Estimating the effects of teen motherhood in Chile: a family fixed effects approach

We study the effect of adolescent motherhood on education and labor outcomes among 20-24 year old women in Chile. We identify causal effects of motherhood with family fixed effects using a large data set covering the 1990-2011 period. Teen motherhood has negative effects on education and labor outcomes, and timing of motherhood matters: teen births reduce education outcomes, while young motherhood reduces labor force participation. Labor outcome effects are present among the non-poor, and effects changed between 1990 and 2011. Results highlight the important role of adolescent motherhood in women’s human capital accumulation and income inequality

Global Networks of Trade and Bits

Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to produce detailed topologies of the Internet. Although Internet topology data have been brought to the attention of a wide and somewhat diverse audience of scholars, so far they have been overlooked by economists. In this paper, we suggest that such data could be effectively treated as a proxy to characterize the size of the "digital economy" at country level and outsourcing: thus, we analyse the topological structure of the network of trade in digital services (trade in bits) and compare it with that of the more traditional flow of manufactured goods across countries. To perform meaningful comparisons across networks with different characteristics, we define a stochastic benchmark for the number of connections among each country-pair, based on hypergeometric distribution. Original data are thus filtered by means of different thresholds, so that we only focus on the strongest links, i.e., statistically significant links. We find that trade in bits displays a sparser and less hierarchical network structure, which is more similar to trade in high-skill manufactured goods than total trade. Lastly, distance plays a more prominent role in shaping the network of international trade in physical goods than trade in digital services.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure

Interventions to prevent youth violence in Latin America: a systematic review

Objectives: This review aims to summarise evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent youth violence in Latin America. Methods: A systematic search on 13 academic databases was conducted to locate studies evaluating a primary or secondary prevention intervention in Latin America. Studies could use any type of quantitative design to assess outcomes related to youth violence. A search of websites, references and citation searching was also carried out. The quality of each study was assessed. Results: Nine studies were identified. Most documented positive effects of the interventions on the perception of youth violence present in the community/school. Evidence was found of a reduction in homicides and juvenile crimes in three studies, two of which evaluated a community-based intervention. There were mixed results for the self-report of participation on violent acts. The majority of the studies lacked of a rigorous design. Conclusions: Most of the interventions had some promising results, including the reduction of homicides within communities. Community-based programmes were the most consistent regarding an effectiveness to prevent violence. However, the evidence for Latin America is still scarce and relies on non-rigorously designed studies

Phenylketonuria in Portugal: Genotype-Phenotype Correlations Using Molecular, Biochemical, and Haplotypic Analyses

The impairment of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) causes elevation of phenylalanine levels in blood and other body fluids resulting in the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism (phenylketonuria). Persistently high levels of phenylalanine lead to irreversible damage to the nervous system. Therefore, early diagnosis of the affected individuals is important, as it can prevent clinical manifestations of the disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anticipation du mouvement d'un véhicule à l'approche d'une intersection

Les accidents se produisant en intersection peuvent être très illustratifs des problèmes rencontrés par les conducteurs pour analyser les informations visuelles. Ainsi, au cours d'un déplacement, l'environnement dans son ensemble paraît animé d'un mouvement de sens contraire au déplacement. Ce mouvement apparent, ou flux optique, suit un certain nombre de règles d'expansion liées à la nature de l'environnement et à la forme et vitesse du déplacement. La présence d'un élément réellement mobile perturbe localement ces règles d'expansion. La perturbation informe l'observateur en déplacement sur la présence du mouvement objectif mais peut le conduire à une mauvaise identification de l'élément mobile. En isolant l'information de flux optique, nous avons expérimentalement étudié les circonstances dans lesquelles l'observateur se montrait capable d'analyser mouvements apparents et réels

Anticipation du mouvement d'un véhicule à l'approche d'une intersection

Les accidents se produisant en intersection peuvent être très illustratifs des problèmes rencontrés par les conducteurs pour analyser les informations visuelles. Ainsi, au cours d'un déplacement, l'environnement dans son ensemble paraît animé d'un mouvement de sens contraire au déplacement. Ce mouvement apparent, ou flux optique, suit un certain nombre de règles d'expansion liées à la nature de l'environnement et à la forme et vitesse du déplacement. La présence d'un élément réellement mobile perturbe localement ces règles d'expansion. La perturbation informe l'observateur en déplacement sur la présence du mouvement objectif mais peut le conduire à une mauvaise identification de l'élément mobile. En isolant l'information de flux optique, nous avons expérimentalement étudié les circonstances dans lesquelles l'observateur se montrait capable d'analyser mouvements apparents et réels

Estimando los efectos de la maternidad adolescente en Chile mediante un modelo de efectos fijos a nivel de familia

We study the effect of adolescent motherhood on education and labor outcomes among 20-24 year old women in Chile. We identify causal effects of motherhood with family fixed effects using a large data set covering the 1990-2011 period. Teen motherhood has negative effects on education and labor outcomes, and timing of motherhood matters: teen births reduce education outcomes, while young motherhood reduces labor force participation. Labor outcome effects are present among the non-poor, and effects changed between 1990 and 2011. Results highlight the important role of adolescent motherhood in women’s human capital accumulation and income inequality.Estudiamos el efecto de la maternidad adolescente respecto de varios indicadores educacionales y laborales de mujeres de 20-24 años en Chile. Identificamos el efecto causal de la maternidad mediante un modelo de efecto fijo familiar, usando datos de hogares entre 1990 y 2011. La maternidad adolescente tiene efectos negativos en ambos tipos de indicadores, y el momento de la maternidad importa: embarazos adolescentes afectan indicadores educacionales, mientras que embarazos juveniles afectan participación laboral. El efecto en indicadores laborales es prevalente en madres de mayor ingreso y los efectos cambian entre 1990 y 2011. Los resultados destacan la importancia de la maternidad adolescente en la acumulación de capital humano y la desigualdad del ingreso

Synthesis and antitumor activity of some 8-substituted-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyrans

SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe