Estudio de digénidos de peces marinos del sur de la Península Ibérica

Se han estudiado un total de 492 hospedadores pertenecientes a 72 especies de peces marinos, todos procedentes de la plataforma continental que bordea el sur de la Península Ibérica. Como resultado de este trabajo se han localizado en el aparato digestivo de estos hospedadores 39 especies de Digenea. De ellas, Stephanostomum bicoronatum, (Stossich, 1883) Manter, 1940, Parahemiurus merus, (Linton, 1910) Manter, 1940, Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953, Bacciger israelensis Fischtha1, 1980, Promnoprymna ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1819) Poche, 1926, Haploporus benedenii (Stossich, 1887) Looss, 1902, Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt, 1829) Looss, 1902, Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902, y Genolopa ampullacea Linton, 1910 se citan por primera vez en la península Ibérica. Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) Nasir y Díaz, 1971, Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901, Lecithochirium fusiforme Lühe, 1901, Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907 y Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899, en las costas de Andalucia. Stephanostomum minutum en el Mediterráneo peninsular. Wardulla capitel/ata (Rudolphi, 1819) Poche, 1926 y Deropristis inflata en el Atlántico peninsular. Además, con el presente trabajo se amplía considerablemente el espectro de hospedadores de algunas de las especies parásitas estudiadas. Así Halobatrachus didactylus es nuevo hospedador para Stephanostomum minutum (Looss, 1901) Manter, 1940, Anisocladium fallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1902 y Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1900. Bothus podas para Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901 y Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784) Looss, 1901. Solea sp. para Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) Nasir y Díaz, 1971. Trachinotus ovatus para Synaptobothrium caudiporum (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1907. Scorpaena scrofa para Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953. Belone belone para Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899. Dicentrarchus punctatus para Acanthostomum imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Gohar, 1934 y Bucephalus baeri Maillard, 1976. y Echiichthys vipera para Anisocladiumfallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1902 y Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1900A total of 492 host of72 diferent species ofmarine fishes were colleted from the Sourth Iberian Peninsula coast and their tract digest were examined. We have identified 39 species ofDigenea. Stephanostomum bicoronatum, (Stossich, 1883) Manter, 1940, Parahemiurus merus, (Linton, 1910) Manter, 1940, Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953, Bacciger israelensis Fischthal, 1980, Promnoprymna ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1819) Po che, 1926, Haploporus benedenii (Stossich, 1887) Looss, 1902, Haplosplanchnus pachysomus (Eysenhardt, 1829) Looss, 1902, Saccocoelium obesum Looss, 1902, and Genolopa ampullacea Linton, 1910, have not previously been reported from Iberian Peninsula. Furthermore, Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) Nasir y Díaz, 1971, Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901, Lecithochirium fusiforme Lühe, 1901, Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907 and Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899, are reported for the first time in Andalucian coast; Stephanostomum minutum in the spanish mediterranean coast and finally, Wardulla capitellata (Rudolphi, 1819) Poche, 1926 and Deropristis inflata in the Atlántic peninsular. In this paper, we have thoroughly widened the host range for sorne of the species here studied. So, Halobatrachus didactylus is a new host for Stephanostomum minutum (Looss, 1901) Manter, 1940, Anisocladiumfallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1902 and Anisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1900. Bothus podas for Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901 and Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784) Looss, 1901. Solea sp. for Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) Nasir y Díaz, 1971. Trachinotus ova tus for Synaptobothrium caudiporum (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1907. Scorpaena scrofa for Derogenes latus Janiszewska, 1953. Belone belone for Tergestia laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Stossich, 1899. Dicentrarchus punctatus for Acanthostomum imbutiforme (Molin, 1859) Gohar, 1934 and Bucephalus baeri Maillard, 1976. Echiichthys vipera for Anisocladiumfallax (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1902 andAnisocoelium capitellatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 190

La formacion del arquitecto ante la conservacion del patrimonio

El trabajo del futuro arquitecto, ocasionalmente involucra edificaciones históricas reconocidas como bienes patrimoniales, elementos de identidad de grupos sociales, cuyos valores se deben preservar, los criterios para intervenirlas pueden estar bien cimentados desde su formación como arquitecto; así, aunque no cuente con especialización en conservación o restauración, tendrá bases teóricas y conocimientos técnicos que le permitían valorarla e intervenirla responsablemente. Algunas intervenciones en el patrimonio, sí bien denotan el trabajo de un arquitecto, evidencia poco conocimiento de la historia de la ciudad, de la arquitectura como un hecho social y expresión cultural, de aspectos legales que procuran su defensa y ante la poca experiencia constructiva que le permitiera seleccionar las técnicas adecuadas para intervenir, el patrimonio se vuelve vulnerable. Es importante entonces que se fomente en el futuro arquitecto, interés por la historia, la cultura, las expresiones artísticas, los materiales y sistemas constructivos tradicionales y modernos, que le permitan apreciar y reconocer la importancia de las obras materiales pretéritas y como conservarlas. Presentamos en el siguiente trabajo una serie de reflexiones sobre la formación inicial en el campo de la conservación del patrimonio edificado en la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México

Epidemiologia del parasitismo intestinal infantil en el valle del Guadalquivir, España

BACKGROUND : Intestinal parasitisms represents a public health problem that should be periodically assessed in each region. In the present paper, a study about prevalence of intestinal parasites, has been carried out in children from the natural region of the Guadalquivir Valley. METHODS: During the period 1994-1996, 1.917 children without symptoms, aging between 6 and 10, were studied by means of coprologycal analysis and Graham method, all of them living in 20 villages in the Guadalquivir valley. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitisms have been of 27,12%. The reported parasites and their prevalence are as follows: Enterobius vermicularis (20,44%), Giardia lamblia (5,05%), Entamoeba coli (2,45%), Endolimax nana (1,61%), Entamoeba histolytica (0,31%), Entamoeba hartmanni (0,05%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (0,05%). CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites is similar to that found in other spanish region, if only a little bit more favourable probably due to the long lasting drought and the improvements in health resourses, no geohelmints have been detected unlike other protozoosis, giardiasis mantains a relatively high prevalence.FUNDAMENTO: Las parasitosis intestinales en los niños constituyen un problema de salud pública que debe ser valorado periódicamente en cada región. En este trabajo se aborda, por primera vez en la región natural del Valle del Guadalquivir, un estudio amplio sobre la prevalencia del parasitismo intestinal en la población infantil de la zona. MÉTODOS: Durante el período 1994-1996, mediante análisis coprológico y método de Graham, se ha estudiado a 1.917 niños y niñas asintomáticos, con edades comprendidas entre seis y diez años, residentes en veinte localidades del Valle del Guadalquivir. RESULTADOS: El índice global de parasitación ha sido del 27,12 %. Las especies parásitas detectadas, así como sus prevalencias fueron: Enterobius vermicularis (20,44%), Giardia lamblia (5,05%), Entamoeba coli (2,45%), Endolimax nana (1,61%), Entamoeba histolytica (0,31%), Entamoeba hartmanni (0,05%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (0,05%). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia global encontrada es similar a la de otras regiones españolas, aunque quizás pueda considerarse algo más favorable. No se detectan geohelmintos, debido posiblemente a la mejora de la infraestructura higiénico-sanitaria y a los efectos de la prolongada sequía en la zona. La giardiasis, a diferencia de las restantes protozoosis, mantiene una prevalencia relativamente alta

Recommendations for ophthalmologic practice during the easing of COVID-19 control measures

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides recommendations for medical eye care during the easing of control measures after lockdown. The guidelines presented are based on a literature review and consensus among all Spanish Ophthalmology Societies regarding protection measures recommended for the ophthalmologic care of patients with or without confirmed COVID-19 in outpatient, inpatient, emergency and surgery settings. We recommend that all measures be adapted to the circumstances and availability of personal protective equipment at each centre and also highlight the need to periodically update recommendations as we may need to readopt more restrictive measures depending on the local epidemiology of the virus. These guidelines are designed to avoid the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among both patients and healthcare staff as we gradually return to normal medical practice, to prevent postoperative complications and try to reduce possible deficiencies in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the ophthalmic diseases. With this update (5th) the Spanish Society of Ophthalmology is placed as one of the major ophthalmology societies providing periodic and systematized recommendations for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 pandemic

Evolution after Anti-TNF Discontinuation in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Long-Term Follow-Up Study

OBJECTIVES:The aims of this study were to assess the risk of relapse after discontinuation of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), to identify the factors associated with relapse, and to evaluate the overcome after retreatment with the same anti-TNF in those who relapsed.METHODS:This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter study. IBD patients who had been treated with anti-TNFs and in whom these drugs were discontinued after clinical remission was achieved were included.RESULTS:A total of 1, 055 patients were included. The incidence rate of relapse was 19% and 17% per patient-year in Crohn''s disease and ulcerative colitis patients, respectively. In both Crohn''s disease and ulcerative colitis patients in deep remission, the incidence rate of relapse was 19% per patient-year. The treatment with adalimumab vs. infliximab (hazard ratio (HR)=1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01-1.66), elective discontinuation of anti-TNFs (HR=1.90; 95% CI=1.07-3.37) or discontinuation because of adverse events (HR=2.33; 95% CI=1.27-2.02) vs. a top-down strategy, colonic localization (HR=1.51; 95% CI=1.13-2.02) vs. ileal, and stricturing behavior (HR=1.5; 95% CI=1.09-2.05) vs. inflammatory were associated with a higher risk of relapse in Crohn''s disease patients, whereas treatment with immunomodulators after discontinuation (HR=0.67; 95% CI=0.51-0.87) and age (HR=0.98; 95% CI=0.97-0.99) were protective factors. None of the factors were predictive in ulcerative colitis patients. Retreatment of relapse with the same anti-TNF was effective (80% responded) and safe.CONCLUSIONS:The incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease relapse after anti-TNF discontinuation is relevant. Some predictive factors of relapse after anti-TNF withdrawal have been identified. Retreatment with the same anti-TNF drug was effective and safe

El derecho del trabajo y de la seguridad social en España en 2014

Este documento intenta reflejar algunos de los principales cambios y novedades del ordenamiento laboral español en 2014, levantando acta de cómo la mutabilidad de nuestro Derecho del Trabajo es imparable. Este informe, consciente de ello, ofrece una selección de elementos esenciales, a juicio de sus autores, especialistas en cada una de las materias, encuadrados en la Sección Juvenil de la Asociación Española de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social. En él, conforme a la organización de dicha Sección en grupos de trabajo, se abordan las novedades más relevantes en materia de derechos fundamentales inespecíficos, contratación laboral, vicisitudes del contrato de trabajo, Derecho colectivo, conciliación y corresponsabilidad, protección social y prevención de riesgos laborales. This paper tries to show some of the many changes and novelties in Spanish Labour Law during 2014, drawing up a record of the unstoppable character of our Labour legal system. This report offers a selection of essential elements, according to its authors, all of them specialists in each one of the subjects, being part of the Young Scholars’ Section of the Spanish Association for Labour and Social Security Law. According to the organization of the said Section in working groups, we can find novelties concerning unspecific fundamental rights, work contracts, the life of the work contract and collective Labour Law, work-life balance and co responsibility, social protection and occupational risk prevention

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Genetic Testing to Inform Epilepsy Treatment Management From an International Study of Clinical Practice

IMPORTANCE: It is currently unknown how often and in which ways a genetic diagnosis given to a patient with epilepsy is associated with clinical management and outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how genetic diagnoses in patients with epilepsy are associated with clinical management and outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients referred for multigene panel testing between March 18, 2016, and August 3, 2020, with outcomes reported between May and November 2020. The study setting included a commercial genetic testing laboratory and multicenter clinical practices. Patients with epilepsy, regardless of sociodemographic features, who received a pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant were included in the study. Case report forms were completed by all health care professionals. EXPOSURES: Genetic test results. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Clinical management changes after a genetic diagnosis (ie, 1 P/LP variant in autosomal dominant and X-linked diseases; 2 P/LP variants in autosomal recessive diseases) and subsequent patient outcomes as reported by health care professionals on case report forms. RESULTS: Among 418 patients, median (IQR) age at the time of testing was 4 (1-10) years, with an age range of 0 to 52 years, and 53.8% (n = 225) were female individuals. The mean (SD) time from a genetic test order to case report form completion was 595 (368) days (range, 27-1673 days). A genetic diagnosis was associated with changes in clinical management for 208 patients (49.8%) and usually (81.7% of the time) within 3 months of receiving the result. The most common clinical management changes were the addition of a new medication (78 [21.7%]), the initiation of medication (51 [14.2%]), the referral of a patient to a specialist (48 [13.4%]), vigilance for subclinical or extraneurological disease features (46 [12.8%]), and the cessation of a medication (42 [11.7%]). Among 167 patients with follow-up clinical information available (mean [SD] time, 584 [365] days), 125 (74.9%) reported positive outcomes, 108 (64.7%) reported reduction or elimination of seizures, 37 (22.2%) had decreases in the severity of other clinical signs, and 11 (6.6%) had reduced medication adverse effects. A few patients reported worsening of outcomes, including a decline in their condition (20 [12.0%]), increased seizure frequency (6 [3.6%]), and adverse medication effects (3 [1.8%]). No clinical management changes were reported for 178 patients (42.6%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that genetic testing of individuals with epilepsy may be materially associated with clinical decision-making and improved patient outcomes

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Deprea paneroi Benitez & M. Martínez

Parque Nacional Guaramacal, Distrito BoconóAriza Espinar, Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin