Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) Across 37 Languages

Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure

Étude des lois de comportement des sols à l’aide d’un essai d’expansion en forage réalisé avec une sonde à coquilles de déformation rigides

The Ménard pressuremeter test (PMT) was so far the only in situ test in soil mechanics thatprovided a full stress-strain curve through the radial dilatation of a flexible cylindricalmembrane. Thus, this test is particularly suited to shallow foundations design: it enables toestimate both the maximal admissible load of the soil under foundations and the settlementsthat occur during the structure’s commissioning.This thesis dissertation presents a new soil investigation apparatus called the Dilatosol. TheDilatosol test (DFT) is a prebored expansion test during which two rigid semi-cylindricalshells are pushed against the borehole wall at a constant displacement rate. The measurementof the shells’ displacement and the hydraulic pressure applied provides access to a full stress-strain curve. Such unidirectional loading test is comparable to the borehole jack test that isperformed in rocks mechanics studies but never in soft soils.The thesis started after the conception of the first prototype. The validation of the apparatus isbased on a metrological control on a bench as well as on a comparative study with the Ménardpressuremeter test by means of crossover tests in various materials. This allowed us todevelop further the concept of the probe with a total of four prototypes developed. The lastone can apply a maximal stress of 4 MPa and a relative displacement of the borehole walls of40 % thanks to hydraulic cylinders. The whole conception process has been taken over by theresearch and development department of Fondasol with the support of the University GustaveEiffel (UGE).By means of studies on various geotechnical materials (dry Hostun sand reconstituted in acalibration chamber, in situ clay, etc.), we show that the two main soil’s mechanicalparameters can be derived from a load-displacement curve: a deformability parameter definedas a pseudo-elastic modulus derived from the theory of elasticity, and a failure parameterdefined by analogy with the limit pressure of the soil under failing under a shallowfoundation. The last prototype is the only one able to access these two parameterssimultaneously.Results show that the various analytical models proposed give similar results in terms ofpseudo-elastic moduli. Furthermore, the Dilatosol modulus is close to the pressuremetermodulus which is confirmed by finite elements analyses. The few failure criteria suggestedgive varying results given the different ways failure can be defined. We show that thedefinition of failure as the starting of failure propagation from the borehole walls gives accessto a limit stress close to the conventional Ménard limit pressure. It is then advised to keep thisdefinition as a first approach.Finally, thanks to a crossover tests campaign with foundation loading test, pressuremeter testsand Dilatosol tests, we carry out a direct application of the Dilatosol parameter to the designof a circular foundation. Results show that settlements at the service state and the ultimatelimit load can be successfully estimated and compared with the pressuremeter predictions.This research shows that the Dilatosol is a good alternative to the Ménard pressuremeter testto shallow foundation designL’essai pressiométrique (PMT) était jusqu’à présent le seul essai in situ en mécanique des sols permettant d’accéder à une courbe contrainte-déformation complète du sol. Cette spécificité en a fait un essai privilégié pour le dimensionnement des fondations superficielles, permettant à l’ingénieur d’estimer à la fois la charge limite supportable par le sol et le tassement induit sous l’ouvrage en état de service.Ce mémoire présente les travaux portant sur le développement d’un nouvel appareil de mesure des déformations en forage, baptisé Dilatosol. L’essai au dilatomètre Fondasol (DFT)consiste à écarter à vitesse constante deux coquilles rigides et semi-cylindriques contre laparoi d’un forage réalisé au préalable. La mesure simultanée de la contrainte appliquée sur la paroi et du déplacement des coquilles permet d’accéder à une courbe contrainte-déformation complète du sol. Cet essai de chargement unidirectionnel est une extension de l’essai audilatomètre rigide pour l’étude des sols alors qu’il était jusque-là uniquement pratiqué en mécanique des roches.Ces travaux de thèse ont débuté dès la fin de conception du premier appareil. Notre méthode de validation du matériel de mesure s’est basée, à l’issue d’une confirmation métrologique en atelier, sur une étude comparative avec le pressiomètre Ménard. Cette approche a permis de faire évoluer le concept de la sonde Dilatosol qui s’est finalement déclinée en quatre prototypes. Le dernier en date permet d’appliquer sur le sol une contrainte de 4 MPa et unenfoncement relatif de la paroi du forage d’environ 40 % au moyen de pistons hydrauliques.La conception successive de ces appareils a été intégralement prise en charge par le service matériel, recherche et développement de Fondasol avec le concours de l’université Gustave Eiffel.Au travers des nombreux essais menés sur des sites présentant des contextes géotechniques variés, le dernier prototype a permis d’extraire de la courbe de chargement deux paramètres mécaniques des sols : un paramètre de déformabilité de type module pseudo-élastique défini à partir de la théorie de l’élasticité, et un paramètre de rupture défini par analogie avec la contrainte limite du sol soumis au chargement d’une fondation. Les résultats montrent que les différents modèles analytiques proposés donnent des résultats comparables en termes de module. De plus, le module au Dilatosol est proche du module pressiométrique ce qui est confirmé par des simulations numériques aux éléments finis. Quant au paramètre de rupture,les divers critères proposés donnent des résultats variables étant donné les multiples manières dont on peut définir la rupture. Nous montrons qu’un critère de type initiation de la propagation de déformations plastiques à partir de la paroi du forage donne une contrainte limite proche de la pression limite conventionnelle pressiométrique, et nous proposons donc de conserver ce paramètre en première approche.Enfin, grâce à une campagne d’essais croisés de chargement de fondation, d’essais pressiométriques et d’essais au Dilatosol, nous proposons une application directe de ces paramètres pour le dimensionnement d’une fondation superficielle circulaire. Les résultats montrent que l’on peut estimer les tassements à l’état limite de service et une contrainte limite à l’état ultime en adéquation avec les méthodes pressiométriques.Les résultats de ces recherches montrent que le Dilatosol peut se présenter comme une alternative fiable au pressiomètre pour la conception des fondations superficielle

I do not want to smile! A response to customer mistreatment

Building upon social exchange theory and personality models, this study aimed to examine why and to what extent experiencing customer incivility leads employees to engage in emotional deviance. More precisely, we argued that negative emotions would act as a mediator in this relationship and that employees’ resilience would moderate this mediation. A total of 419 frontline employees participated in this study. Using the latent moderated structural equations method, this research showed that negative emotions mediated the relationship between customer incivility and emotional deviance. Moreover, as expected, employees’ resilience moderated the indirect effect of customer incivility on emotional deviance through negative emotions. More specifically, the indirect effect emerged as weaker for resilient as compared to non-resilient individuals. Overall, this study offers several practical implications for managers and organizations. Specifically, it proposes that managers and organizations should offer training programs to improve stress management and emotion regulation, such as relaxation, mindfulness techniques, and resilience-building program

Effect of emotion dysregulation and emotion regulation strategies on evaluative conditioning

Evaluative conditioning (EC) appears when a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is repeatedly paired with a positive or negative unconditioned stimulus (US). Most studies on EC have focused on the influence of procedural factors (e.g., number of presentations) and awareness, while emotional factors have been understudied. However, literature shows that emotional processes could be involved. In this paper, we assume that, upon appraisal, the US elicits a particular emotion that is then paired with the CS. In this perspective, the ability to regulate emotions could modulate how individuals pay attention to stimuli, appraise them, and, more generally, use them. For these reasons, emotion regulation could be an interindividual moderator of the EC. To test this assumption, we explore whether (i) emotional dysregulation and (ii) emotional regulation strategies moderate EC effects. We conducted an integrative analysis (n = 236) based on two studies using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and an observational study using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (n = 128). Higher levels of emotional dysregulation were associated with less positive conditioning. Furthermore, the reappraisal strategy was associated with higher positive conditioning. Therefore, people differ in how they are conditioned (particularly positively conditioned), and part of it is because of emotion regulation differences. This contribution opens several new questions for the EC field to understand more precisely when and where these emotional processes are involved

Emotional labor: The role of organizational dehumanization

In a permanent quest for profit, employees can be reduced to a mere function or instrument, dissociated from their quality as individuals for the organization's ends. Experiencing such a feeling as an employee has been called organizational dehumanization. Scholars have recently suggested that organizational dehumanization may play a key role in the development of emotional labor. However, how organizational dehumanization and two main emotional labor strategies (i.e., surface and deep acting) are causally related remains unclear in this literature. In the present research, we argue that employees who experience organizational dehumanization and whose self is thus threatened then engage in surface acting to "conserve" their self or in deep acting to "give up" their self in service of the role. Overall, the combined results of three studies offer strong evidence that organizational dehumanization leads employees to perform more surface acting, but not more deep acting. Unexpectedly, our findings also indicate that deep acting reduces the perception of being dehumanized by the organization. In showing this, the present research sheds light on the potential dark side of deep acting, by suggesting that this strategy can change employees' perspectives in a way that may encourage them to stay in an organization that treats them as a means to an end

Authoritarian attitudes are associated with higher autonomic reactivity to stress and lower recovery

International audienc

Mantle xenolith-bearing phonolites and basanites feed the active

International audienceSince 2018, the submarine east flank of Mayotte Island (Comoros archipelago) is the site of a major eruption located at 3.5 km depth bsl on a WNW-ESE volcanic ridge. Samples brought by oceanographic cruises carried out to monitor this seismo-volcanic crisis indicate that this volcanic ridge is built by a bimodal sodic alkaline magmatic series that includes basanites and phonolites. A petrological study of dredged samples allowed us to image the magmatic system feeding the volcanic ridge and to determine the link between basanitic and phonolitic magmas. The magmatic system feeding the volcanic ridge comprises multiple levels of magma storage. Basanitic magmas generated at 80–100 km mantle depth are stored in two or more deep reservoirs (≥ 37 km) and then in shallower basanitic and phonolitic lenses located close to the Moho interface before rising the surface. This study identifies three possible scenarios: (1) the deep basanitic magma rises directly and quickly to the surface from the deep mantle reservoir (as is currently happening 60 km offshore), (2) the basanitic magma stalls in a shallower reservoir near the Moho before resuming its ascent toward the surface and erupting as porphyritic basanite, (3) the basanitic magma stops and evolves to phonolite in these sub-crustal reservoirs. The phonolitic lavas are produced by approximately 80% fractional crystallization (34% clinopyroxene, 30% anorthoclase feldspar, 15.5% magnetite, 12.5% olivine, 5% apatite and 4% ilmenite) of a hydrous basanitic magma at mantle depths (P > 0.6 GPa) under reduced oxygen fugacity (~ FMQ-1). In this third scenario, the phonolitic magma might be reactivated by the arrival of a new batch of deeper basanitic magma