Effect of mechanical activation on the composition if mineral components in humic acids isolated from carbons

It is shown that the mechanical activation of oxidized and brown coals is accompanied by an increase in the yield of humic acids and in their content of functional groups. It was demonstrated by atomic-emission spectroscopy that, under a high-intensity mechanical treatment, mineral elements are redistributed in the coal substance and incorporated into the structure of humic acids

Universal Situation as a Literary-Semantic Phenomenon: On the Example of Works by N.S. Leskov

The starting point of the research was the understanding of the fact that a literary work is created and exists in a particular social and cultural area and that a writer is guided by existential universals, eternal themes, motives, images, typological genre components and poetical means. The individual style of an author is revealed by the presentation of universal situations and his perception of them. In the works by N.S. Leskov the key universal situations are transfiguration of a person and the world by a righteous man, leaving home and a comeback, deception. The realization of a universal situation of transfiguration of the world and a man are impossible without some righteous activity performed by characters. Righteous characters are able to increase their spiritual grace and with the help of it to transfigure space and time, the world and mankind. The situation of leaving and coming back home is connected with Leskov’s idea that a home is a place which is full of peace, coziness. It correlates with the concept of a home in Russian culture and is the basis of the author’s world vision peculiarities. Referring to such situation the writer illustrates the degradation of a person who has lost his home as well as his renunciation of roots and loss of moral landmarks. The universal situation of deception in Leskov’s Christmas tales has an effect of a distorting mirror, a change in value landmarks (from material and spiritual), moral lesson that highlights the axiological perception of the writer. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s7p9

Assessment of antioxidant properties of grain concentrate and oxidant-antioxidant status pigs after its inclusion in ration feeding

A grain concentrate was developed for use in bread baking based on whole-ground fermented wheat grain, to enhance that the beneficial properties have fermented wholegrain buckwheat grains in an amount of 20% by weight of the fermented wheat. For the fermentation of grain used dry complex enzyme preparation comprising cellulose, &beta;-glucanase and xylanase (producing Penicillin canescens), dissolved in a buffer based on succinic acid. Under the action of the drug, the micro structure surface of grain was changed. It is established that the character of the change in surface micro structure of wheat and buckwheat grain is the same. The results of the study of the content of vitamin E, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in wheat grains, buckwheat and grain concentrate are obtained by different technologies. The results show that grain concentrates from wheat grain with the addition of 20% buckwheat grains prepared using a solution of enzyme preparation of cellulolytic action in a buffer, based on succinic acid has a high antioxidant activity. As a biological model for studying changes oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism under stress when included in a diet designed grain concentrate, used pigs, that are under stress, caused by weaning them from sows and transportation. Investigated the following parameters oxidant-antioxidant status of the organism pigs: the level of malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin, vitamins A, E and C in the blood of animals. It is concluded that, to improve the oxidative status of the piglets after weaning period recommended addition of concentrate fodder ration of grain wheat and buckwheat prepared using a solution of an enzyme preparation buffered cellulolytic action on the basis of succinic acid. The developed grain concentrate can be used for making the manufacture of cereal products, including grain bread included in the diet of people who live in conditions of oxidative stress.</div

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All collapsed and paired-end sequence data for samples sequenced in this study are available in compressed fastq format through the European Nucleotide Archive under accession number PRJEB44430, together with rescaled and trimmed bam sequence alignments against both the nuclear and mitochondrial horse reference genomes. Previously published ancient data used in this study are available under accession numbers PRJEB7537, PRJEB10098, PRJEB10854, PRJEB22390 and PRJEB31613, and detailed in Supplementary Table 1. The genomes of ten modern horses, publicly available, were also accessed as indicated in their corresponding original publications57,61,85-87.NOTE: see the published version available via the DOI in this record for the full list of authorsDomestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture

Methods of assessing the paying capacity of an agricultural firm considering the operating mode

In Economic operators Finance theory they have described many models and approaches to assessing the criteria of a firm’s ability to be liable for its debts to the contractors. Despite the fact that the issue of submitting to payment discipline is extremely important nowadays, in practice these approaches and models are used in checking the potential paying capacity either of the contractor or of one’s own firm. The main issue consists in the fact that many rather dogmatic criteria used in the process actually do not lead to accurate results, thus resulting in quite the opposite conclusions due to their abstractedness, as well as to ‘uncertainty’ of the input data. The aim of the paper is to show the ways of calculating one of the key and the most currently used criterion of paying capacity – the absolute liquidity ratio. The paper considers advantages and disadvantages of the already existing approaches, analyzes the results of a negligent approach to payment capacity analysis by the example of calculating the criterion in question. The theoretical background is offered for practical approbation of the viability of the method offered in the paper. The practical part offers a set of successive calculations, shows the algorithm of the calculations according to the method in question

Language as a consolidating factor of ethnic identity of the russian germans

The article aims at identifying the attributes of ethnic identity and ethnic concepts of minority groups living in the territory of the Russian Federation, in particular, the Russian Germans living in the city of Glazov and the Vyatka-Kama region. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand and to study the shared characteristics of the ethnic identity of the German ethnic group: national self-awareness, preservation and revival of the ethnic culture and traditions, language preservation. The materials of the research are the tape recordings of unprepared German and Russian speech which were made during dialectological and ethnographic expeditions to Glazov. The speech of three informants is analyzed in the study. Nine main parameters of the ethnic identity are examined in relation to the Russian Germans of Glazov: common history, common territory, religion, living environment, family background, folklore, behavior standards, mentality of the ethnic group, and the common language. The language is described in more detail in the study. The results of the study suggest that the ethnic identity of the Russian Germans in question is a changing dynamic category. In our opinion, the language is the most important consolidating factor of the cultural integrity of an ethnic group, an instrument for sharing culturally important information and experience; so it is one of the core parameters of ethnic identity of the Russian Germans living in Glazov. This article will be of interest to researchers in the field of German dialectology and German speech islands.O artigo tem como objetivo identificar os atributos de identidade étnica e conceitos étnicos de grupos minoritários residentes no território da Federação Russa, em particular, os russos alemães residentes na cidade de Glazov e na região de Vyatka-Kama. A relevância do estudo é determinada pela necessidade de compreender e estudar as características comuns da identidade étnica do grupo étnico alemão: autoconsciência nacional, preservação e revivificação da cultura e tradições étnicas, preservação da língua. Os materiais da pesquisa são as gravações em fita do discurso alemão e russo despreparado, feitas durante expedições dialetológicas e etnográficas a Glazov. A fala de três informantes é analisada no estudo. Nove parâmetros principais da identidade étnica são examinados em relação aos russos-alemães de Glazov: história comum, território comum, religião, ambiente de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, padrões de comportamento, mentalidade do grupo étnico e a língua comum. A linguagem é descrita com mais detalhes no estudo. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que a identidade étnica dos russos-alemães em questão é uma categoria dinâmica em mudança. Em nossa opinião, a língua é o mais importante fator de consolidação da integridade cultural de uma etnia, um instrumento de compartilhamento de informações e experiências culturalmente importantes; portanto, é um dos parâmetros centrais da identidade étnica dos russos-alemães que vivem em Glazov. Este artigo será de interesse para pesquisadores no campo da dialetologia alemã e das ilhas de fala alemãs.El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los atributos de la identidad étnica y los conceptos étnicos de los grupos minoritarios que viven en el territorio de la Federación de Rusia, en particular, los alemanes rusos que viven en la ciudad de Glazov y la región de Vyatka-Kama. La relevancia del estudio está determinada por la necesidad de comprender y estudiar las características compartidas de la identidad étnica del grupo étnico alemán: autoconciencia nacional, preservación y renacimiento de la cultura y tradiciones étnicas, preservación del idioma. Los materiales de la investigación son las grabaciones en cinta de habla alemana y rusa sin preparación que se hicieron durante las expediciones dialectológicas y etnográficas a Glazov. En el estudio se analiza el discurso de tres informantes. Se examinan nueve parámetros principales de la identidad étnica en relación con los alemanes rusos de Glazov: historia común, territorio común, religión, entorno de vida, antecedentes familiares, folclore, normas de comportamiento, mentalidad del grupo étnico y el idioma común. El idioma se describe con más detalle en el estudio. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos en cuestión es una categoría dinámica cambiante. En nuestra opinión, el idioma es el factor de consolidación más importante de la integridad cultural de un grupo étnico, un instrumento para compartir información y experiencias de importancia cultural; por lo que es uno de los parámetros centrales de la identidad étnica de los alemanes rusos que viven en Glazov. Este artículo será de interés para los investigadores en el campo de la dialectología alemana y las islas de habla alemana

A proposed assessment method for image of regional educational institutions

Market of educational services in the current Russian economic conditions is a complex of a huge variety of educational institutions. Market of educational services is already experiencing a significant influence of the demographic situation in Russia. This means that higher education institutions are forced to fight in a tough competition for high school students. Increased competition in the educational market forces universities to find new methods of non-price competition in attraction of potential students and throughout own educational and economic activities. Commercialization of education places universities in a single plane with commercial companies who study a positive perception of the image and reputation as a competitive advantage, which is quite acceptable for use in strategic and current activities of higher education institutions to ensure the competitiveness of educational services and educational institution in whole. Nevertheless, due to lack of evidence-based proposals in this area there is a need for scientific research in terms of justification of organizational and methodological aspects of image use as a factor in the competitiveness of the higher education institution. Theoretically and practically there are different methods and ways of evaluating the company’s image. The article provides a comparative assessment of the existing valuation methods of corporate image and the author’s method of estimating the image of higher education institutions based on the key influencing factors. The method has been tested on the Vyatka State Agricultural Academy (Russia). The results also indicate the strengths and weaknesses of the institution, highlights ways of improving, and adjusts the efforts for image improvement

A proposed assessment method for image of regional educational institutions

Market of educational services in the current Russian economic conditions is a complex of a huge variety of educational institutions. Market of educational services is already experiencing a significant influence of the demographic situation in Russia. This means that higher education institutions are forced to fight in a tough competition for high school students. Increased competition in the educational market forces universities to find new methods of non-price competition in attraction of potential students and throughout own educational and economic activities. Commercialization of education places universities in a single plane with commercial companies who study a positive perception of the image and reputation as a competitive advantage, which is quite acceptable for use in strategic and current activities of higher education institutions to ensure the competitiveness of educational services and educational institution in whole. Nevertheless, due to lack of evidence-based proposals in this area there is a need for scientific research in terms of justification of organizational and methodological aspects of image use as a factor in the competitiveness of the higher education institution. Theoretically and practically there are different methods and ways of evaluating the company’s image. The article provides a comparative assessment of the existing valuation methods of corporate image and the author’s method of estimating the image of higher education institutions based on the key influencing factors. The method has been tested on the Vyatka State Agricultural Academy (Russia). The results also indicate the strengths and weaknesses of the institution, highlights ways of improving, and adjusts the efforts for image improvement

Effect of mechanical activation on the composition if mineral components in humic acids isolated from carbons

It is shown that the mechanical activation of oxidized and brown coals is accompanied by an increase in the yield of humic acids and in their content of functional groups. It was demonstrated by atomic-emission spectroscopy that, under a high-intensity mechanical treatment, mineral elements are redistributed in the coal substance and incorporated into the structure of humic acids