Opiate Drug Seeking and Addiction: The Influence of Sucrose Consumption on the Acquisition and Expression of Morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preferences (CPP)

Sucrose intake may lead to changes in brain and behavior similar to the effects of abused drugs. For example, sucrose may agonize endogenous opiate systems and modulate opiate-seeking behavior. Previous research reported equivocal outcomes where sucrose may either enhance (i.e., cross-sensitization) or attenuate (i.e., cross-tolerance) drug seeking as measured by morphine-induced CPP. The present experiment extends from past work and evaluated the impact of sucrose administered prior to place conditioning. Additionally, unique groups received sucrose prior to tests for CPP to measure sucrose influences on CPP expression. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were assigned to sucrose (15% w/v) or water pre-exposure conditions. Subsequently, subjects received morphine place conditioning where morphine (10mg/kg) was administered on the initially non-preferred side of the apparatus. Three post-tests were conducted and, prior to each test, animals within each pre-exposure group (sucrose or water) received either sucrose or water. Factorial ANOVA was used to analyze data. Results showed robust morphine-induced CPP. Although animals in the sucrose pre-exposure condition displayed enhanced CPP, the outcomes were not statistically significant. The present findings support the value of CPP techniques to measure opiate drug-seeking behavior. Future work may discover the sufficient conditions for detecting sucrose cross-sensitization of morphine CPP

Those who left and those who stay: work and life conditions in tucuman´s migrant households

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar y comprender los elementos que condicionan y hacen posible las migraciones laborales transitorias de trabajadoras/es tucumanas/os a Mendoza. La relevancia de la pregunta radica en que la migración temporaria para conseguir trabajo implica una serie de decisiones y/o iniciativas que ocasionan un proceso de transformación o adaptación de los grupos domésticos y se expresan en una reorganización que haga posible la migración. Nuestro interés es analizar el hogar en tanto unidad articuladora de estrategias laborales y de la participación económica de sus miembros. Así, nos hemos propuesto analizar la forma en que los grupos domésticos generan las condiciones que hacen posible la inserción laboral y/o la migración de algunos miembros del hogar entendiendo que el análisis de la organización de los hogares aclara las conexiones entre producción y reproducción como también los condicionamientos y tensiones entre ambos ámbitos.In this article we analyze and try to understand the elements that condition and make possible temporary labor migrations of tucuman´s workers to Mendoza. This is an important question because temporary migrations to get a job implies a certain number of decisions and initiatives that brought about change and adaptation process’s of domestic groups that are reflected in some reorganization which makes migration possible. Our interest is to analyze households as units that articulated labor strategies and economic participation of their memberships. Then, we propose to analyze the way domestic groups generates conditions that makes possible labor insertions or migration of household´s memberships understanding that household organization makes more clear the connection between production and reproduction and conditions and conflicts between both spaces.Fil: Berger, Enrique Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios E Investigaciones Laborales; ArgentinaFil: Jimenez, Dora Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios E Investigaciones Laborales; ArgentinaFil: Mingo Acuña Anzorena, Maria Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios E Investigaciones Laborales; Argentin

Caffeine affects the biological responses of human hematopoietic cells of myeloid lineage via downregulation of the mTOR pathway and xanthine oxidase activity

Correction of human myeloid cell function is crucial for the prevention of inflammatory and allergic reactions as well as leukaemia progression. Caffeine, a naturally occurring food component, is known to display anti-inflammatory effects which have previously been ascribed largely to its inhibitory actions on phosphodiesterase. However, more recent studies suggest an additional role in affecting the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a master regulator of myeloid cell translational pathways, although detailed molecular events underlying its mode of action have not been elucidated. Here, we report the cellular uptake of caffeine, without metabolisation, by healthy and malignant hematopoietic myeloid cells including monocytes, basophils and primary acute myeloid leukaemia mononuclear blasts. Unmodified caffeine downregulated mTOR signalling, which affected glycolysis and the release of pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenic cytokines as well as other inflammatory mediators. In monocytes, the effects of caffeine were potentiated by its ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase, an enzyme which plays a central role in human purine catabolism by generating uric acid. In basophils, caffeine also increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels which further enhanced its inhibitory action on mTOR. These results demonstrate an important mode of pharmacological action of caffeine with potentially wide-ranging therapeutic impact for treating non-infectious disorders of the human immune system, where it could be applied directly to inflammatory cells

Facilitating Effective Communication Between First Responders and Older Adults During Fall Incidents: An Educational Intervention

PURPOSE. The purpose of this project was to provide first responders with communication strategies for older adults that may help when responding to fall- related calls. General information was also provided to First Responders on working with older adults with a focus on the aging process, fall risk factors, and communications strategies. METHODS. A series of educational sessions to first responders at a local fire district were developed and presented by occupational therapy students. Materials were developed by presenters from evidence-based resources and tailored to the target population. Each presentation focused on statistics about older adults, the aging process, fall risk factors, and effective communication strategies for older adults. Each two hour presentation consisted of a lecture, role play, and a discussion period. RESULTS. Evaluations were completed by participants upon the conclusion of each educational presentation. Evaluations included rating the quality and information provided, and whether participants recommend this training to other first responders. The average rating was 92-98% which indicated participants strongly agree and the training was useful and would recommend it to other first responders. CONCLUSION. As the older adult population increases, more individuals wish to “age in place”, leading to an increased number of falls among older adults, and requiring emergency care from first responders. Information and communication strategies provided through educational presentations to first responders may help facilitate effective communication during an emergency call with an older adult and also prevent future falls. Collaboration with first responders can help occupational therapists develop new role regarding fall prevention and communication with older adults

Facilitating Effective Communication Between First Responders and Older Adults During Fall Incidents

PURPOSE. The purpose of this project was to provide first responders with communication strategies for older adults that may help when responding to fall- related calls. General information was also provided to First Responders on working with older adults with a focus on the aging process, fall risk factors, and communications strategies. METHODS. A series of educational sessions to first responders at a local fire district were developed and presented by occupational therapy students. Materials were developed by presenters from evidence-based resources and tailored to the target population. Each presentation focused on statistics about older adults, the aging process, fall risk factors, and effective communication strategies for older adults. Each two hour presentation consisted of a lecture, role play, and a discussion period. RESULTS. Evaluations were completed by participants upon the conclusion of each educational presentation. Evaluations included rating the quality and information provided, and whether participants recommend this training to other first responders. The average rating was 92-98% which indicated participants strongly agree and the training was useful and would recommend it to other first responders. CONCLUSION. As the older adult population increases, more individuals wish to “age in place”, leading to an increased number of falls among older adults, and requiring emergency care from first responders. Information and communication strategies provided through educational presentations to first responders may help facilitate effective communication during an emergency call with an older adult and also prevent future falls. Collaboration with first responders can help occupational therapists develop new role regarding fall prevention and communication with older adults.https://scholar.dominican.edu/ug-student-posters/1019/thumbnail.jp

Hallazgos preliminares

artículo (arbitrado)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en salud. 1987El sitio frágil del cromosoma X es la anomalía cromosómica más común, después de la trisomía 21, entre varones con retardo mental de etiología genética, y además se asocia con defjciencia mental en más de la mitad de los casos de mujeres portadoras. Este estudio en el primer intento de averiguar si sucede esto mismo en nuestro país, en una muestra de retardados mentales seleccionados. El tamizaje se está realizando en la Escuela de Enseñanza Especial "Fernando Centeno Güell" mediante análisis cromosómico de un mínimo de 100 figuras mitóticas de cada invididuo, obtenidas del cultivo por 92 horas, de sangre periférica en medio 199 suplemenúldo a l5% con suero fetal bovino. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos confIrman la presencia de este marcador cromosómico también entre nuestros retardados mentales y con una frecuencia (5%) similar a la informada en la literatura. las implicaciones concomitantes al diagnóstico del síndrome del X frágil son muy importantes en varios aspectos: la asesoría genética adecuada y oportuna podría preven.ir en muchos casos la concepción de individuos afectados, el tratamiento con ácido fólico parece promisorio y por último, existe la opción del diagnóstico fetal y prevención post-concepción.Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA

Frecuencia del síndrome del cromosoma X frágil en la Escuela de Enseñanza Especial "Fernando Centeno Güell"

Artículo científico -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud. 1996El sitio frágil en (X) (q27.3) es un marcador cromosómico pare un nuevo tipo de mutación genética. Se estima que el síndrome del cromosoma X frágil es la principal causa de deficiencia mental hereditaria y es casi tan frecuente coma el síndrome de Down. Objetivo: detectar por primera vez en Costa Rica la presencia de individuos portadores del sitio frágil en el cromosoma X entre retardados mentales seleccionados, estimar su frecuencia, definir sus características citogenéticas y fenotípicas y proporcionar asesoría genética a las familia Pacientes: Se trabajó con un grupo de alumnos de enseñanza especial de ambos sexos, con riesgo elevado de portar el marcador por historia familiar de retardo mental, aspecto clínico sugestivo y origen oscuro del mismo. Materiales y Métodos: Para el análisis citogenético se cultivo la sangre en médica deficiente en folatos durante 96 horas. Las preparaciones cromosómicas se bandearon levemente v se tamizaron de 50 a 100 células en varones y de 100 a 200 en mujeres. Resultados: Entre 90 alumnos de enseñanza especial estudiados, se detecto el cromosoma X frágil en cuatro varones y una niña. El retardo mental fue moderado severa en los varones y leve en la niña. Fueron comunes la hiperactividad, déficit atencional y varios rasgos autistas. La expresión del marcador oscilo entre 5,5% y 29%. Conclusión: el síndrome del cromosoma X frágil es también una causa importante de retardo mental y otras disfunciones en nuestro país.Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en SaludUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA

Polimorfismo del gen del receptor de la hormona de crecimiento. Crecimiento postnatal espontáneo en niños pequeños para la edad gestacional

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) mediates the effect of growth hormone (GH) on linear growth and metabolism. In humans, it exists as two isoforms differing by the retention or exclusion of exon 3; a full-length GHR isoform (GHRfl) and the exon 3-deleted isoform (GHRd3). The genotypic frequency of this polymorphism was analyzed in several studies and in different human populations. However scarce information in Argentinean population is available. Associations between GHRd3 and growth have been reported previously. Some studies have shown that the presence of GHRd3 polymorphism might be a potential variant that improves growth response to recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy in patients born small for gestational age (SGA), among others. However, over the years the results have been controversial and inconclusive. Based on this, it would be proposed that variants at the genomic level are not completely reflected at the mRNA level. Our aim was to evaluate the genotypic frequencies (%) of the GHR gene polymorphism (GHRfl/GHRfl; GHRfl/GHRd3; GHRd3/GHRd3) in normal Argentinean population (n = 94) and SGA patients (n = 65), and the expression of these polymorphisms at mRNA level in the fetal side of placenta tissues was analyzed. In addition, their association with spontaneous postnatal catch-up growth in SGA patients was also evaluated. In this study, we show a significant increment of compensatory growth in small for gestational age children (SGA) associated to the presence of the GHRd3 allele polymorphism. In addition, the expression of GHR in healthy placentas revealed that no alternative splicing mechanism occurs.Fil: Perez Garrido, Natalia Isabel. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Pujana, Matias. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Berger, Malena. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, Pablo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Guercio, Gabriela Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Hospital de Pediatra Garrahan; ArgentinaFil: Belgorosky, Alicia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Roxana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; Argentin

Diagnóstico y tamizaje del retardo mental hereditario más común, situación en Costa Rica

El síndrome del cromosoma X frágil (FRAXA) es la segunda causa genética de retardo mental y la forma más frecuente de retardo mental hereditario. FRAXA es causante de discapacidades que van desde grados variables de problemas de aprendizaje hasta retardo mental. Con frecuencia se asocian retrasos severos en el lenguaje, problemas de conducta, comportamiento semejante al autista, testículos agrandados, orejas grandes o prominentes, hiperactividad, retraso en el desarrollo motor y deficiente integración sensorial. Se hace un resumen del conocimiento actual de esta patología y del trabajo de los autores. Se tocan temas como el producto génico, los métodos de diagnóstico, el cuadro clínico, la epidemiología, la prevención, el tratamiento, el tamizaje y la situación en Costa Rica.Fragile X syndrome (FRAXA) is the most common type of hereditary mental retardation, and the second commonest with genetic origin. The range of affection in FRAXA includes from learning problems to mental retardation. The syndrome includes speech and language deficits, abnormal behaviours, including autistic features, macro orchidism, prominent ears, hyperactivity, sensorial integration and motor impairments. Actual data and the authors own work is reviewed. Topics approached are the gene product, diagnostic methodology, clinical picture, epidemiology, prevention, screening and the actual situation in Costa Rica regarding this pathology.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA