BRICS: situación de Brasil y África del Sur en el contexto regional

Anais do VI Encontro de Iniciação Científica e II Encontro Anual de Iniciação ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação – EICTI 2017 - 04 a 06 de outubro de 2017 - temática Ciências HumanasEl presente artículo pretende plasmar la situación de dos países miembros del grupo BRICS: Brasil y África del Sur, en el ámbito de relaciones con sus vecinos regionales y estrategias geopolíticas. Previamente, es importante mencionar que desde 2009, el grupo de economías emergentes resolvió reunirse anualmente y en cada declaración de cúpula, se resalta la importancia de que estas economías en desarrollo presentaran mayor representación en las Instituciones financieras internacionales. Todas ellas tienen el potencial para desempeñar un papel activo como motor de conocimiento económico próspero, como también, comprometerse a trabajar para que el desarrollo económico sea global al igual que la inserción socialUniversidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Fundação Araucária; Parque Tecnológico Itaipu (PTI) e Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR

Corporate Social Responsibility and Horizontal Differentiation in Imperfect Competitive Markets with Global Warming Effects

Abstract: This study develops a model of corporate social responsibility (CSR) behavior that is compatible with both the mutual goals of profit maximization and the reduction of global warming effects. The theory developed in this paper indicates that, under perfect competitive and unregulated markets, firms must take an innovative entrepreneurship approach to reduce global warming externalities, and, consequently, respond to the demands of stakeholders to behave in a CSR fashion. In this setting, managers and firms find incentives to pursue strategies leading to horizontal differentiation when a segment of the market has strong revealed consumption preferences for environmentally friendly products, and when consumers derive a consumption disutility from products creating global warming effects. To achieve these goals, firms using a safe technology also incur certification/labeling costs in order to gain market power. That is, this study demonstrates that, in unregulated competitive markets, efforts to clearly identify sources of global warming effects require innovative entrepreneurship thinking above and beyond government regulatory efforts. Thus, firms behaving in a CSR fashion may achieve monopolistic power, and therefore positive profits. In sum, our model demonstrates that CSR is compatible with the triple bottom line of economic, social and environmental performance

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or ?Maurella? (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within Solanum L. The pantropical clade consists of 75 currently recognised non-spiny herbaceous and suffrutescent species with simple or branched hairs with or without glandular tips, with a centre of distribution in the tropical Andes. A secondary centre of diversity is found in Africa, where a set of mainly polyploid taxa occur. A yet smaller set of species is found in Australasia and Europe, including Solanum nigrum L., the type of the genus Solanum. Due to the large number of published synonyms, combined with complex morphological variation, our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has remained poor despite detailed morphological studies carried out in conjunction with breeding experiments. Here we provide the first taxonomic overview since the 19th century of the entire group in the Old World, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific. Complete synonymy, morphological descriptions, distribution maps and common names and uses are provided for all 19 species occurring outside the Americas (i.e. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific). We treat 12 species native to the Old World, as well as 7 taxa that are putatively introduced and/or invasive in the region. The current knowledge of the origin of the polyploid species is summarised. A key to all of the species occurring in the Old World is provided, together with line drawings and colour figures to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field. Preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.Fil: Sarkinen, T.. University Of Edinburgh; Reino UnidoFil: Poczai, P.

A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in North and Central America and the Caribbean

The Morelloid Clade, also known as the black nightshades or "Maurella" (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within the mega-diverse genus Solanum L. The clade is most species rich in the central to southern Andes, but species occur around the tropics and subtropics, some extending well into the temperate zone. Plants of the group are herbaceous or short-lived perennials, with small white or purplish white flowers, and small juicy berries. Due to the complex morphological variation and weedy nature of these plants, coupled with the large number of published synonyms (especially for European taxa), our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid Clade has lagged behind that of other major groups in Solanum. Here we provide the second in a three-part series of revisions of the morelloid solanums treating the species occurring in North and Central America and the Caribbean (for the Old World see "PhytoKeys 106", the third part will treat species of South America). Synonymy, morphological descriptions, distribution maps, and common names and uses are provided for all 18 species occurring in this region. We treat 10 of these species as native, and eight as putatively naturalised, introduced and/or invasive in the region. We provide complete descriptions with nomenclatural details, including lecto- and neotypifications, for all species. Keys to all species occurring in the whole region and for each area within it (i.e., North America, Central America and Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean), illustrations to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field, and distribution maps are provided. Preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species. Details of all specimens examined are provided in three Supplementary materials sections.Fil: Knapp, Sandra. Natural History Museum; Reino UnidoFil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bohs, Lynn. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Sarkinen, Tina. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unid

La Inserción Internacional de Brasil como miembro del grupo BRICS durante el gobierno Lula (2003 – 2010)

Trabajo de Conclusión de Curso presentado al Programa de Graduación en Relaciones Internacionales e Integración del Instituto de Economía, Sociedad y Política de la Universidad Federal de Integración Latinoamericana (UNILA), como requisito parcial para la obtención del título de Licenciada en Relaciones Internacionales. Orientadora: Profa. Marina Machado GouveaEl presente trabajo se propone destacar el desarrollo, tanto regional como internacional, obtenido por Brasil durante el Gobierno de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 – 2010) en ámbitos no únicamente económicos y comerciales. Se coloca énfasis en las estrategias de política externa y diplomáticas adoptadas por el Gobierno en su agenda internacional para obtener una inserción efectiva a nivel global. Para dicha inserción, se hace necesario evaluar su ingreso y participación en el grupo de economías consideradas en desarrollo, es decir, las economías que conforman el acrónimo BRICS y que presentan un papel de destaque en el escenario internacional. A través de los conocimientos sobre sistema mundo de Wallerstein y la teoría marxista de la dependencia planteada por Marini, se pretende observar y sintetizar el rol adoptado por Brasil al ser reconocido como potencia regional – resaltando las relaciones de cooperación Sur – Sur - y potencia media a nivel internacional en conjunto con los demás miembros del BRICS.O presente trabalho propor-se destacar o desenvolvimento, tanto regional como internacional, obtido pelo Brasil durante o Governo de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 – 2010) em áreas não só econômicas e comerciais. Coloca-se ênfase nas estratégias de política externa e diplomáticas adotadas pelo Governo na sua agenda internacional para obter uma inserção efetiva a nível global. Para dita inserção, torna-se necessária avaliar seu ingresso e participação no grupo de economias consideradas em desenvolvimento, quer dizer, as economias que conformam o acrônimo BRICS e que apresentam um papel de destaque no cenário internacional. Através dos conhecimentos sobre sistema mundo do Wallerstein e a teoria marxista da dependência levantada por Marini, pretende-se observar e sintetizar o rol adotado pelo Brasil ao ser reconhecido como potencia regional – ressaltando as relações de cooperação Sul – Sul – e potencia media a nível internacional em conjunto com os demais membros do BRIC

The Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Argentina: Nomenclatural changes, three new species and an updated key to all taxa

Since the publication of the Solanaceae treatment in “Flora Argentina” in 2013 exploration in the country and resolution of outstanding nomenclatural and circumscription issues has resulted in a number of changes to the species of the Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) for Argentina. Here we describe three new species: Solanum hunzikeri Chiarini & Cantero, sp. nov., from wet high elevation areas in Argentina (Catamarca, Salta and Tucumán) and Bolivia (Chuquisaca and Tarija), S. marmoratum Barboza & S.Knapp, sp. nov., from central Argentina in Catamarca, La Pampa, La Rioja, San Juan and San Luis, and S. tiinae Barboza & S.Knapp, sp. nov., from the mountains of Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta and Tucumán. We provide descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps for all new taxa. A table of nomenclatural changes and additional taxa now known to occur in Argentina summarizes additions and changes since the “Flora Argentina”. We also provide an updated key, including all new taxa for the country, to facilitate identification and further exploration.Fil: Knapp, Sandra. British Museum (Natural History); Reino UnidoFil: Chiarini, Franco Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Cantero, Juan Jose. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Biología Agrícola; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

A ESCOLA E A FAMÍLIA NA FORMAÇÃO DA CIDADANIA

A educação na formação da cidadania confere importância ao cotidiano escolar. A responsabilidade daescola nesta batalha envolve toda a comunidade escolar, desenvolvendo atividades necessárias que contribuempara a formação do “ser” cidadão. Essa rotina deve ser estruturada através de técnicas do dia a dia, a fim de despertara curiosidade e o interesse do aluno. A escola também deve desenvolver atividades que possam interagircom a família, já que ela faz parte do primeiro contato do ser humano com o mundo. Esse envolvimento e a uniãodesses dois eixos - escola e família - contribuem muito no ensino-aprendizagem do aluno quando nos referimos àcidadania, que é um assunto amplamente discutido na atual sociedade

Integración de información médica utilizando tecnología de agentes móviles

Plantea la Integración de la información médica del paciente haciendo uso de la tecnología de agentes móviles, para dar solución al problema del acceso a la historia clínica desde diferentes establecimientos de salud. Para ello se pone a disposición el análisis y diseño de un Sistema Integrado de Consulta de Información Médica, con cuya implementación el profesional médico tendrá accesibilidad a la información desde cualquier establecimiento de salud haciendo eficiente el servicio en beneficio del paciente.Trabajo de suficiencia profesiona

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk is associate to weight gain and growth in premature infants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Linoleic 18:2 (n-6) and α-linolenic 18:3 (n-3) essential fatty acids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are essential nutrients for growth and neonatal development. Consumption of preformed n-3 LC-PUFA has been shown to increase gestational duration and to decrease the incidence of premature birth in human studies. This study evaluated the association of essential fatty acids and LC-PUFA in breast milk on the growth of premature children (weight, height and head circumference).</p> <p>Study design</p> <p>Thirty-seven premature infants with a gestational age of 37 weeks or less were followed until 6 months of gestational age, adjusted for prematurity. The milk from mothers, weight, height and head circumference measures of children were collected during the follow up. The breast milk fatty acids were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our results showed that total n-3 PUFA was positively associated with weight gain (<it>p </it>= 0.05), height (<it>p </it>= 0.04) and body mass index (BMI) of children (<it>p </it>= 0.05). Our results also indicate that both linoleic acid and total essential fatty acids were positively associated with BMI and head circumference, whereas oleic acid was positively associated only with head circumference.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that the n-3 PUFA composition of milk may be associated with weight gain and growth. Considering the advantages of n-3 LC-PUFA consumption on infant growth and visual function and its association with reduced incidence of premature birth, dietitians should advise pregnant women to increase their intake of foods high in n-3 LC-PUFA.</p

The evaluation of the 3-30-300 green space rule and mental health

Background and aims: Urban green space has many health benefits, but it is still unclear how much actually is needed for better health. Recently a new 3-30-300 rule of thumb for urban forestry and urban greening has been proposed, but this rule has not been evaluated for benefits on health. The rule requires that every citizen should be able to see at least three trees from their home, have 30 percent tree canopy cover in their neighbourhood and not live more than 300 m away from the nearest park or green space. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the 3-30-300 green space rule and its components in relation to mental health. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a population-based sample of 3145 individuals aged 15-97 years from in Barcelona, Spain who participated in the Barcelona Health Survey (2016-2017). We created 3-30-300 green space indicators using questionnaire data, GIS, remote sensing and land cover maps. Mental health status was assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and also the use of tranquilizer/sedatives or antidepressants and psychiatrist or psychologist visits. Analyses were conducted using mixed effects logistic regression models with districts as the random effect, adjusted for relevant covariates. Results: We found that people in Barcelona had relatively little exposure to green space, whether through window view, living in an area with sufficient greenness, or access to a major green space, and only 4.7% met a surrogate 3-30-300 green space rule. Residential surrounding greenness, but not tree window view or access to major green space, was significantly associated with better mental health, less medication use, and fewer psychologist or psychiatrist visits. Meeting the full surrogate 3-30-300 green space rule was associated with better mental health, less medication use, and fewer psychologist or psychiatrist visits, but only for the latter combined the association was statistically significant (Odds ratio = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.91). Conclusion: Few people achieved the 3-30-300 green space in Barcelona and we used a surrogate measure. We observed health benefits when the full surrogate rule was met