NEW SURVEYING METHODS FOR MAPPING

Nell’ambito delle attività finalizzate alla realizzazione di Cartografia e di Basi di Dati Territoriali, le moderne tecnologie mettono a disposizione tecniche di rilievo che, fatta salva la precisione necessaria alla scala della carta da costruire, consentono un alto livello di produttività. Una fase importante del processo di rilevamento della posizione dei punti utili alla realizzazione della Cartografia è quella dell’inquadramento nel Sistema Cartografico Nazionale. A questo proposito occorre considerare le novità intervenute nella definizione da parte dell’IGM del nuovo riferimento geodetico italiano, oggi incentrato nel frame denominato Rete Dinamica Nazionale. Nella nota si presentano alcuni elementi di recente introduzione nella pratica operativa del rilievo, ormai incentrato sull’uso di ricevitori satellitari, in particolare le strutture che consentono il rilievo di precisione in tempi brevissimi, le reti di stazioni permanenti interoperanti in tempo reale.The surveying of points to carry out the photogrammetric and mapping process can be done with modern techniques, subject to two principal requirements: to achieve the accuracy necessary for the scale of the map to be built, but also allowing a high level of productivity. In the process of acquisition of the points position is included the phase of insertion of the new network in the national geodetic frame and in the Cartographic System. In the note we present some innovative features: the current geodetic infrastructure (RDN) that allows the inclusion in the National Geodetic and Cartographic System, the evolution of the GPS technique, from static GPS baseline to the real time surveys allowed by the use of NRTK

The new Geodetic Reference System in Italy: an opportunity or a nuisance?

Maurizio Barbarella, "Il nuovo Sistema Geodetico Nazionale: una opportunità o un impiccio? = The new Geodetic Reference System in Italy: an opportunity or a nuisance?", in: Bollettino dell'Associazione Italiana di Cartografia, 153 (2015), pp.4-18Il Sistema di Riferimento di una nazione costituisce il linguaggio comune col quale esprimere la posizione dei dati geografici, in qualunque parte della nazione e con qualunque tecnica e qualunque precisione essi vengano acquisiti. Recentemente è stato introdotto in Italia dal Sistema di Riferimento Europeo ETRFOO secondo le indicazioni di INSPIRE e quindi nella prospettiva di facilitare l'interscambio dei dati geografici a livello di Unione Europea. Durante il Convegno ASITA tenutosi a Firenze nel 2014 i partecipanti a una Ta vola Rotonda hanno discusso le nuove prospettive che si aprono allacomunità che opera in ambito geomatico e la necessità di definire le modalità più appropriate e condivise per transitare al nuovo sistema, dalla realizzazione e manutenzione della rete che sostanzia il sistema geodetico, alla transizione dei dati pregressi al nuovo sistema di coordinate, all'interscambio dei dati. Nella Tavola Rotonda si è anche discusso il fatto che il Sistema di Riferimento non ha però la stessa valenza per tutti gli operatori: per alcune applicazioni l'inserimento in esso è centrale, anzi apre nuove prospettive, per altri è ininfluente e per altri è tutto sommato marginale, non privo di costi. In questo numero del Bollettino AIC i Relatori della Tavola Rotonda sviluppano le tesi e le informazioni presentate al Convegno. Questa nota in particolare presenta un quadro introduttivo al problema, oltre alle opinioni al riguardo dell'autore.A national Reference System is a common language which permits to express geographical data, no matter where they have been collected or with which technique or at what level of precision. Recently it has also been introduced in Italy the European Reference System ETRS89,Frame ETRFOO, in the perspective of facilitating the exchange of geographic data at EU. During the conference ASITA held in Florence in 2014 participants in a round-table discussed the new prospects opened up to the community which work in the geomatic field and therefore the necessity to define the most appropriate methods to transform the data prior to the new DATUM. The panel also discusses the fact that the reference system does not have the same value for all stakeholders: for some applications the inclusion in a reference system is central point for others it is irrelevant and for other is a phase altogether marginal and not at all costless. In this issue of the AIC Bulletin the Speakers develop the thesis and the information presented at the Conference. This note presents an introductory framework to the problem, as well as the opinions of the author about the subject

Experimental evidence of replica symmetry breaking in random lasers

Spin-glass theory is one of the leading paradigms of complex physics and describes condensed matter, neural networks and biological systems, ultracold atoms, random photonics, and many other research fields. According to this theory, identical systems under identical conditions may reach different states and provide different values for observable quantities. This effect is known as Replica Symmetry Breaking and is revealed by the shape of the probability distribution function of an order parameter named the Parisi overlap. However, a direct experimental evidence in any field of research is still missing. Here we investigate pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in random lasers, we introduce and measure the analogue of the Parisi overlap in independent experimental realizations of the same disordered sample, and we find that the distribution function yields evidence of a transition to a glassy light phase compatible with a replica symmetry breaking.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Random laser from engineered nanostructures obtained by surface tension driven lithography

The random laser emission from the functionalized thienyl-S,S-dioxide quinquethiophene (T5OCx) in confined patterns with different shapes is demonstrated. Functional patterning of the light emitter organic material in well defined features is obtained by spontaneous molecular self-assembly guided by surface tension driven (STD) lithography. Such controlled supramolecular nano-aggregates act as scattering centers allowing the fabrication of one-component organic lasers with no external resonator and with desired shape and efficiency. Atomic force microscopy shows that different geometric pattern with different supramolecular organization obtained by the lithographic process tailors the coherent emission properties by controlling the distribution and the size of the random scatterers

Efficient second harmonic generation from thin films of V-shaped benzo[b]thiophene based molecules

We have designed an original approach for efficient Second Harmonic Generation of tailored V-shape benzo[b]thiophene molecular systems enabling versatile and flexible one-step, dry and technologically friendly thin film processing. The designed moieties show χ(2) values at least as high as the reference LiNbO3 single crystal, without poling processing and matching the constrains of integrated optical configuration for nonlinear optical devices. This may open the way to a new class of organic materials exploitable for photonic applications

A novel mutation in NDUFB11 unveils a new clinical phenotype associated with lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia

NDUFB11, a component of mitochondrial complex I, is a relatively small integral membrane protein, belonging to the 'supernumerary' group of subunits, but proved to be absolutely essential for the assembly of an active complex I. Mutations in in the X-linked nuclear encoded NDUFB11 gene have recently been discovered in association with two distinct phenotypes, i.e. microphthalmia with linear skin defects and histiocytoid cardiomyopathy. We report on a male with complex I deficiency, caused by a de novo mutation in NDUFB11 and displaying early onset sideroblastic anemia as the unique feature. This is the third report that describes a mutation in NDUFB11 but all are associated to a different phenotype. Our results further expand the molecular spectrum and associated clinical phenotype of NDUFB11 defects

Self-assembly and charge transport properties of a benzobisthiazole end-capped with dihexylthienothiophene units

The synthesis of a new conjugated material is reported; BDHTT–BBT features a central electron-deficient benzobisthiazole capped with two 3,6-dihexyl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the HOMO (−5.7 eV) and LUMO (−2.9 eV) levels. The solid-state properties of the compound were investigated by X-ray diffraction on single-crystal and thin-film samples. OFETs were constructed with vacuum deposited films of BDHTT–BBT. The films displayed phase transitions over a range of temperatures and the morphology of the films affected the charge transport properties of the films. The maximum hole mobility observed from bottom-contact, top-gate devices was 3 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, with an on/off ratio of 104–105 and a threshold voltage of −42 V. The morphological and self-assembly characteristics versus electronic properties are discussed for future improvement of OFET devices

LANDSLIDE MONITORING USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER: GEOREFERENCING AND CANOPY FILTERING ISSUES IN A CASE STUDY

In order to define a methodology that faces the major critical issues, we used a Terrestrial Laser Scanner to monitor a large landslide that caused significant disruptions both to an important state road and to a major railway line in Italy. To survey the landslide we used three different models of Terrestrial Laser Scanners, including a "full wave form" one, potentially useful for filtering vegetation from the data. The output of each measurement campaign is a Digital Surface Model referred to a unique reference system. Starting from the DSMs we produced the Digital Terrain Models, one for each survey. The use of different models of TLS together with the software packages recommended by the companies for data processing, allowed us to compare the surveys and to evaluate the reliability and the accuracy of results. The comparison of data has been useful in order to identify and analyse over time the areas of greatest deformation and the directions of landslide movement and it also gives us some elements about the validity of the technique in this kind of applications. The laser surveys have shown a strong dynamic of the slope but have also highlighted some difficulties in order to efficiently filtering the data. Using two different kinds of TLS, full wave form and mono eco, on the same portion of landslide allows us to make comparisons between the two methodologies for landslide monitoring in a real-world context