Histology of the central nervous system of the squid, Illex illecobrosus illecobrosus (Leseur)

This thesis describes the microscopic structure of the central nervous system of the squid Illex illecebrosus illecebrosus (Lesueur), and relates it to that of other cephalopods. Organs of secretion associated with the brain are also shown together with the results of histochemical tests used to detect the presence of carbohydrates, proteins lipids and nucleic acids. -- The central nervous system of Illex is basically similar to the brains of other cephalopods. It consists of eight interconnected ganglia, some of which are divided into distinct lobes. The cerebral ganglion, situated above the esophagus, contains the association and higher motor centres of the brain, and its neurons are much smaller than the cells in the subesophageal masses. Directly below it and broadly connected to it by the anterior and posterior basal - subesophageal connectives on both sides of the esophagus lies the middle subesophageal mass which is the major source of nerves arising from the brain. The posterior subesophageal mass is separated from the middle mass by a curtain of connective tissue and has several divisions. Nerves from this ganglion innervate the mantle, fins, viscera and chromatophores. The peduncle and olfactory lobes are situated above and posterior to the optic tract. The anterior subesophageal mass, or brachial ganglion, which is separated from the central brain mass and lies just posterior and ventral to the buccal mass, innervates primarily the arms. The superior and inferior buccal ganglia are located above the anterior subesophageal mass. -- Small neurosecretory cells of two types occur in clusters within the tissue of the posterior subesophageal mass, adjacent to small blood sinuses. The components of both the optic glands and parolfactory vesicles were negative to neurosecretory stains. The colloid of the parolfactory vesicles was shown to be a mucoprotein or glycoprotein, containing little cysteine

Fluctuations in auxin levels depend upon synchronicity of cell divisions in a one-dimensional model of auxin transport

Auxin is a well-studied plant hormone, the spatial distribution of which remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the effects of cell growth and divisions on the dynamics of auxin patterning, using a combination of mathematical modelling and experimental observations. In contrast to most prior work, models are not designed or tuned with the aim to produce a specific auxin pattern. Instead, we use well-established techniques from dynamical systems theory to uncover and classify ranges of auxin patterns as exhaustively as possible as parameters are varied. Previous work using these techniques has shown how a multitude of stable auxin patterns may coexist, each attainable from a specific ensemble of initial conditions. When a key parameter spans a range of values, these steady patterns form a geometric curve with successive folds, often nicknamed a snaking diagram. As we introduce growth and cell division into a one-dimensional model of auxin distribution, we observe new behaviour which can be explained in terms of this diagram. Cell growth changes the shape of the snaking diagram, and this corresponds in turn to deformations in the patterns of auxin distribution. As divisions occur this can lead to abrupt creation or annihilation of auxin peaks. We term this phenomenon ‘snake-jumping’. Under rhythmic cell divisions, we show how this can lead to stable oscillations of auxin. We also show that this requires a high level of synchronisation between cell divisions. Using 18 hour time-lapse imaging of the auxin reporter DII:Venus in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, we show auxin fluctuates greatly, both in terms of amplitude and periodicity, consistent with the snake-jumping events observed with non-synchronised cell divisions. Periodic signals downstream of the auxin signalling pathway have previously been recorded in plant roots. The present work shows that auxin alone is unlikely to play the role of a pacemaker in this context

Portfolio Vol. I N 2

Wiley, Thomas R. In the Cathedral, Mexico City . Picture. 2. Whitehead, Richard Jr. Izzy was a Lady, After All . Prose. 3. Beckham, Adela. Rain on a March morning . Poem. 6. Beckham, Adela. Heaven . Poem. 6. Deane, Dorothy. Temptation . Poem. 6. Kellogg, Elizabeth. Gruess Dich Gott . Prose. 7. Nadel, Norman. The Duchess . Poem. 8. Dick, Pewilla. The Sligo Fisherman . Prose. 9. Deane, Dorothy. Against the Winter . Poem 12. Flory, Doris Jean. A problem . Poem 12. Travis, Paul Bough. My First View of the Congo Forest . Picture. 13. Bellows, George. Stag at Sharkey\u27s . Picture. 13. B.C.W. Aspiration . Poem. 14. Stewart, John. On Record . Prose 14. Sweitzer, Harry J. Playing Around . Prose. 15. Ellsberg, Edward. Book Parade: Hell on Ice . Prose. 15. B.C.W. End of Winter . Poem. 16. Wiley, Thomas R. End of Winter . Picture. 16. Deeter, Robert. Television, How, Where, and When . Prose. 17. Brush, Jane. Love A La Mode . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. Radio! . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. Backward Glance . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. Homo Paradoxus . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. The Sardonic Slant . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. Baths . Prose. 20. Wilson, Gordon. Brushword . Cartoon. 20

Physical Health, Media Use, and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents With ADHD During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia

Objective: To examine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Parents of 213 Australian children (5–17 years) with ADHD completed a survey in May 2020 when COVID-19 restrictions were in place (i.e., requiring citizens to stay at home except for essential reasons). Results: Compared to pre-pandemic, children had less exercise (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.4; 95% CI 0.3–0.6), less outdoor time (OR = 0.4; 95% 0.3–0.6), and less enjoyment in activities (OR = 6.5; 95% CI 4.0–10.4), while television (OR = 4.0; 95% CI 2.5–6.5), social media (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.3–4.5), gaming (OR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.3–3.0), sad/depressed mood (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.2–2.8), and loneliness (OR = 3.6; 95% CI 2.3–5.5) were increased. Child stress about COVID-19 restrictions was associated with poorer functioning across most domains. Most parents (64%) reported positive changes for their child including more family time. Conclusions: COVID-19 restrictions were associated with both negative and positive impacts among children with ADHD

2017 update of the WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias

Emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias may be associated with worsen outcome and a significant rate of postoperative complications. There is no consensus on management of complicated abdominal hernias. The main matter of debate is about the use of mesh in case of intestinal resection and the type of mesh to be used. Wound infection is the most common complication encountered and represents an immense burden especially in the presence of a mesh. The recurrence rate is an important topic that influences the final outcome. A World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Consensus Conference was held in Bergamo in July 2013 with the aim to define recommendations for emergency repair of abdominal wall hernias in adults. This document represents the executive summary of the consensus conference approved by a WSES expert panel. In 2016, the guidelines have been revised and updated according to the most recent available literature.Peer reviewe

WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias

Peer reviewe