Colore delle parole e temperatura dei silenzi nel teatro di Eduardo

«E chisto è 'o punto», per Eduardo, restituire alle parole il proprio colore, così come alle cose e ai gesti, resistere all'omologazione delle lingue che genera automatismo e imbroglio. Il suo è, dunque, un teatro di contraddizione, che incorpora il variopinto linguaggio della scena per innovarlo dall'interno, agendo da diritto e da rovescio sui prodotti artistici della nuova drammaturgia e della nuova recitazione. Il fenomeno emerge fin dagli anni Trenta, del mitico «blocco» I De Filippo; anni di sperimentazione laboratoriale, di continuità-discontinuità con la famiglia-compagnia d'origine, da cui prendere le distanze per fondersi nell'organismo della Compagnia Umoristica. Il fratello maggiore più inquieto (e attratto anche da Pirandello) comincia già a sperimentare, negli ambigui «giorni pari», quella tecnica dell'affabulazione e dei silenzi, che diventerà fondamentale nel Teatro di Eduardo con Titina, dopo la traumatica fuga del solista della comicità Peppino. Dalla metà degli anni Quaranta in poi quella tecnica, sostanziando la «trinità eretica» propriamente eduardiana -drammaturgia d'attore, mondo dialettale e teatro in lingua-, diventa l'elemento guida d'una contraddizione scenica diversa, ma sempre più evidente. Nei «giorni dispari», là dove il rapporto fra individuo e società non si ricostituisce prevalgono nell'arte della recitazione e della commedia del Grande Giuocoliero i monologhi, le pause, l'afasia ovvero il parlare senza le parole; perché nel suo romanzo teatrale, attraversato dal cuneo della comunicazione difficile, non solo dire ma anche non dire è fare. Grazie al colore emotivo delle parole, alla temperatura -calda o fredda- dei silenzi, i problemi del teatro del mondo s'incarnano o, se si preferisce, si denunciano.«And that is the point» for Eduardo -to give the word back its proper colour, the same for things and gestures, to resist any «officialization» of language which only generates automatism and deceit. His, therefore, is a theatre of contradiction, which incorporates the multicoloured language of the scene so that it can be created from within, acting his artistic products of new drama and new recitation from the prerogative and from the reverse. The phenomenon emerges at the end of the 30s, from the mythical «blocco» I De Filippo; the years of workshop experimentation, of continuity-discontinuity with the family-company of origin, from which the basics were embraced to emerge oneself in the Compagnia Umoristica organization. The more restless elder brother (also inspired by Pirandello) already begins to experiment in the ambiguity of «even days», exploring the techniques of the spoken word and silence, which would become fundamental in the Teatro di Eduardo con Titana, after the traumatic fleeing of the comedy front man Peppino. From the middle of the 40s this technique, embodying the Eduardo «heretic trinity» -the drama of the actor, the dialectal world and theatre in language-, becomes the guiding element of a diverse, yet ever more present, scenic contradiction. In «odd days», where the relationship between the individual and society is not reconstructed, the pauses, the aphasia or rather the speaking without words prevail in the art of recitation and the comedy of the Grande Giuocoliero i monologhi; this because, in his theatrical romance crossed with the wedge of difficult communication, both saying and not saying is doing. Thanks to the emotive colours of the words, to the temperature -hot or cold- of the silences, the problems of world theatre are incarnate or, if you prefer, denounce themselves

Il costo e il gratuito nel teatro di Eduardo De Filippo: "Non ti pago", "Filumena Marturano", "L’arte della commedia"

The theme of cost and free runs through Eduardo De Filippo’s plays as one of the red threads it is woven with, with different fineness and weaves but always semantically pregnant. The three aforesaid plays belong to three different stages in Eduardo De Filippo’s intensive career as a playwright – Non ti pago! (1940), Filumena Marturano (1946), L’arte della commedia (1961) –, from the “Cantata dei giorni pari” to the “Cantata dei giorni dispari”. So, they also offer an opportunity to explore the dimensions of a theme that, under the (not negligible) cloak of a financial transaction, embodies anthropological, ethical and symbolical values: from the title line in Non ti pago (“I won’t pay you”), hinting at the typical Neapolitan dream-trading custom that is the lottery, to the climaxing line in Filumena (“Children are not for sale”), which expresses the universal feel of a Medea the other way around, through to the prepaid expulsion order, which is decorously turned down by Campese, the actor-manager who engages the short-sighted Authority (both ancient and modern) in a fight by “coups de theatre” that create havoc and call for the endorsement not just of the art of comedy, but of the very value of culture as well.The theme of cost and free runs through Eduardo De Filippo’s plays as one of the red threads it is woven with, with different fineness and weaves but always semantically pregnant. The three aforesaid plays belong to three different stages in Eduardo De Filippo’s intensive career as a playwright – Non ti pago! (1940), Filumena Marturano (1946), L’arte della commedia (1961) –, from the “Cantata dei giorni pari” to the “Cantata dei giorni dispari”. So, they also offer an opportunity to explore the dimensions of a theme that, under the (not negligible) cloak of a financial transaction, embodies anthropological, ethical and symbolical values: from the title line in Non ti pago (“I won’t pay you”), hinting at the typical Neapolitan dream-trading custom that is the lottery, to the climaxing line in Filumena (“Children are not for sale”), which expresses the universal feel of a Medea the other way around, through to the prepaid expulsion order, which is decorously turned down by Campese, the actor-manager who engages the short-sighted Authority (both ancient and modern) in a fight by “coups de theatre” that create havoc and call for the endorsement not just of the art of comedy, but of the very value of culture as well

D-aspartate oxidase gene duplication induces social recognition memory deficit in mice and intellectual disabilities in humans

The D-aspartate oxidase (DDO) gene encodes the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of D-aspartate, an atypical amino acid enriched in the mammalian brain and acting as an endogenous NMDA receptor agonist. Considering the key role of NMDA receptors in neurodevelopmental disorders, recent findings suggest a link between D-aspartate dysmetabolism and schizophrenia. To clarify the role of D-aspartate on brain development and functioning, we used a mouse model with constitutive Ddo overexpression and D-aspartate depletion. In these mice, we found reduced number of BrdU-positive dorsal pallium neurons during corticogenesis, and decreased cortical and striatal gray matter volume at adulthood. Brain abnormalities were associated with social recognition memory deficit at juvenile phase, suggesting that early D-aspartate occurrence influences neurodevelopmental related phenotypes. We corroborated this hypothesis by reporting the first clinical case of a young patient with severe intellectual disability, thought disorders and autism spectrum disorder symptomatology, harboring a duplication of a chromosome 6 region, including the entire DDO gene

Covid-19 And Rheumatic Autoimmune Systemic Diseases: Role of Pre-Existing Lung Involvement and Ongoing Treatments

The Covid-19 pandemic may have a deleterious impact on patients with autoimmune systemic diseases (ASD) due to their deep immune-system alterations

Geographical heterogeneity of clinical and serological phenotypes of systemic sclerosis observed at tertiary referral centres. The experience of the Italian SIR-SPRING registry and review of the world literature

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by a complex etiopathogenesis encompassing both host genetic and environmental -infectious/toxic- factors responsible for altered fibrogenesis and diffuse microangiopathy. A wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes may be observed in patients' populations from different geographical areas. We investigated the prevalence of specific clinical and serological phenotypes in patients with definite SSc enrolled at tertiary referral centres in different Italian geographical macro-areas. The observed findings were compared with those reported in the world literature.Materials and methods: The clinical features of 1538 patients (161 M, 10.5%; mean age 59.8 +/- 26.9 yrs.; mean disease duration 8.9 +/- 7.7 yrs) with definite SSc recruited in 38 tertiary referral centres of the SPRING (Systemic sclerosis Progression INvestiGation Group) registry promoted by Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) were obtained and clustered according to Italian geographical macroareas.Results: Patients living in Southern Italy were characterized by more severe clinical and/or serological SSc phenotypes compared to those in Northern and Central Italy; namely, they show increased percentages of diffuse cutaneous SSc, digital ulcers, sicca syndrome, muscle involvement, arthritis, cardiopulmonary symptoms, interstitial lung involvement at HRCT, as well increased prevalence of serum anti-Scl70 autoantibodies. In the same SSc population immunusppressive drugs were frequently employed. The review of the literature underlined the geographical heterogeneity of SSc phenotypes, even if the observed findings are scarcely comparable due to the variability of methodological approaches.Conclusion: The phenotypical differences among SSc patients' subgroups from Italian macro-areas might be correlated to genetic/environmental co-factors, and possibly to a not equally distributed national network of information and healthcare facilities

A Cryogenic Silicon Interferometer for Gravitational-wave Detection

The detection of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers by LIGO has opened the era of gravitational wave astronomy, revealing a previously hidden side of the cosmos. To maximize the reach of the existing LIGO observatory facilities, we have designed a new instrument able to detect gravitational waves at distances 5 times further away than possible with Advanced LIGO, or at greater than 100 times the event rate. Observations with this new instrument will make possible dramatic steps toward understanding the physics of the nearby Universe, as well as observing the Universe out to cosmological distances by the detection of binary black hole coalescences. This article presents the instrument design and a quantitative analysis of the anticipated noise floor

A Cryogenic Silicon Interferometer for Gravitational-wave Detection

The detection of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers by LIGO has opened the era of gravitational wave astronomy, revealing a previously hidden side of the cosmos. To maximize the reach of the existing LIGO observatory facilities, we have designed a new instrument that will have 5 times the range of Advanced LIGO, or greater than 100 times the event rate. Observations with this new instrument will make possible dramatic steps toward understanding the physics of the nearby universe, as well as observing the universe out to cosmological distances by the detection of binary black hole coalescences. This article presents the instrument design and a quantitative analysis of the anticipated noise floor

Influence of Antisynthetase Antibodies Specificities on Antisynthetase Syndrome Clinical Spectrum TimeCourse

Introduction: Increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality is observed in inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. However, the management of CV disease in these conditions is far from being well established.Areas covered: This review summarizes the main epidemiologic, pathophysiological, and clinical risk factors of CV disease associated with IJDs. Less common aspects on early diagnosis and risk stratification of the CV disease in these conditions are also discussed. In Europe, the most commonly used risk algorithm in patients with IJDs is the modified SCORE index based on the revised recommendations proposed by the EULAR task force in 2017.Expert opinion: Early identification of IJD patients at high risk of CV disease is essential. It should include the use of complementary noninvasive imaging techniques. A multidisciplinary approach aimed to improve heart-healthy habits, including strict control of classic CV risk factors is crucial. Adequate management of the underlying IJD is also of main importance since the reduction of disease activity decreases the risk of CV events. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have a lesser harmful effect in IJD than in the general population, due to their anti-inflammatory effects along with other potential beneficial effects.This research was partially funded by FOREUM—Foundation for Research in Rheumatolog

COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases in Italy: first results from the Italian registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (CONTROL-19)

OBJECTIVES: Italy was one of the first countries significantly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. The Italian Society for Rheumatology promptly launched a retrospective and anonymised data collection to monitor COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), the CONTROL-19 surveillance database, which is part of the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. METHODS: CONTROL-19 includes patients with RMDs and proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) updated until May 3rd 2020. In this analysis, only molecular diagnoses were included. The data collection covered demographic data, medical history (general and RMD-related), treatments and COVID-19 related features, treatments, and outcome. In this paper, we report the first descriptive data from the CONTROL-19 registry. RESULTS: The population of the first 232 patients (36% males) consisted mainly of elderly patients (mean age 62.2 years), who used corticosteroids (51.7%), and suffered from multi-morbidity (median comorbidities 2). Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent disease (34.1%), followed by spondyloarthritis (26.3%), connective tissue disease (21.1%) and vasculitis (11.2%). Most cases had an active disease (69.4%). Clinical presentation of COVID-19 was typical, with systemic symptoms (fever and asthenia) and respiratory symptoms. The overall outcome was severe, with high frequencies of hospitalisation (69.8%), respiratory support oxygen (55.7%), non-invasive ventilation (20.9%) or mechanical ventilation (7.5%), and 19% of deaths. Male patients typically manifested a worse prognosis. Immunomodulatory treatments were not significantly associated with an increased risk of intensive care unit admission/mechanical ventilation/death. CONCLUSIONS: Although the report mainly includes the most severe cases, its temporal and spatial trend supports the validity of the national surveillance system. More complete data are being acquired in order to both test the hypothesis that RMD patients may have a different outcome from that of the general population and determine the safety of immunomodulatory treatments