DRIVERS OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND ROLE OF TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP-CASE OF PAKISTANI BANKING SECTOR

The purpose of the article: This research explored and contributes to the leadership literature by investigating the influence of transactional leadership over employee engagement at certain banks located in KPK and Punjab province of Pakistan. It observes the influence of main aspects i-e contingent reward, active management by exception (MBE active) on worker’s regular job commitmentMaterials and methods: This distinctive combination of leadership behaviors are compared with attention given specifically to everyday work settings. Twenty banks are selected involving 180 employees. Questionnaires and interviews are conducted to collect data.Results of the research: The relationships among variables are examined through the Spearman Rank-order correlation coefficient.  The moderating effects associated with corporate culture are observed by employing multiple regression analyses. A positive and significant relationship is revealed between transactional management and chosen variables except “passive management by exemption”. It is safely predicted that employee job satisfaction can be greatly elevated through transactional leadership. It is established that “contingent reward” and “active management by exemption” improve worker's engagement in contrast to passive management by exemption. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Drivers of Employee Engagement and Role of Transactional Leadership-Case of Pakistani Banking Sector is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY OF RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN FISH FARMING IN OWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA.

 Objective: The study assessed resource-use efficiency among fish farmers in Owo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria.Methods: A multi stage sampling technique was used to select 50 fish farmers for the study. Data were collected during 2013 production cycle. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of variables determining the quantity of fish harvested. Allocative efficiency of resources used in raising fish was determined using marginal value product and marginal factor cost.Results: Significant determinants of the quantity of fish harvested at the end of the production cycle were fish seeds (0.647) and the quantity of feeds used (0.339). The two productive resources were significant at 0.01 probability level. The values of allocative efficiency of all the inputs used indicated that pond size (7.041) and fish seeds (11.500) were under-utilized while labour (0.705) was over-utilized; only feeds (1.032) were optimally utilized during fish production process.Conclusion: Under-utilized resources should be optimally used in order to obtain the best possible output. Excessive use of labour should be reduced so as to cut cost of production and increase profit margin. It is also recommended that fish farmer's capacity should be developed through regular training on how to allocate productive resources efficiently

Влияние трансформационного лидерства на организационную и лидерскую эффективность: эмпирический пример Пакистана

Modern dynamic era and today’s cognizant society compels the new leaders to face real challenges for leaders around the globe; based on the strong ties of knowledge integration companies focus on nurturing innovation for survival and strive for improvements to compete and sustain in the market. However, organizations sometimes fail to achieve viable competitive advantage due to their limited understanding of the relationships amid these premeditated variables. This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership on organizational performance; employing organizational innovation as the mediating role. The study explores that the relationship between “transformational leadership” and “organizational performance” is convincing. “Convenience sampling techniques” are employed to gather information i.e. data is collected by using questionnaire employed to evaluate transformational leaders. Questionnaires consist of 25 question items have been distributed among multiple tier leaders working in MIA Group and is subsequently analyzed by using SPSS. The current research will assist the managers/leading role professionals to develop a required leadership style in one's organizations. Most of the organizations require an environment where employees are encouraged by motivated leaders and become more effective and creative in leading successful organizations. Further, it provides persuasive evidence for the significance of continuing the efforts to understand the nature of the leadership behaviors-effectiveness connection.La era dinámica moderna y la sociedad consciente de hoy obliga a los nuevos líderes a enfrentar desafíos reales para los líderes de todo el mundo; basadas en los fuertes lazos de integración de conocimiento, las empresas se centran en fomentar la innovación para la supervivencia y se esfuerzan por mejorar para competir y mantenerse en el mercado. Sin embargo, las organizaciones a veces no logran una ventaja competitiva viable debido a su comprensión limitada de las relaciones en medio de estas variables premeditadas. Este estudio investiga el impacto del liderazgo transformacional en el desempeño organizacional; Empleando la innovación organizativa como el papel mediador. El estudio explora que la relación entre "liderazgo transformacional" y "desempeño organizacional" es convincente. Las "técnicas de muestreo de conveniencia" se emplean para recopilar información, es decir, los datos se recopilan mediante el cuestionario empleado para evaluar a los líderes transformacionales. Los cuestionarios consisten en 25 preguntas que se han distribuido entre líderes de múltiples niveles que trabajan en el Grupo MIA y se analizan posteriormente mediante el uso de SPSS. La investigación actual ayudará a los gerentes / profesionales de rol líder a desarrollar un estilo de liderazgo requerido en las organizaciones de uno. La mayoría de las organizaciones requieren un entorno donde los empleados estén motivados por líderes motivados y sean más efectivos y creativos para liderar organizaciones exitosas. Además, proporciona evidencia persuasiva de la importancia de continuar los esfuerzos para comprender la naturaleza de la conexión entre el comportamiento y la eficacia del liderazgo.Современная динамичная эпоха и современное сознательное общество заставляют новых лидеров сталкиваться с реальными проблемами для лидеров во всем мире; Основываясь на прочных связях в области интеграции знаний, компании сосредоточены на развитии инноваций для выживания и стремятся к улучшениям, чтобы конкурировать и поддерживать на рынке. Однако организациям иногда не удается добиться жизнеспособного конкурентного преимущества из-за их ограниченного понимания взаимоотношений среди этих преднамеренных переменных. Это исследование исследует влияние трансформационного лидерства на организационные показатели; использование организационных инноваций в качестве посреднической роли. В исследовании исследуется, что связь между «трансформационным лидерством» и «эффективностью организации» является убедительной. «Удобные методы выборки» используются для сбора информации, то есть данные собираются с использованием вопросника, используемого для оценки лидеров трансформации. Анкеты состоят из 25 вопросов, которые были распределены среди лидеров нескольких уровней, работающих в MIA Group, и впоследствии анализируются с использованием SPSS. Текущее исследование поможет менеджерам / ведущим специалистам по ролям выработать необходимый стиль руководства в своих организациях. Большинству организаций требуется среда, в которой мотивированные лидеры поощряют сотрудников и становятся более эффективными и креативными в ведущих успешных организациях. Кроме того, он предоставляет убедительные доказательства значимости продолжения усилий по пониманию природы связи между поведением и эффективностью руководства

Knowledge Management Practices and Transformational Leadership Traits: Predicting Process Innovation in FMCG Industry

Organizations in the current competitive and challenging situation considered organizational process innovation to sustain themselves with competitive advantage and provisioning of high value products to consumers. The current study investigates the role of transformational leadership traits and knowledge management practices on predicting the process innovation in FMCG companies. Data has been collected from the 10 FMCG companies located in major two cities i.e. Lahore and Karachi, Pakistan. Sample of 200 top line managers have been selected by convenience sampling method and adapted itemized questionnaire has been presented to the top management after a brief session of face to face interviews. Response of 170 top line employees has been registered and statistical testing has been done on SPSS 22. Results indicated that the transformational leadership traits has significantly positive impact on process innovation which effectively expedites the production efficiency of manufacturing units. The knowledge management practices such as acquisition, transfer and application has strong and positively significant association with process innovation. The knowledge management practices positively mediates with transformational leadership traits and resultantly lays foundation for continuous process improvement to survive in market. This conceptual model practically helps the production and manufacturing companies to nurture positive change management attitudes, decreasing production time, expanding products range, development of skills needed to advocate and adopt change, employee involvement, commitment and benefits of large scale economy. This study is limited to FMCGs in major cities and can be expanded to services industry and test the conceptual model

L’exemple illustratif comme ingrédient microstructurel essentiel d’un dictionnaire monolingue

Agzul Amagrad-u issawal s imediaten imsendlen, yutfen uk amawal n tmaziɤt s tmaziɤt. Illa iqeyyed i ddirast n tulmisin agd ddawr nsen i lmumarast n tseknawalt. Ad illin usn tt suk ugriw nix s lexdemt n umaseknawal, tɛawanen anelmad ad issen umeslaya, as issexdem, ad ilmed zzis tutlayt agd timẓrin n idles. Uk fettet n tmaziɤt agd ččeqlalat n’ujmaɛ n-nixtilafat nnes, tutlayt alla nexleq d rkizet n’umawal, d ten itwaxedmen mliḥ, ten iɛelmen ugriw n tira/awal… Abstract This article focuses on illustrative examples embedded in an Amazigh monolingual dictionary. It is limited to examining their characteristics and functions in pedagogical lexicographic practice. Whether from a corpus or forged by the lexicographer, they help the learner to understand an unknown word, to use it and to learn, through him, language and culture in general. In the still current crumbling of amazigh language and the difficulty of covering all its varieties, the linguistic variety, supporting the monolingual dictionary, is that having been the subject of lexicographical description and have a body of oral and written repertoire....Key words: illustrative example, monolingual dictionary, lexical entry, variety, microstructure

The impact of cancer incidence on catastrophic health expenditure in Iran with a Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis

Background : We investigated the impact of cancer incidence on CHE in Iran by considering spatial variation across provinces as well as temporal trends. Methods : Data from Household Income-Expenditure Survey were merged with cancer incidence rates during 2011-2016. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of CHE and its associated factors at provincial level. We used a Besag-York-Mollie2 prior and a random walk prior for spatial and temporal random effects respectively. All statistical analysis was carried out in R software. Results : All-type cancer incidence (OR per SD (95% CrI) = 1.16 (1.02, 1.32)), unemployment rate (1.08 (1.01, 1.15)) and income equity (0.88 (0.81, 0.97)) have important association with CHE. Percentage of urbanization and percentage of poverty were not statistically significant. Conclusion : The results suggest the development of new policies to protect cancer patients against financial hardship, narrow the gap in income inequality and solve the problem of high unemployment rate to reduce the level of CHE at provincial level.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Alkaloid inspired spirocyclic oxindoles from 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pyridinium ylides

Cycloaddition reactions between pyridinium ylides and 3-alkenyl oxindoles that proceed in high yield and with very good regio- and diastereoselectivity are reported. The resulting cycloadducts have the same stereochemistry of biologically active oxindole alkaloids, such as strychnofoline