Desempenho e caracter?sticas de carca?a de bovinos confinados alimentados com dietas de alta e baixa inclus?o de lip?deos

O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de bovinos de dois grupamentos gen?ticos confinados recebendo dietas com diferentes n?veis de lip?deos. Foram utilizados 40 bovinos inteiros dos grupos gen?ticos Brangus e Nelore, com idade m?dia de 20 meses e peso corporal inicial m?dio de 361 ? 20 e 357 ? 10 kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram confinados durante 83 dias. Metade dos animais de cada grupo gen?tico foi submetida a uma dieta com baixo n?vel de lip?deos (pr?xima a 3% de extrato et?reo na mat?ria seca) e a outra metade, a uma dieta alta em lip?deos (acima de 6% de extrato et?reo na mat?ria seca), tendo o caro?o de algod?o como fonte de lip?deo. As dietas continham silagem de sorgo e concentrado na rela??o de 30: 70 e eram isoproteicas e isoenerg?ticas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (Brangus ou Nelore vs. Baixa Gordura X Alta Gordura) . N?o houve diferen?as (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos quanto ao peso inicial, peso final, ingest?o de mat?ria seca, oferta de mat?ria seca, sobras, rela??o sobras/ingerido, rela??o sobra/ofertado e ganho m?dio di?rio, ingest?o de mat?ria seca como porcentagem do peso vivo e ganho m?dio di?rio. Entretanto, houve diferen?as (P<0,05) para efici?ncia alimentar e convers?o alimentar entre os grupos gen?ticos, sendo que os animais da ra?a Nelore foram mais eficientes e tiveram uma melhor convers?o alimentar. N?o houve diferen?as (P>0,05) entre as dietas e grupamento racial tampouco intera??es entre as seguintes vari?veis: conforma??o, maturidade fisiol?gica, cor, textura, ?rea de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcut?nea, profundidade externa, profundidade interna, peso do f?gado e peso da gordura perirrenal. Os animais Nelore tiveram um maior peso de carca?a se comparados com os Brangus (P<0,05) e tamb?m tiveram um melhor rendimento de carca?a (P<0,05). A digestibilidade das dietas foi determinada em experimento paralelo ao confinamento, utilizando-se doze novilhas Nelore, durante dois per?odos e n?o houve diferen?as para digestibilidade das dietas (P>0,05). A inclus?o de caro?o de algod?o em dietas para animais em confinamento variando o n?vel de extrato et?reo n?o alterou o desempenho e caracter?sticas de carca?a dos animais Nelore e Brangus.Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.The objective was to evaluate the productive performance of two genetic groups in receiving diets with different levels of lipids in the feedlot. Forty Brangus and Nellore bulls with average initial body weight of 361 ? 20 and 357 ? 10 kg, respectively, were utilized. The feedlot period was 83 days. Half of the animals from each group was subjected to a diet with low level of lipids (close to 3% of ether extract in dry-matter basis) and the other half, to a high-lipid diet (above 6% of ether extract in dry-matter basis), with cottonseed as the lipid source. Diets contained sorghum silage and concentrate in a 30: 70 ratio and were isoproteic and isocaloric. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangemet (Brangus or Nellore vs. Low-fat diet vs. High-fat diet). There were no differences (P>0.05) between treatments for initial and final body weight, dry matter intake, dry matter offer, orts, orts/intake ratio, orts/offered ratio, average daily gain, dry matter intake as percentage of body weight. However, there were differences (P<0.05) for feed efficiency and feed conversion between breeding groups, with Nellore animals being better. There were no differences (P>0.05) between diets and breeding groups neither interaction for the following variables: conformation, physiological maturity, color, texture, ribeye area, fat thickness, external depth, internal depth, liver weight, and perirenal fat weight. Nellore animals had greater carcass weight compared with Brangus and had better carcass yield. Digestibility of diets was determined in a parallel experiment, utilizing 12 Nellore heifers, during two periods. There were no differences (P>0.05). The inclusion of cottonseed in diets for feedlot animals varying the level of ether extract did not affected the performance and carcass traits of Nellore and Brangus animals

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Professores e Alunos: o engendramento da violência da escola

The school violence engendering is partially analyzed, considering the violence production in the school environment. This is a bibliographic research with quantitative and qualitative approach. Sources: 77 theses and 15 dissertations carried out in Brazil (2007 to 2012). Data collection and organization: Content Analysis. Main reference: Bernard Charlot and Pierre Bourdieu. Results: the sources showed that Brazilian teachers participate effectively in the school violence engendering, contributing to violence production in the school environment. The students are the main victims. The teacher is less affected by physical and verbal violence. The symbolic power is the most perpetrated by the teacher against the student. The school also plays a major role in it.Analisa-se o engendramento de uma face da violência da escola, tendo em vista a produção da violência em espaço escolar. Pesquisa bibliográfica quanti-qualitativa. Fontes: 77 dissertações e 15 teses produzidas no Brasil (2007 a 2012). Coleta e organização dos dados: Análise de Conteúdo. Fundamentação base: Bernard Charlot e Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: as fontes apontaram que professores brasileiros são protagonistas na constituição da violência da escola, contribuindo para a produção da violência em espaço escolar. Os alunos são as principais vítimas dessa violência. O professor sofre menos violência física e verbal do que o aluno. A violência simbólica é a mais usada pelo professor contra o aluno. A escola também usa desse expediente