574 research outputs found
Heat Treatment Improvement of Dairy Products via Ohmic Heating Processes : Thermal and Hyrodynamic Effect on Fouling
Fouling and consequently cleaning of heat exchangers in the dairy industry are nowadays a significant issue still not solved for the processing of quite a large variety of products. Ohmic heating processes for food products a priori are well known to minimize the fouling phenomenon due to a totally different way of heating food by admitting the current directly in the product. Such a technology could be a good alternative to counter both fouling and cleaning aspects when pasteurizing or sterilizing dairy desserts known to generate large amounts of soil on heated surfaces. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the respective roles of both the hydrodynamic parameters and surface electrode temperatures on the fouling phenomenon when heating a simple dairy mix designed to mimic dairy product behaviors
Improved climatological precipitation characteristics over West Africa at convection-permitting scales
The West African climate is unique and challenging to reproduce using standard resolution climate models as a large proportion of precipitation comes from organised deep convection. For the first time, a regional 4.5Â km convection permitting simulation was performed on a pan-African domain for a period of 10Â years (1997â2006). The 4.5Â km simulation (CP4A) is compared with a 25Â ĂÂ 40Â km convection-parameterised model (R25) over West Africa. CP4A shows increased mean precipitation, which results in improvements in the mature phase of the West African monsoon but deterioration in the early and late phases. The distribution of precipitation rates is improved due to more short lasting intense rainfall events linked with mesoscale convective systems. Consequently, the CP4A model shows a better representation of wet and dry spells both at the daily and sub-daily time-scales. The diurnal cycle of rainfall is improved, which impacts the diurnal cycle of monsoon winds and increases moisture convergence in the Sahel. Although shortcomings were identified, with implications for model development, this convection-permitting model provides a much more reliable precipitation distribution than its convection-parameterised counterpart at both daily and sub-daily time-scales. Convection-permitting scales will therefore be useful to address the crucial question of how the precipitation distribution will change in the future
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The benefits of global high-resolution for climate simulation: process-understanding and the enabling of stakeholder decisions at the regional scale
A perspective on current and future capabilities in global high-resolution climate simulation for assessing climate risks over next few decades, including advances in process representation and analysis, justifying the emergence of dedicated, coordinated experimental protocols.
The timescales of the Paris Climate Agreement indicate urgent action is required on climate policies over the next few decades, in order to avoid the worst risks posed by climate change. On these relatively short timescales the combined effect of climate variability and change are both key drivers of extreme events, with decadal timescales also important for infrastructure planning. Hence, in order to assess climate risk on such timescales, we require climate models to be able to represent key aspects of both internally driven climate variability, as well as the response to changing forcings.
In this paper we argue that we now have the modelling capability to address these requirements - specifically with global models having horizontal resolutions considerably enhanced from those typically used in previous IPCC and CMIP exercises. The improved representation of weather and climate processes in such models underpins our enhanced confidence in predictions and projections, as well as providing improved forcing to regional models, which are better able to represent local-scale extremes (such as convective precipitation). We choose the global water cycle as an illustrative example, because it is governed by a chain of processes for which there is growing evidence of the benefits of higher resolution. At the same time it comprises key processes involved in many of the expected future climate extremes (e.g. flooding, drought, tropical and mid-latitude storms)
Global pressures, specific responses: effects of nutrient enrichment in streams from different biomes
Fil: Artigas, Joan. Clermont UniversitĂ©. UniversitĂ© Blaise Pascal. Laboratoire Microorganismes: GĂ©nome et Environnement; FranceFil: GarcĂa-Berthou, Emili. Institute of Aquatic Ecology. University of Girona. Girona; SpainFil: Bauer, Delia Elena. Instituto de LimnologĂa Dr. RaĂșl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Maria I.. Department of Biology. National University of Colombia. BogotĂĄ DC; ColombiaFil: Cochero, JoaquĂn. Instituto de LimnologĂa Dr. RaĂșl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Colautti, DarĂo CĂ©sar. Instituto de LimnologĂa Dr. RaĂșl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cortelezzi, Agustina. Instituto de LimnologĂa Dr. RaĂșl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Donato, John C.. Department of Biology. National University of Colombia. BogotĂĄ DC; ColombiaFil: Elosegi, Arturo. Faculty of Science and Technology. The University of the Basque Country. Bilbao; SpainFil: FeijoĂł, Claudia S.. INEDES. Department of Basic Sciences. National University of LujĂĄn. LujĂĄn; ArgentinaFil: Giorgi, Adonis. INEDES. Department of Basic Sciences. National University of LujĂĄn. LujĂĄn; ArgentinaFil: GĂłmez, Nora. Institute of Aquatic Ecology. University of Girona. Girona; SpainFil: Leggieri, Leonardo. Institute of Aquatic Ecology. University of Girona. Girona; SpainFil: Muñoz, Isabel. Department of Ecology. University of Barcelona. Barcelona; SpainFil: Rodrigues CapĂtulo, Alberto. Instituto de LimnologĂa Dr. RaĂșl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: RomanĂ, Anna M.. Institute of Aquatic Ecology. University of Girona. Girona; SpainFil: Sabater, Sergi. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA). Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona. Girona; Spai
Outcome of Ph negative myeloproliferative neoplasms transforming to accelerated or leukemic phase
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic disorders that can sometimes evolve into accelerated or leukemic phases. We retrospectively identified 122 patients with such blastic phases. The overall median survival was four months: 10.2 months for patients treated with intensive treatments compared to three months for best supportive care (pâ=â.005). Azacytidine, intensive chemotherapies, or allogeneic stem cell transplantation gave the highest median survivals with 9, 10.2, and 19.4 months, respectively. Accelerated phases (AP) had a longer median survival compared to acute leukemia (4.8 months vs. 3.1 months; pâ=â.02). In this retrospective and observational study, we observe that the longest survivals are seen in patients eligible for intensive treatments. Azacytidine shows interesting results in patients non-fit for intensive chemotherapy. Supportive care should probably be restricted to elderly patients and those with unfavorable karyotype. An early diagnosis of AP could also result in a better survival rate
Guidelines for the definition of operational management units
The objective of fisheries management is the sustainable exploitation of the fish resources over the extent of their spatial distribution. Along with the Common
Fisheries Policy (CFP) objectives, the socio-economic viability of the fisheries exploiting the resource is also to be achieved. To reach these aims, managers need to
define the management units they are going to work with. For the purpose of GEPETO project, we define a management unit (MU) as the set of
fishing fleets exploiting a common pool of fish resources with strong spatial overlapping and sharing of habitats, which make them being typically fished together.
In other words, a MU is the set of fishing fleets exploiting a common fish community over their spatial distribution. MUs have to be defined by the fish community, by the
spatial range of distribution of the fish community, and by the set of fishing fleets sharing the exploitation of the fish communityL'objectif de gestion de la pĂȘche est l'exploitation durable des ressources halieutiques sur l'Ă©tendue de leur rĂ©partition spatiale. Avec la nouvelle
Politique Commune de la pĂȘche (PCP) l' objectif de la viabilitĂ© socio-Ă©conomique des pĂȘcheries exploitant la ressource doit Ă©galement ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©. Pour l'atteindre, les gestionnaires doivent dĂ©finir des unitĂ©s de gestion. Les partenaires du projet GEPETO, dĂ©finissent une unitĂ© de gestion (MU) comme l'ensemble des
flottes de pĂȘche exploitant un pool commun de ressources halieutiques disponibles dans des habitats communs, ce qui les rend trĂšs imbriquĂ©es.
En d'autres termes, un MU est l'ensemble des flottes de pĂȘche exploitant une communautĂ© de poissons ordinaires sur leur rĂ©partition spatiale. La MU peu ĂȘtre dĂ©finie par la communautĂ© de poissons, par la gamme spatiale de la distribution de la communautĂ© de poissons, et par l'ensemble des flottes de pĂȘche qui partagent l'exploitation de la communautĂ© de poissons
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