The using of gibberellic acid hormone on cotton mature embryo resulted by crossing between wild and commercial species on artificial medium

The wild species of cotton have important role in cotton breeding due to their favorable traits, which include pest and disease resistance, drought tolerance, fiber quality and male cytoplasmic sterility. Transferring these favorable genes from wild species to commercial cultivars of cotton by the traditional methods or classical plant breeding procedure will be very difficult and impossible. This is due to the following: Confronting disordering in flower structure, the problems involved in cotton flower pollens germination in stigma level and destruction of embryo and endosperm in different stages of evolution. The first sign of these problems is the falling of ovary. Therefore, the first and important barrier in crossing between diploid and tetraploid cotton species is the inability of hybrid seeds to produce. Solving of these problems can be the first step in hybridizations programs. The artificial control of fertilization by the gibberellic acid (GA3) after crossing and hybrid embryo culture in the media will increase probability of hybrid plants production. In this study, three species named Sahel (tetraploid), Hashemabad (diploid) and Kashmar (diploid) were used. The parental species were planted on six plots and crosses were made between them. It must be noticed that we used Sahel species as paternal and the two diploid species as maternal species. As the study continues, two investigations were separately done on hybrids. Firstly, it consisted of using different amount of Gibberellic acid after pollination for the maintenance of bolls and secondly, 45 days embryos of all the crosses combined were cultured on liquid and solid M.S media. The results show that when hormone was not used, the amount of bolls that fell was 100%, but when Gibberellic acid was applied at 100ppm concentration, there was considerable differentiation in maintenance of bolls. The Hashemabad cultivar created bolls more than Kashmar but the percentage of seeds inside the bolls was so lower than Kashmar cultivar. In comparison between parents used and their hybrids, the latter's response was better. Also among the different media culture, it is seen that the growth of mature embryo in the liquid media was better than solid.Key word: Cotton, diploid species, tetraploid species, hybrid, media culture

Experimental Investigation of Local Scouring around a Series of L-Head Groynes

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Stability analysis for seed yield of chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) genotypes by experimental and biological approaches

A range of environmental factors restricts the production of chickpea; therefore, introducing compatible cultivars to a range of environments is an important goal in breeding programs. This research aims to find high-yielding and stable chickpea genotypes to rainfed condition. Fourteen advanced chickpea genotypes with two control cultivars were cultivated in a randomized complete block design in four regions of Iran during 2017–2020 growing seasons. The first two principal components of AMMI explained 84.6 and 10.0 % of genotype by environment interactions, respectively. Superior genotypes based on simultaneous selection index of ASV (ssiASV), ssiZA, ssiDi and ssiWAAS were G14, G5, G9 and G10; those based on ssiEV and ssiSIPC were G14, G5, G10 and G15 and those based on ssiMASD were G14, G5, G10 and G15. The AMMI1 biplot identified G5, G12, G10 and G9 as stable and high-yielding genotypes. Genotypes G6, G5, G10, G15, G14, G9 and G3 were the most stable genotypes in the AMMI2 biplot. Based on the harmonic mean and relative performance of genotypic values, G11, G14, G9 and G13 were the top four superior genotypes. Factorial regression indicated that rainfall is very important at the beginning and end of the growing seasons. Genotype G14, in many environments and all analytical and experimental approaches, has good performance and stability. Partial least squares regression identified genotype G5 as a suitable genotype for moisture and temperature stresses conditions. Therefore, G14 and G5 could be candidates for introduction of new cultivars

Using cellulose nanofiber as filler of urea formaldehyde resin in plywood manufacture

Abstract In this study, physical and mechanical properties of poplar (Populus nigra) plywood made by urea-formaldehyde resin along with nano fiber cellulose were studied. For this reason, the nanofiber cellulose as filler at five levels 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7% based on oven dry weight of resin were used. Physical and mechanical properties of the samples, including water absorption and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water, bending strength and modulus of elasticity (parallel and perpendicular to surface grain) and bonding shear strength were measured. The results showed that increasing the amount of nano fiber cellulose improved the dimentional stability of the boards. Also increasing the amount of nano fiber cellulose increases the bending strength and modulus of elasticity parallel to surface grain. On the other hand, increasing the amount of nano fiber cellulose increases the bonding shear strength but no significant differences observed between the different treatments

Identification of stable chickpeas under dryland conditions by mixed models

Abstract Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legume crops, mainly grown in tropical and subtropical climates. Evaluation of yield performance in crops under multienvironments is applied to verify the stability of cultivars. The aim of this study is to apply the analytical and experimental models to identify the high‐yielding and stable genotypes of chickpea under dryland conditions. Sixteen chickpea lines and two control cultivars were cultivated in randomized complete block design with three replications in four regions at three cropping seasons (2016–2019). Third type of biplot showed that G4, G15, G10, G9, and G18 were highly productive and widely stable. A selection index based on different weights of seed yield and WAASB stability indicated genotypes G7, G9, G15, G4, G16, G18, G12, and G5 were high yielding and stable. Data mining showed that high rainfall in winter can lead to high yield. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis indicated that rainfall in autumn and spring and low temperature in all of the three seasons involved in genotype by environment interaction (GEI). Factorial regression (FR) also indicated that temperature during spring and winter plays an important role in GEI. In conclusion, based on all experimental approaches, G15, G16, and G5 were stable and high‐yielding genotypes. The PLSR biplot indicated G15 was the genotype that less affected by high temperature in three seasons and lack of rainfall in spring and autumn, it can be used in cultivar introduction processes for dryland cultivation