The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: Evaluation of precipitation

Here we present the first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacing over a decade long period. A total of 23 simulations run with a horizontal grid spacing of ∼ 3 km, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis, and performed by 22 European research groups are analysed. Six different regional climate models (RCMs) are represented in the ensemble. The simulations are compared against available high-resolution precipitation observations and coarse resolution (∼ 12 km) RCMs with parameterized convection. The model simulations and observations are compared with respect to mean precipitation, precipitation intensity and frequency, and heavy precipitation on daily and hourly timescales in different seasons. The results show that kilometer-scale models produce a more realistic representation of precipitation than the coarse resolution RCMs. The most significant improvements are found for heavy precipitation and precipitation frequency on both daily and hourly time scales in the summer season. In general, kilometer-scale models tend to produce more intense precipitation and reduced wet-hour frequency compared to coarse resolution models. On average, the multi-model mean shows a reduction of bias from ∼ −40% at 12 km to ∼ −3% at 3 km for heavy hourly precipitation in summer. Furthermore, the uncertainty ranges i.e. the variability between the models for wet hour frequency is reduced by half with the use of kilometer-scale models. Although differences between the model simulations at the kilometer-scale and observations still exist, it is evident that these simulations are superior to the coarse-resolution RCM simulations in the representing precipitation in the present-day climate, and thus offer a promising way forward for investigations of climate and climate change at local to regional scales.Fil: Ban, Nikolina. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Caillaud, Cécile. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Coppola, Erika. The Abdus Salam. International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Italia. The Abdus Salam; ItaliaFil: Pichelli, Emanuela. The Abdus Salam; Italia. The Abdus Salam. International Centre for Theoretical Physics; ItaliaFil: Sobolowski, Stefan. Norwegian Research Centre; NoruegaFil: Adinolfi, Marianna. Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui cambiamenti climatici; ItaliaFil: Ahrens, Bodo. Goethe Universitat Frankfurt; AlemaniaFil: Alias, Antoinette. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Anders, Ivonne. German Climate Computing Center; AlemaniaFil: Bastin, Sophie. Universite Paris-Saclay;Fil: Belušić, Danijel. Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute; SuizaFil: Berthou, Ségolène. Met Office Hadley Centre; Reino UnidoFil: Brisson, Erwan. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Cardoso, Rita M.. Universidade Nova de Lisboa; PortugalFil: Chan, Steven C.. University of Newcastle; Reino UnidoFil: Christensen, Ole Bøssing. Danish Meteorological Institute; DinamarcaFil: Fernández, Jesús. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Fita Borrell, Lluís. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Instituto Franco-Argentino sobre Estudios del Clima y sus Impactos; ArgentinaFil: Frisius, Thomas. Helmholtz Gemeinschaft; AlemaniaFil: Gaparac, Goran. Croatia Control Ltd.; CroaciaFil: Giorgi, Filippo. The Abdus Salam. International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Italia. The Abdus Salam; ItaliaFil: Goergen, Klaus. Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems; Alemania. Helmholtz Gemeinschaft. Forschungszentrum Jülich; AlemaniaFil: Haugen, Jan Erik. Norwegian Meteorological Institute; NoruegaFil: Hodnebrog, Øivind. Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo; NoruegaFil: Kartsios, Stergios. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki; GreciaFil: Katragkou, Eleni. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki; GreciaFil: Kendon, Elizabeth J.. Met Office Hadley Centre; Reino UnidoFil: Keuler, Klaus. Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg; AlemaniaFil: Lavin Gullon, Alvaro. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Lenderink, Geert. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute; Países Bajo

La pêcherie de bolinche dans le périmètre du parc naturel marin d’Iroise

Ifremer est sollicité pour fournir des éléments utiles à la prise de décision d’attribuer de nouvelles licences de pêche à la bolinche dans le Parc Naturel Marin d’Iroise. Il lui est notamment demandé d’établir : - un état des lieux sur le stock de sardine - un état des lieux de la pêcherie de bolinche - un état des lieux des frayères connues de la baie de Douarnene

Caractérisation et typologie des engins et de l’effort de pêche dans le Golfe de Gascogne en période d’échouage des petits cétacés

Plusieurs analyses sont proposées dans ce cadre et en réponse à la saisine : 1) un bilan de l’effort de pêche des navires français en zone CIEM VIII aux engins sensibles aux captures accidentelles sur les périodes hivernales de 2019 à 2021 (entre le 1er décembre et le 31 mars), 2) une cartographie de l’effort de pêche aux engins sensibles sur ces mêmes périodes, 3) une analyse de l’évolution de l’activité halieutique française et étrangère entre 2010 et 2020 avec une attention particulière portée aux périodes hivernales et aux engins sensibles, 4) des premiers éléments sur la problématiques de l’estimation des métriques d’effort de pêche des engins sensibles en particulier des filets, 5) une actualisation de la typologie des navires pratiquant le filet dans la zone CIEM VIII durant les périodes hivernales étendue 2019 et 2020 (entre le 1er décembre et le 31 mai) et enfin 6) une analyse de l’évolution de l’abondance des espèces – proies des cétacés. Selon le niveau de précision disponible dans les données. Par exemple en l’absence de géolocalisation généralisée des navires de pêche, la cartographie des activités de pêche des navires français de moins de 12 mètre n’a pu être réalisée qu’au niveau des rectangles statistiques ICES, niveau insuffisant pour une bonne représentation de l’activité de pêche de ces navires

Evaluation of Alpine-Mediterranean precipitation events in convection-permitting regional climate models using a set of tracking algorithms

International audienceWe here inter-compare four different tracking algorithms by applying them onto the precipitation fields of an ensemble of convection-permitting regional climate models (cpRCMs) and on high-resolution observational datasets of precipitation. The domain covers the Alps and the northern Mediterranean and thus we here analyse heavy precipitation events, that are renowned for causing hydrological hazards. In this way, this study is both, an inter-comparison of tracking algorithms as well as an evaluation study of cpRCMs in the Lagrangian frame of reference. The tracker inter-comparison is performed by comparison of two case studies as well as of climatologies of cpRCMs and observations. We find that that all of the trackers produce qualitatively equal results concerning characteristic track properties. This means that, despite of quantitative differences, equivalent scientific conclusions would be drawn. This result suggests that all trackers investigated are reliable analysis tools of atmospheric research. With respect to the model ensemble evaluation, we find an encouraging performance of cpRCMs in comparison to radar-based observations. In particular prominent hotspots of heavy precipitation events are well-reproduced by the models. In general most characteristic properties of precipitation events have positive biases. Assuming the under-catchment of precipitation in observations in a domain of such complex orography, this result is to be expected. Only the mean area of tracks is underestimated, while their duration is overestimated. Mean precipitation rate is estimated well, while maximum precipitation rate is overestimated. Furthermore, geometrical and rain volume are overestimated. We find that models overestimate the occurrence of precipitation events over all mountain chains, whereas over plain terrain in summer precipitation events are seen underestimated. This suggests that, despite the convection-permitting resolution, thermally driven thunderstorms are either not triggered or their dynamics still under-resolved. Eventually we find that biases in the spatio-temporal properties of precipitation events appear reduced when evaluating cpRCMs against Doppler radar-based and rain gauge-adjusted observational datasets of comparable spatial resolution, strengthening their role in evaluation studies

The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, Part I: Evaluation of precipitation

Here we present the first multi-model ensemble of climate simulations at kilometer-scale horizontal resolution over a decade long period. A total of 22 simulations, performed by 21 European research groups are analyzed. Six different regional climate models (RCMs) are represented in the ensemble. The simulations are compared against available high-resolution precipitation observations and coarse resolution (12 km) RCMs with parameterized convection. The model simulations and observations are compared with respect to mean precipitation, precipitation intensity and frequency, and heavy precipitation on daily and hourly timescales in different seasons.The results show that kilometer-scale models produce more realistic representation of precipitation than the coarse resolution RCMs. The most significant improvements are found for heavy precipitation and precipitation frequency on both daily and hourly time scales in the summer season. In general, kilometer-scale models tend to produce more intense precipitation and reduced wet-hour frequency compared to coarse resolution models. Although differences between the model simulations at the kilometer-scale and observations exist, it is evident that they are superior to the coarse-resolution RCMs in the simulation of precipitation in the present-day climate, and thus offer a promising way forward for investigations of climate and climate change at local to regional scales.</p

Evaluation of Alpine-Mediterranean precipitation events in convection-permitting regional climate models using a set of tracking algorithms(Nov, 10.1007/s00382-022-06555-z, 2022)

International audienc

The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation

Here we present the first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacing over a decade long period. A total of 23 simulations run with a horizontal grid spacing of ?3 km, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis, and performed by 22 European research groups are analysed. Six different regional climate models (RCMs) are represented in the ensemble. The simulations are compared against available high-resolution precipitation observations and coarse resolution (? 12 km) RCMs with parameterized convection. The model simulations and observations are compared with respect to mean precipitation, precipitation intensity and frequency, and heavy precipitation on daily and hourly timescales in different seasons. The results show that kilometer-scale models produce a more realistic representation of precipitation than the coarse resolution RCMs. The most significant improvements are found for heavy precipitation and precipitation frequency on both daily and hourly time scales in the summer season. In general, kilometer-scale models tend to produce more intense precipitation and reduced wet-hour frequency compared to coarse resolution models. On average, the multi-model mean shows a reduction of bias from ? ?40% at 12 km to ? ?3% at 3 km for heavy hourly precipitation in summer. Furthermore, the uncertainty ranges i.e. the variability between the models for wet hour frequency is reduced by half with the use of kilometer-scale models. Although differences between the model simulations at the kilometer-scale and observations still exist, it is evident that these simulations are superior to the coarse-resolution RCM simulations in the representing precipitation in the present-day climate, and thus offer a promising way forward for investigations of climate and climate change at local to regional scales.The ETH and UIBK team acknowledges PRACE for awarding access to Piz Daint at Swiss National Supercomputing Center (CSCS, Switzerland), and the Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS), and ETH Zürich for their contributions to the development of the GPU-accelerated version of COSMO. The funding for their research was provided by the Swiss National Sciences Foundation through the Sinergia Grant CRSII2_154486 ’crCLIM’. The ETH team, MZ, CNRM IPSL, ICTP, SMHI, Met-Office, DMI, CMCC, HZG, KNMI acknowledge funding from the HORIZON 2020 EUCP (European Climate Prediction System) project (https://www.eucp-project.eu, grant agreement No. 776613). The RegCM simulations by the ICTP have been completed thanks to the support of the Consorzio Interuniversitario per il Calcolo Automatico dell’Italia Nord Orientale (CINECA) super-computing center (Bologna, Italy). ICTP team acknowledge the CETEMPS, University of L’Aquila, for allowing access to the Italian database of precipitation which GRIPHO is based on. EK and SK acknowledge the GRNET HPC-ARIS infrastructure (project pr003005) and the AUTH-IT scientific center for their support. MT acknowledge that computational resources were made available by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) through support from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany (BMBF), and further acknowledge the funding of the German Research Foundation (DFG) through grant nr. 401857120. HT and DM acknowledge the projects HighEnd:Extremes, EASICLIM, and reclip:convex, funded by the Austrian Climate Research Programme (ACRP) of the Klima- und Energiefonds (nos. B368608, KR16AC0K13160, and B769999, respectively) and the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC) (projects 70992 and 71193). HT, DM and KG gratefully acknowledge the computing time granted through JARA (project JJSC39) and the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) (project HKA19) at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre. AL-G acknowledges support by the Spanish government through grant BES-2016-078158 and MINECO/FEDER co-funded project MULTI-SDM (CGL2015-66583-R). UCAN simulations have been carried out on the Altamira Supercomputer at the Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC), member of the Spanish Supercomputing Network. SS and TL gratefully acknowledge the support of the Norwegian Environment Agency and their basic funding support of NORCE’s Climate Services strategic project. Their simulations were performed on resources provided by UNINETT Sigma2—the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway. JM and JF gratefully acknowledge the support by the Spanish government R+D programme through grant INSIGNIA (CGL2016-79210-R), co-funded by the ERDF/FEDER. The UHOH team and JM are also thankful for the support of the German Science Foundation (DFG) through project FOR 1695. The UHOH simulations were carried out using the computational resources received from the supercomputing center HLRS in Stuttgart, Germany. IPSL’s work was granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC under the allocations 2018-A0030106877 and 2019-A0030106877 made by GENCI. EB and BA thank the Hessian Competence Center for High Performance Computing. The CICERO team was funded through the Norwegian Research Council project HYPRE (grant no. 243942) and acknowledges computing resources from Notur (NN9188K). EJK gratefully acknowledges funding from the Joint UK BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). All authors gratefully acknowledge the WCRP-CORDEX-FPS on Convective phenomena at high resolution over Europe and the Mediterranean (FPSCONV-ALP-3) and the research data exchange infrastructure and services provided by the Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Germany, as part of the Helmholtz Data Federation initiative