter-examiner agreements were excellent (kappa = 0.944/0.805). CONCLUSIONS A considerable number of incidental findings with need for further dental treatment was found in partially edentulous patients and in patients > 60 years. In pre-implant planning of elderly patients, the selection of large FOV CBCT scans, including dentoalveolar regions not X-rayed recently, help to detect therapeutically relevant incidental findings

Controles oficiales de calidad y lucha contra el fraude en el sector del aceite de oliva en Cataluña. Resultados 2011–2014

This article highlights the key aspects of the official control procedures concerning quality and in the fight against food fraud in the oil sector implemented in Catalonia by the Ministry for Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food of the Government of Catalonia and, more specifically, by the Subdirectorate General of Agri-food Inspection and Control. This summarized view focuses on issues related to the legality and competence framework for official controls, the goals and purpose thereof, the area’s object of investigation and technical scope, the stages of the food chain at which measures are carried out, the types of inspection and control actions and the main investigation techniques. It also presents the results of the inspections, with a summary of the types of irregularities detected in the olive oil sector over the 2011–2014 period.En este artículo se exponen los aspectos más relevantes del control oficial en materia de calidad y lucha contra el fraude alimentario en el sector del aceite, efectuado en Cataluña por el Departamento de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación de la Generalitat de Catalunya, y en concreto, por la Subdirección General de la Inspección y Control Agroalimentario. De manera resumida se focaliza en los aspectos relacionados con el marco legal y competencial del control oficial, objetivo y finalidad del control oficial, ámbitos objeto de investigación y alcance técnico, fase de la cadena alimenticia donde se realiza, tipo de actuaciones de inspección y control y principales técnicas de investigación. Asimismo, se presentan los resultados de las inspecciones, con un resumen de los tipos de irregularidades detectadas en el sector del aceite de oliva en el período 2011–2014

Effect of irrigation on sap flux density variability and water use estimate in cherry (Prunus avium) for timber production: Azimuthal profile, radial profile and sapwood estimation

9 páginas.-- 7 figuras.-- 3 tablas.-- 30 referenciasInformation on tree water use in plantations for high quality wood is scarce, thus studies are needed toproperly estimate the irrigation demand of these plantations. Plant water use estimation with sap flowsensors has been used extensively. However, biases in tree sap flow estimate can arise from variationson radial and azimuthal profiles of sap flux density and also from the sapwood area considered for theup-scaling from sap flux density to sap flux. This work aimed to (1) study the spatial variations of sapflux density in cherry trees in a timber orientated plantation, (2) compare several methods to estimatesapwood depth in cherry trees and (3) to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation on these factors. The resultsshowed that most of the studied trees had decreasing radial sap flux density profiles with depth asexpected. However, the three irrigated trees of bigger sizes still showed high sap flux densities in theirinner tissues, at contrast with the rest of the trees and especially with the non irrigated ones of similarsize with values close to 20% of the sap flux density measured at 1 cm depth from cambium. On the otherhand, the different methods tested to estimate sapwood depth gave significantly different results andonly the two methods of visual identification in wood cores based on color change and measurementsof sap flux densities along the xylem radius may be considered suitable for scaling purposes. Moreover,azimuthal variation pattern was found to be random in all the studied trees, and the ranking between theaspects (north, south, east and west) was not affected by either drip irrigation or sun exposition, and thusmeasuring sap flux density in any particular aspect has been shown to be suitable to estimate the overalltree sap flux. We conclude that more studies are necessary to properly assess the radial profile of sapflux density, especially when considering the high sap flux density in the inner tissues of the three biggerirrigated trees as compared to the other trees, and also how this pattern seemed to indicate sapwooddepths values very contrasted to the ones estimated from color change in wood cores.Acknowledgments MONTES (CSD 2008-00040) projectsfunded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The firstauthor was the recipient of a FPI grant from the Spanish Ministryof Economy and Competitiveness. The field work of Eulalia Serra,Beatriz Grau, Marc Ferrer and Cristian Morales is highly appreci-ated.Peer reviewe

Implications of uncertainties on European DEMO design

During the pre-conceptual design phase of fusion devices such as the European demonstration fusion power plant (DEMO), systems codes provide a fast evaluation of optimal design points and highlight high impact areas. However, determining or evaluating a design point at such an early stage comes with uncertainties in many of the design parameters. These uncertainties are both associated with the physics as well as the engineering basis of the European DEMO design. The work applies an uncertainty quantification analysis to the 2017 pulsed European DEMO design using the PROCESS systems code. It assumes that DEMO will be built as suggested by the baseline and explores what implications the currently known physics and engineering uncertainties have on the expected performance parameters (net electric output and pulse length), while optimising the fusion gain Q. A more detailed single parameter analysis clearly identifies high impact parameters. This confirms previous investigations as well as revealing new areas that warrant deeper investigation in particular in the technology area

Altered synaptic plasticity and behavioral abnormalities in CNGA3-deficient mice

The role of the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel CNGA3 is well established in cone photoreceptors and guanylyl cyclase-D-expressing olfactory neurons. To assess a potential function of CNGA3 in the mouse amygdala and hippocampus, we examined synaptic plasticity and performed a comparative analysis of spatial learning, fear conditioning and step-down avoidance in wild-type mice and CNGA3 null mutants (CNGA3(-/-) ). CNGA3(-/-) mice showed normal basal synaptic transmission in the amygdala and the hippocampus. However, cornu Ammonis (CA1) hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by a strong tetanus was significantly enhanced in CNGA3(-/-) mice as compared with their wild-type littermates. Unlike in the hippocampus, LTP was not significantly altered in the amygdala of CNGA3(-/-) mice. Enhanced hippocampal LTP did not coincide with changes in hippocampus-dependent learning, as both wild-type and mutant mice showed a similar performance in water maze tasks and contextual fear conditioning, except for a trend toward higher step-down latencies in a passive avoidance task. In contrast, CNGA3(-/-) mice showed markedly reduced freezing to the conditioned tone in the amygdala-dependent cued fear conditioning task. In conclusion, our study adds a new entry on the list of physiological functions of the CNGA3 channel. Despite the dissociation between physiological and behavioral parameters, our data describe a so far unrecognized role of CNGA3 in modulation of hippocampal plasticity and amygdala-dependent fear memory

Social Preferences, Skill Segregation and Wage Dynamics

We study the earning structure and the equilibrium asignment of workers to firms in a model in which workers have social preferences, and skills are perfectly substitutable in production. Firms offer long-term contracts, and we allow for frictions in the labour market in the form of mobility costs. The model delivers specific predictions about the nature of worker flows, about the characteristic of workplace skill segregation, and about wage dispersion both within and cross firms. We shows that long-term contracts in the resence of social preferences associate within-firm wage dispersion with novel "internal labour market" features such as gradual promotions, productivity-unrelated wage increases, and downward wage flexibility. These three dynamic features lead to productivity-unrelated wage volatily within firms.Publicad