The Clinic

The photograph that appeared on the cover of the past Iowa State University Veterinarian refreshed the memories of many former veterinary students. The clinic area of what was once known as the Veterinary Quadrangle (now Lagomarcino Hall) plays a significant role in the history of Iowa State. Throughout its lifetime, this section of the building has been a place for applied veterinary instruction, studios for sculpture and an office for student journalism. The construction of the Quadrangle was prompted by the poor conditions found in the veterinary hospital, which stood where the Memorial Union is now. The advancing knowledge of sanitation had deemed the building undesirable, as described by Dr. Charles Stange in his 1929 history of the Division of Veterinary Medicine

A Significant Moment

The photograph on the past cover of the Iowa State University Veterinarian brought a flurry of phone calls and even a letter. The photo of the clinic area in the Veterinary Quadrangle brought back memories for many alumni, especially for Dr. Robert Norton, a 1944 graduate and former editor of this journal. After having a telephone conversation with Dr. Norton, I conclude my experience on this journal has been similar to his. I believe the ISU Veterinarian and the people on it have provided me with one of the most unique opportunities anyone can have at this university

Dr. Richard Ross and Mycoplasma Research

This past summer the Dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Dr. Richard Ross, received the American Feed Manufacturers\u27 Association Award for his lifelong research and organizational work towards a vaccine for mycoplasma in swine. While Dr. Ross grew up on a farm with both hogs and beef cattle, he was mostly involved with cattle in high school (entering cattle in 4-H competitions). Even some of his work as a veterinary student at Iowa State was with cattle. As he started to work along side faculty, he was introduced to the influential Dr. William Switzer, who led him to swine research

Influence of diet composition and training on energy utilization by greyhound skeletal muscle

The relationship between diet and skeletal muscle metabolism in greyhounds was evaluated in a two-part study. Part I examined glycogen content and activities of phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in exercised greyhounds fed a meat-mixed field diet or a corn-soy-based diet for 16 weeks. All dogs ran 5/16 mile at maximal speed twice a week. Biceps femoris muscle biopsies were collected at 0, 8, and 16 weeks. Greyhounds fed the corn-soy-based diet had significantly elevated (P ≤ 0.05) citrate synthase activity at 8 weeks (36.1 ± 5.6 [mu] mol· min[superscript]-1· g[superscript]-1wwt) compared with citrate synthase activity in dogs fed the meat-mixed diet (27.1 ± 4.6 [mu] mol· min[superscript]-1· g[superscript]-1wwt). All other parameters measured were equal between diet groups and between collection periods within diet groups. The increase in citrate synthase activity in those dogs fed the corn-soy diet may indicate that the corn-soy diet increases oxidative capacity of greyhound skeletal muscle;Part II was a 38-week, double-crossover study examining alanine-glucose cycle substrates across the left hindleg of 10 adult, male, conscious greyhounds when untrained and trained. Parameters analyzed for arterial-venous differences were alanine, glutamate, leucine, isoleucine, valine, glucose, lactate, and glycine. Glycine was included in analysis because it is similar to alanine in conferring protection against tissue anoxia. Hindleg plasma flow, hematocrit, samples of biceps femoris muscle, and femoral arterial and venous blood were collected before diets were switched at 12, 24, 31, and 38 weeks. Blood was analyzed for all parameters, and muscle was analyzed for amino acids only;Alanine-glucose cycle substrate utilization was similar between diet and exercise groups. Glycine concentrations, however, were increased in arterial and venous plasma and muscle when dogs were fed the corn-soy diet. Among the important trends noticed were that dogs fed the corn-soy diet, regardless of exercise state, has less lactate accumulation in arterial and venous plasma. Training caused an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in resting circulating glucose concentration, regardless of diet consumed. These trends may indicate that the corn-soy diet increased glycolytic ability in trained greyhounds by increasing potential substrate flux through the alanine-glucose cycle

Working with Sue: Profile of a Learning Disabled Student Entering College

At the beginning of the spring semester, 1987, I was given a routine notice that I would be working with a new student on an on-going basis. The referral in her folder said that she had extensive problems with writing and would need some extra help. I had been working in our college writing lab, the Center for Academic Achievement, for three-and-a-half years, so I wasn\u27t exactly intimidated by this information. I was more curious as to what kinds of help this student would need, and whether or not I could give them to her

Educating educators in the selection, design, and utilization of educational media

Today, as in the past, there are various factors affecting education and calling for changes. Firstly, there is a constant influx of technology and materials into educational and training systems. Secondly, the characteristics and needs of learners are changing. Finally, the problems affecting both learners and educators are increasing. Rather than passively accepting change, Ways (1964) has suggested that humans become active participants. For educators, this means altering instructional strategies to incorporate new mediums (Romizowsky, 1988). Educators need to have a voice and exercise control over the way in which messages are presented. In order to do so, educators need supplementary training in the processes by which media are developed, improved and evaluated in order to arrive at sound evaluations of their relevance for...educational objectives... (Briggs, Campeau, Gagne\u27, and May, 1967

Culture in Our Community

Students will define culture and become aware of the various cultures in our community

Male Mating Competitiveness of a Wolbachia-Introgressed Aedes polynesiensis Strain under Semi-Field Conditions

Aedes polynesiensis is the primary mosquito vector of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in the island nations of the South Pacific. Control of LF in this region of the world is difficult due to the unique biology of the mosquito vector. A proposed method to control LF in the Pacific is through the release of male mosquitoes that are effectively sterile. In order for this approach to be successful, it is critical that the modified male mosquitoes be able to compete with wild type male mosquitoes for female mates. In this study the authors examined the mating competitiveness of modified males under semi-field conditions. Modified males were released into field cages holding field-collected, virgin females and field collected wild type males. The resulting proportion of eggs that hatched was inversely related to the number of modified males released into the cage, which is consistent with the hypothesized competitiveness of modified males against indigenous males. The outcome indicates that mass release of modified A. polynesiensis mosquitoes could result in the suppression of A. polynesiensis populations and supports the continued development of applied strategies for suppression of this important disease vector

Conceptual framework and rationale

The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been shown to be an effective and sustainable genetic approach to control populations of selected major pest insects, when part of area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programmes. The technique introduces genetic sterility in females of the target population in the field following their mating with released sterile males. This process results in population reduction or elimination via embryo lethality caused by dominant lethal mutations induced in sperm of the released males. In the past, several field trials have been carried out for mosquitoes with varying degrees of success. New technology and experience gained with other species of insect pests has encouraged a reassessment of the use of the sterility principle as part of integrated control of malaria vectors. Significant technical and logistic hurdles will need to be overcome to develop the technology and make it effective to suppress selected vector populations, and its application will probably be limited to specific ecological situations. Using sterile males to control mosquito vector populations can only be effective as part of an AW-IPM programme. The area-wide concept entails the targeting of the total mosquito population within a defined area. It requires, therefore, a thorough understanding of the target pest population biology especially as regards mating behaviour, population dynamics, dispersal and level of reproductive isolation. The key challenges for success are: 1) devising methods to monitor vector populations and measuring competitiveness of sterile males in the field, 2) designing mass rearing, sterilization and release strategies that maintain competitiveness of the sterile male mosquitoes, 3) developing methods to separate sexes in order to release only male mosquitoes and 4) adapting suppression measures and release rates to take into account the high reproductive rate of mosquitoes. Finally, success in area-wide implementation in the field can only be achieved if close attention is paid to political, socio-economic and environmental sensitivities and an efficient management organization is established taking into account the interests of all potential stakeholders of an AW-IPM programme

History of the International Organization for Biological Control Global Working Group on Mass Rearing and Quality Assurance

The International Organization for Biological Control Global Working Group on Mass Rearing and Quality Assurance (MRQA) was established in 1980 as the Working Group on Quality Control (WGQC) to assure success of insect mass rearing for pest management that was being developed in the 1950s and 1960s. Due mostly to the efforts of WGQC, quality control became institutionalized in several insect mass rearing facilities during the 1980s. After addressing autocidal control programs, the WGQC concentrated on entomophagous insects, especially testing the quality of commercial biological control products. Universal Implementation of Quality Control for Mass-Reared Arthropods was finally achieved in the 1990s, having encompassed all aspects from insect production to field application and evaluation. This increased scope prompted a name change from WGQC to Arthropod Mass Rearing and Quality Control (AMRQC). Subsequently, the scope of the Working Group was expanded again and it was renamed MRQA to include a range of applications for mass-reared beneficial invertebrates. The geographic range of MRQA recently was extended beyond North and South America and Europe to include India. This expansion continued as insects for food and feed, networking and instruction, and legal and ethical issues were added to the most recent workshop held in Mexico. Thus, the MRQA continues to evolve as additional invertebrate organisms are mass produced for both established and novel applications