Vivienda y ciudad, un único proyecto : la unidad vecinal Exequiel González Cortés, 1960-1964

Durant el segle XX, en l'eix de recerca de l'habitatge i la seva relació amb la ciutat, adquireixen protagonisme els models urbans que afronten la dimensió col·lectiva del projecte residencial, a partir de les formes d'associació d'habitatges i el seu rol en el teixit urbà. Aquestes formes habitacionals aconsegueixen la seva maduresa a través del model d'unitat veïnal, el que es caracteritza per una composició que supera la simple repetició d'un tipus de bloc, enfocant-se en els vincles entre edificacions habitacionals i les relacions que determinen l'espai públic. En el context del desenvolupament de l'arquitectura habitacional a Xile, aquesta tesi analitza els elements d'articulació col·lectiva presents en les diferents escales d'associació de la unitat veïnal Exequiel González Tallis (1960 i 1964). El model d'unitat veïnal xilè és implementat per l'Estat, a través de la Corporació de l'Habitatge (CORVI), organisme dedicat a la producció habitacional. Através de la seva labor, la CORVI va coordinar la participació de diferents institucions de caràcter privat, públic, i semipúblics per a la construcció de grans intervencions urbanes destinades a l'habitatge social. D'altra banda, les obres de la CORVI utilitzen els principis de l'arquitectura moderna, per donar una solució concreta al problema de la ciutat i l'habitatge a Xile. D'aquesta manera, la producció d'aquesta institució es transforma en un espai d'experimentació per al desenvolupament de noves formes residencials, les que es van adaptar als diferents requeriments de les ciutats xilenes. En aquest context, es destaca la composició formal de tres unitats veïnals representatives de la producció i gestió de la CORVI: Unitat Veïnal Providència (1953-1958), Unitat Veïnal Portals (1954-1964) i Unitat Veïnal Exequiel González Cortés (1960-1964); aquestes es presenten com una síntesi dels plantejaments arquitectònics moderns que conceben de manera integral la relació entre habitatge i ciutat. Quant a les tres obres de la CORVI esmentades, és important aprofundir l'anàlisi entorn de la “Unitat Veïnal Exequiel GonzálezCortés” (U.V.E.G.C.), donat el nivell de sistematització que aconsegueix en la resolució de les diferents escales d'articulació projectiu del conjunt. Aquesta sistematització és possible a partir del desenvolupament d'instàncies intermèdies de connexió, a través d'una composició de relacions nuclears i escalars entre les seves parts, que procuren una estratificació entre els diferents nivells d'agregació residencial. En aquest sentit, en l'U.V.E.G.C. l'espai intermedi no només resol la transició entre els elements públics i privats del conjunt, sinó que a més, és el responsable d'estructurar i articular formalment el projecte habitacional. És així, com les diferents escales d'agrupació s'ordenen i estructuren entorn de l'espai col·lectiu, sent aquest l'essència de l'organització formal del conjunt. D'altra banda, la composició de la unitat veïnal es concep a partir de patrons de disseny que resolen la capacitat additiva de les diferents escales d'associació dels elements residencials, aportant variabilitat i unitat al conjunt. Finalment, mitjançant l'anàlisi de la Unitat Veïnal Exequiel González Cortés, es demostra com l'arquitectura moderna va projectar conjunts habitacionals a partir de l'aplicació de sistemes de composició abstracta. En conseqüència, són aquests sistemes els que permeten articular les relacions multiescalars de l'hàbitat residencial, integrant l'habitatge i la ciutat en un únic projecte arquitectònic, com a expressió formal de la vida comunitària.During the twentieth century, at the core of the research on housing and its relationship to the city, urban models facing the collective dimension of the residential project get special relevance, based on its forms of housing association and its role in the urban fabric. These housing forms reach maturity through the neighborhood unit model, which is characterized by a composition that overcomes the simple repetition of a block type, focusing on the links between residential buildings and the relationships that determine the public space. In the context of residential architecture development in Chile, this thesis analyzes the collective articulation elements present in the different association scales at Exequiel González Cortés neighborhood unit (1960 and 1964). The Chilean model of neighborhood unit was implemented by the State through Housing Corporation (CORVI), organization that was dedicated to housing production. Through its work, the CORVI coordinated the participation of various institutions; either private, public or semi-public in order to build large urban interventions for social housing. Moreover, the CORVI works used the principles of modern architecture to give a concrete solution to the problem of city and housing in Chile. Thus, CORVI production became a space of experimentation for the development of new residential forms, which were adapted to the different requirements of Chilean cities. In this context, there are three neighborhood units of remarkable formal composition, which represent CORVI`s management and production: Providencia Neighborhood Unit (1953-1958), Portales Neighborhood Unit (1954-1964) and Exequiel GonzálezCortés Neighborhood Unit (1960-1964 ); those works are presented as a synthesis of modern architectural approaches which conceived the relationship between housing and city in an integrated manner. In respect of the three CORVI works mentioned, it is important to deepen the analysis on "Exequiel González Cortés Neighborhood Unit", given the level of systematization achieved in resolving the different scales of project articulation at the unit. This systematization is possible through the development of intermediate levels of connection, through a composition of nuclear and scalar relationships between its parts, seeking stratification between the various levels of residential aggregation. In that sense, at Exequiel GonzálezCortés neighborhood unit , the in-between space not only solves the transition between public and private elements of the residential complex, but also is responsible for structuring and formally articulating the housing project. Thus, the different grouping scales are ordered and structured around the collective space, which is the essence of the unit formal organization. Moreover, the neighborhood unit composition is conceived from design patterns that solve the additive capacity of the different association scales of residential elements, providing variability and unity to the architectural ensemble. Finally, the analysis of Exequiel GonzálezCortés neighborhood unit demonstrates how modern architecture designed residential complexes through the application of abstract composition systems. Consequently, these systems are those that allow to articulate multi-scale residential housing relationships, integrating housing and the city in a unique architectural project as a formal expression of community life.Durante el siglo XX, en el eje de investigación de la vivienda y su relación con la ciudad, adquieren protagonismo los modelos urbanos que afrontan la dimensión colectiva del proyecto residencial, a partir de las formas de asociación de viviendas y su rol en el tejido urbano. Estas formas habitacionales alcanzan su madurez a través del modelo de unidad vecinal, el que se caracteriza por una composición que supera la simple repetición de un tipo de bloque, enfocándose en los vínculos entre edificaciones habitacionales y las relaciones que determinan el espacio público. En el contexto del desarrollo de la arquitectura habitacional en Chile, esta tesis analiza los elementos de articulación colectiva presentes en las distintas escalas de asociación de la unidad vecinal Exequiel González Cortes (1960 y 1964). El modelo de unidad vecinal chileno es implementado por el Estado, a través de la Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI), organismo dedicado a la producción habitacional. Através de su labor, la CORVI coordinó la participación de distintas instituciones de carácter privado, público, y semipúblicos para la construcción de grandes intervenciones urbanas destinadas a la vivienda social. Por otra parte, las obras de la CORVI utilizan los principios de la arquitectura moderna, para dar una solución concreta al problema de la ciudad y la vivienda en Chile. De este modo, la producción de esta institución se transforma en un espacio de experimentación para el desarrollo de nuevas formas residenciales, las que se adaptaron a los diferentes requerimientos de las ciudades chilenas. En este contexto, se destaca la composición formal de tres unidades vecinales representativas de la producción y gestión de la CORVI: Unidad Vecinal Providencia (1953-1958), Unidad Vecinal Portales (1954-1964) y Unidad Vecinal Exequiel González Cortés (1960-1964); éstas se presentan como una síntesis de los planteamientos arquitectónicos modernos que conciben de manera integral la relación entre vivienda y ciudad. En cuanto a las tres obras de la CORVI mencionadas, es importante profundizar el análisis en torno a la “Unidad Vecinal Exequiel González Cortés” (U.V.E.G.C.), dado el nivel de sistematización que alcanza en la resolución de las distintas escalas de articulación proyectual del conjunto. Esta sistematización es posible a partir del desarrollo de instancias intermedias de conexión, a través de una composición de relaciones nucleares y escalares entre sus partes, que procuran una estratificación entre los distintos niveles de agregación residencial. En este sentido, en la U.V.E.G.C. el espacio intermedio no sólo resuelve la transición entre los elementos públicos y privados del conjunto, sino que además, es el responsable de estructurar y articular formalmente el proyecto habitacional. Es así, como las distintas escalas de agrupación se ordenan y estructuran en torno al espacio colectivo, siendo éste la esencia de la organización formal del conjunto. Por otra parte, la composición de la unidad vecinal se concibe a partir de patrones de diseño que resuelven la capacidad aditiva de las diferentes escalas de asociación de los elementos residenciales, aportando variabilidad y unidad al conjunto. Finalmente, mediante el análisis de la Unidad Vecinal Exequiel González Cortés, se demuestra como la arquitectura moderna proyectó conjuntos habitacionales a partir de la aplicación de sistemas de composición abstracta. En consecuencia, son estos sistemas los que permiten articular las relaciones multiescalares del hábitat residencial, integrando la vivienda y la ciudad en un único proyecto arquitectónico, como expresión formal de la vida comunitariaPostprint (published version

Policy and project, generators of urban life facts: two comparative cases of CORVI work, from 1950 to 1970

El artículo establece una mirada comparativa entre dos visiones de ciudad moderna desarrolladas por la Corporación de Vivienda (CORVI, 1953-1976), entre las décadas de 1950 y 1970. Para ello, se constituye una visión cruzada entre dos modelos de intervención urbana y de producción residencial gestionada por dicho organismo. Se realiza un paralelo entre dos estrategias de proyecto urbano, la Unidad Vecinal y la Remodelación, las que debieron responder a problemáticas urbanas distintas, pero que comparten una manera de entender la relación entre ciudad y vivienda a partir de los ideales del urbanismo moderno. En este contexto, se comparan dos obras representativas de la CORVI: “Villa Presidente Frei” (Santiago, 1964-1968), última unidad vecinal gestionada por esta institución, y la “Remodelación República” (Santiago, 1964-1968), primera obra concebida bajo el concepto de remodelación urbana. De esta manera, se identifican dos factores principales que generan dichos hechos de vida urbana: política y proyecto.The article establishes a comparative view among two visions of a modern city developed by the Housing Corporation (CORVI, 1953-1976), from the 1950s to 1970s. For this purpose, a cross vision is constituted between two models of urban intervention and residential production managed by CORVI. A parallel between two urban project strategies shows different response to urban problems, but the same way of understanding the relationship between city and housing, based on the modern urbanism criteria. In this context, two representative works of the CORVI are compared: “Villa Presidente Frei” (Santiago, 1964-1968), the last neighbourhood unit managed by this institution, and the “Remodelación República” (Santiago, 1964-1968), first work conceived under the urban remodelling concept. In this way, two main factors that generate these urban life facts are identified: policy and project.Peer Reviewe

Preventive Conservation and Restoration Monitoring of Heritage Buildings Based on Fuzzy Logic

This article discusses the usability of the Art-Risk 3.0 software for research on the conservation of heritage buildings. It is a new and free software based on fuzzy logic, which enables the assessment of preventive conservation and surveillance of the restoration of heritage buildings over a period of time. This artificial intelligence-based tool considers the vulnerability of buildings, their environ ments, and their management to evaluate the necessity of their restoration or preventive con servation. To validate the Art-Risk 3.0, 500 theoretical case studies were analyzed, and a 14th century Mudejar-Gothic-style Church in Seville, Spain was studied both before and after its restora tion to identify post-restoration changes. This proof of concept demonstrates the capability of the Art-Risk 3.0 software to analyze environmental impacts on the vulnerability, risk, and functional service life of buildings, and assess the effectiveness of restoration activities. Additionally, this software identifies the most problematic factors and the necessity of restoration.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIA2015- 64878-R (RETOS)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2019-107257RB-I00 (FENIX)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades EQC2019-005780-P (Ambulab-LAB)Junta de Andalucía PYC20 RE 034 UPO RESILIENT-TOURISMMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación PTA2019-01688

Escalera Mecánica

Escalera mecánica, que comprende un sinfín de peldaños (1) que van montados sobre dos cadenas laterales de arrastre (2-3) y guías conductoras (4-5) y quedan limitados entre balaustradas laterales fijas. Cada peldaño está soportado por dos brazos (7-8) no alineados, que son perpendiculares a la dirección de desplazamiento de dichos peldaños y paralelos a las superficies pisables de los mismos. Estos brazos sobresalen de los peldaños, uno por cada lado, para su conexión a puntos de articulación (9- 10) de las cadenas, coincidentes con el peldaño

Sistema de accionamiento de una cadena de arrastre

Sistema de accionamiento de una cadena de arrastre, que comprende: una cadena (8) que incluye eslabones (A, B, C, D) unidos por articulaciones (1, 2, 3, 4, 5); una rueda (6) que incluye medios de engranaje con las articulaciones (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), distribuidos de forma uniforme en la periferia de la rueda (6) y medios de guía aptos para forzar la trayectoria de las articulaciones (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) a lo largo de una curva de tal manera que cuando la rueda (6) gira a velocidad angular constante la cadena (8) avanza con velocidad lineal constante en al menos una de las dos zonas lineales de ida o de vuelta en las que no está engranada con la rueda (6)

Dietary diversity and depression: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in Spanish adult population with metabolic syndrome. Findings from PREDIMED-Plus trial

Objective: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) associations between dietary diversity (DD) and depressive symptoms. Design: An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed using a validated FFQ and was categorised into quartiles (Q). The variety in each food group was classified into four categories of diversity (C). Depressive symptoms were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck II) questionnaire and depression cases defined as physician-diagnosed or Beck II >= 18. Linear and logistic regression models were used. Setting: Spanish older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants: A total of 6625 adults aged 55–75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and MetS. Results: Total DDS was inversely and statistically significantly associated with depression in the cross-sectional analysis conducted; OR Q4 v. Q1 = 0·76 (95 % CI (0·64, 0·90)). This was driven by high diversity compared to low diversity (C3 v. C1) of vegetables (OR = 0·75, 95 % CI (0·57, 0·93)), cereals (OR = 0·72 (95 % CI (0·56, 0·94)) and proteins (OR = 0·27, 95 % CI (0·11, 0·62)). In the longitudinal analysis, there was no significant association between the baseline DDS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2 years of follow-up, except for DD in vegetables C4 v. C1 = (β = 0·70, 95 % CI (0·05, 1·35)). Conclusions: According to our results, DD is inversely associated with depressive symptoms, but eating more diverse does not seem to reduce the risk of future depression. Additional longitudinal studies (with longer follow-up) are needed to confirm these findings.T The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018; 340918) grant to Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, and by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish Government, ISCIII through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (FIS), which is cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi Salas-Salvado and Josep Vidal), including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, The Especial Action Project entitled: 'Implementacion y Evaluacion de una intervencion intensiva sobre la actividad fisica Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus' grant to Jordi Salas-Salvado, the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvado (2013ACUP00194), grants from the Consejeria de Salud de la Junta de Andalucia (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018), the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana, the SEMERGEN grant, and CIBEROBN and FEDER funds (CB06/03), ISCIII. International Nut&Dried Fruit Council-FESNAD N degrees 201302: Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez (PI). None of the funding sources took part in the design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility to submit for publication

Adaptación al bilingüismo del material docente de prácticas de Zoología

El objetivo principal de este proyecto de innovación docente es la adaptación al bilingüismo, concretamente al inglés, del material de prácticas (presenciales y virtuales) de la asignatura de Zoología del grado de Biología. Este objetivo se enmarca dentro del actual proceso de internacionalización de la UGR, que en el caso concreto del grado de Biología se ha iniciado el curso académico 2021/2022 con algunas asignaturas impartidas en inglés. Aunque el bilingüismo en la asignatura de Zoología se ha retrasado hasta el curso 2022/2023.Universidad de Granad

Prospective associations between a priori dietary patterns adherence and kidney function in an elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk

Purpose To assess the association between three different a priori dietary patterns adherence (17-item energy reduced-Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), Trichopoulou-MedDiet and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH)), as well as the Protein Diet Score and kidney function decline after one year of follow-up in elderly individuals with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods We prospectively analyzed 5675 participants (55-75 years) from the PREDIMED-Plus study. At baseline and at one year, we evaluated the creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and food-frequency questionnaires-derived dietary scores. Associations between four categories (decrease/maintenance and tertiles of increase) of each dietary pattern and changes in eGFR (ml/min/1.73m(2)) or >= 10% eGFR decline were assessed by fitting multivariable linear or logistic regression models, as appropriate. Results Participants in the highest tertile of increase in 17-item erMedDiet Score showed higher upward changes in eGFR (beta: 1.87 ml/min/1.73m(2); 95% CI: 1.00-2.73) and had lower odds of >= 10% eGFR decline (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47-0.82) compared to individuals in the decrease/maintenance category, while Trichopoulou-MedDiet and DASH Scores were not associated with any renal outcomes. Those in the highest tertile of increase in Protein Diet Score had greater downward changes in eGFR (beta: - 0.87 ml/min/1.73m(2); 95% CI: - 1.73 to - 0.01) and 32% higher odds of eGFR decline (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.00-1.75). Conclusions Among elderly individuals with overweight/obesity and MetS, only higher upward change in the 17-item erMedDiet score adherence was associated with better kidney function after one year. However, increasing Protein Diet Score appeared to have an adverse impact on kidney health. Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN89898870 (Data of registration: 2014).Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by the official Spanish Institutions for funding scientific biomedical research, CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (six coordinated FIS projects leaded by JS-S and JVi, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, PI19/01332, PI20/01802, PI20/00138, PI20/01532, PI20/00456, PI20/00339, PI20/00557, PI20/00886, PI20/01158); the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementacion y evaluacion de una intervencion intensiva sobre la actividad fisica Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to JS-S; the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2014-2019; agreement #340918) granted to MAMG.; the Recercaixa (number 2013ACUP00194) grant to JS-S; grants from the Consejeria de Salud de la Junta de Andalucia (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, PI0137/2018); the PROMETEO/2017/017 and the PROMETEO 21/2021 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana; the SEMERGEN grant; the Boosting young talent call grant program for the development of IISPV research projects 2019-2021 (Ref.: 2019/IISPV/03 grant to AD-L); the Societat Catalana d'Endocrinologia i Nutricio (SCEN) Clinical-Research Grant 2019 (IPs: JS-S and AD-L). Collaborative Nutrition and/or Obesity Project for Young Researchers 2019 supported by CIBEROBN entitled: Lifestyle Interventions and Chronic Kidney Disease: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolomic Profile (LIKIDI study) grant to AD-L. Jordi Salas-Salvado, gratefully acknowledges the financial support by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. M.R.-G., is supported by the Ministry of Education of Spain (FPU17/06488). None of the funding sources took part in the design, collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, or writing the report, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication

Effect of an Intensive Weight-Loss Lifestyle Intervention on Kidney Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Large randomized trials testing the effect of a multifactorial weight-loss lifestyle intervention including Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on renal function are lacking. Here, we evaluated the 1-year efficacy of an intensive weight-loss intervention with an energy-reduced MedDiet (erMedDiet) plus increased physical activity (PA) on renal function. Methods: Randomized controlled "PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus"(PREDIMED-Plus) trial is conducted in 23 Spanish centers comprising 208 primary care clinics. Overweight/obese (n = 6,719) adults aged 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intensive weight-loss lifestyle intervention with an erMedDiet, PA promotion, and behavioral support (intervention) or usual-care advice to adhere to an energy-unrestricted MedDiet (control) between September 2013 and December 2016. The primary outcome was 1-year change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR). Secondary outcomes were changes in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), incidence of moderately/severely impaired EGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and micro-to macroalbuminuria (UACR ≥30 mg/g), and reversion of moderately (45 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) to mildly impaired GFR (60 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2) or micro-to macroalbuminuria. Results: After 1 year, EGFR declined by 0.66 and 1.25 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the intervention and control groups, respectively (mean difference, 0.58 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI: 0.15-1.02). There were no between-group differences in mean UACR or micro-to macroalbuminuria changes. Moderately/severely impaired EGFR incidence and reversion of moderately to mildly impaired GFR were 40% lower (HR 0.60; 0.44-0.82) and 92% higher (HR 1.92; 1.35-2.73), respectively, in the intervention group. Conclusions: The PREDIMED-Plus lifestyle intervention approach may preserve renal function and delay CKD progression in overweight/obese adults.This work was supported by the official Spanish Institutions for funding scientific biomedical research, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund (5 coordinated FIS projects leaded by J.S.-S and J.V., including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926; PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, and PI19/01332); the Especial Action Project entitled Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to J.S.-S.; the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2014–2019; agreement #340918) granted to M.Á.M.-G.; the Recercaixa (No. 2013ACUP00194) grant to J.S.-S.; grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, and PI0137/2018); the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana; the SEMERGEN grant; funds from the European Regional Development Fund (CB06/03); International Nut & Dried Fruit Council – FESNAD (Long-term effects of an energyrestricted Mediterranean diet on mortality and cardiovascular disease 2014–2015, No. 201302) (PI: M.Á.M.-G.); the AstraZeneca Young Investigators Award in Category of Obesity and T2D 2017 (PI: D.R.); grant of support to research groups No. 35/2011 (Balearic Islands Gov.; FEDER funds) (J.A.T. and C.B.); the JR17/00022 (ISCIII) grant to O.C.; the Boosting young talent call grant program for the development of IISPV research projects 2019–2021 (Ref.: 2019/IISPV/03 grant to A.D.-L.); the Societat Catalana d’Endocrinologia i Nutrició (SCEN) Clinical-Research Grant 2019 (IPs: J.S.-S. and A.D.-L.). Collaborative Nutrition and/or Obesity Project for Young Researchers 2019 supported by CIBEROBN entitled Lifestyle Interventions and Chronic Kidney Disease: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolomic Profile (LIKIDI study) grant to A.D.-L

Contribution of cardio-vascular risk factors to depressive status in the PREDIMED-PLUS Trial. A cross-sectional and a 2-year longitudinal study

Background Cardio-vascular disease and depression are thought to be closely related, due to shared risk factors. The aim of the study was to determine the association between cardio-vascular risk (CVR) factors and depressive status in a population (55-75 years) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Methods and findings Participants were classified into three groups of CVR according to the Framingham-based REGICOR function: (1) low (LR), (2) medium (MR) or (3) high/very high (HR). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and after 2 years. The association between CVR and depressive status at baseline (n = 6545), and their changes after 2 years (n = 4566) were evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models). HR women showed higher odds of depressive status than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.26, 2.50)]. MR and HR participants with total cholesterol <160 mg/mL showed higher odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.77 (1.13, 2.77) and 2.83 (1.25, 6.42) respectively)] but those with total cholesterol ¿280 mg/mL showed lower odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 0.26 (0.07, 0.98) and 0.23 (0.05, 0.95), respectively]. All participants decreased their BDI-II score after 2 years, being the decrease smaller in MR and HR diabetic compared to LR [adjusted mean±SE = -0.52±0.20, -0.41 ±0.27 and -1.25±0.31 respectively). MR and HR participants with total cholesterol between 240-279 mg/mL showed greater decreases in the BDI-II score compared to LR (adjusted mean±SE = -0.83±0.37, -0.77±0.64 and 0.97±0.52 respectively). Conclusions Improving cardiovascular health could prevent the onset of depression in the elderly. Diabetes and total cholesterol in individuals at high CVR, may play a specific role in the precise response.The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the European Research Council through a grant to MAM (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018; 340918). The project was also supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish Government (ISCIII) through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated FIS projects), who awarded grants to JS and JV (PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732 and PI17/00926). The International Nut&Dried Fruit Council-FESNAD also provided funding through a grant to MAM (201302), and Recercaixa also awarded a grant to JS (2013ACUP00194). The Department of Health, Generalitat de Cataluña by the calls 'Acció instrumental de programes de recerca orientats en lámbit de la recercaila innovació en salut' and 'Pla estrategic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS),' also awarded a grant to FF (SLT006/17/00246). This research was also partially funded by: Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, PI0137/2018); Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/017); SEMERGEN, CIBEROBN, FEDER and ISCIII (CB06/03); EU-H2020 Grants (Eat2beNICE/h2020-sfs-2016-2, ref.728018; PRIME/h2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020, ref: 847879)