‘Music is my AK-47’: performing resistance in Belfast's rebel music scene

This article examines how some Irish republicans have used ‘rebel songs’ as a means to resist the hegemonic power of the British state, and how militant republicanism is invoked musically, through sonic and physical references to gunfire. It explores how the use of rebel songs has changed, the inherent tensions within today's scene, and how republicans attempt to co‐opt other conflicts as a means to strengthen their claim as resistance fighters. The article also analyses more nuanced resistances within the rebel music scene, exploring how competing republican factions use the same music to express opposing political positions, and why some musicians ultimately leave the scene on account of the musical and political restrictions placed upon them. In so doing, the article connects with ongoing attempts to rethink, remap, and develop new approaches to resistance within anthropology, while contributing to the developing subfield of ‘ethnomusicology in times of trouble’

Microstructural Evolution of Nb-V-Mo and V Containing TRIP assisted Steels during Thermomechanical Processing

The microstructural evolution and precipitation behaviour of Nb-V-Mo and single V containing transformation induced plasticity assisted steels were investigated during thermomechanical processing. A plane strain compression testing machine was used to simulate the thermomechanical processing. Microstructures were characterised by optical microscopy, scanning-transmission electron microscopy and microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and Vickers hardness was obtained from the deformed specimens. The resulting microstructure of both Nb-V-Mo and V steels at room temperature primarily consisted of an acicular/bainitic ferrite, retained austenite and martensite surrounded by allotriomorphic ferrite. The TEM analysis showed that a significant number of Nb(V,Mo)(C,N) precipitates were formed in the microstructure down to the finishing stage in Nb-V-Mo steel (i.e. 830 °C). It was also found that the V(C,N) precipitation primarily occurred in both ferrite and deformed austenite below the finishing stage. The results suggested that Nb-Mo additions considerably increased the temperature stability of microalloy precipitates and controlled the microstructural evolution of austenite. However, the microalloy precipitation did not cause a significant precipitation strengthening in both Nb-V-Mo and V steels at room temperature

The relation between the producer and consumer price indices: a two-country study

© 2017, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., part of Springer Nature. Marketing managers are often in a dilemma about which pricing index to rely on while calculating the annual increase in the prices for their product. To provide insights that can reduce this dilemma, a critical comparison of the Producer Price index and consumer price index is called for. In this study, the relation between the Producer Price Index (PPI) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) was investigated through a comparison between Turkey and UK. Unlike many other previous studies, this study tried to determine the dominant pricing approach in an economy by examining the relation between the producer and consumer prices. In this context, VAR, impulse-response, variance decomposition, and Granger causality tests were used for the analyses of time series data. The results of study showed that there was bidirectional causality between the producer and consumer prices in both countries. Therefore, it was asserted that businesses in both countries generally apply mixed pricing approach. The results thus provide some interesting insights that can aid marketing managers in their pricing decisions

The Effect of Niobium Microalloying on Processing and Application Properties of Dual Phase Steel

Dual phase steel is widely used in today’s car body manufacturing. Its characteristics of high n- value and good elongation (A80) are the basis of good press formability. However, practical experience has shown unexpected failure in forming operations where tight bending, stretch flanging or hole expansionare predominant. The inhomogeneous microstructure of soft ferrite and hard martensite in combination with highly localized straining is the origin of these problems. Furthermore, weldability and delayed cracking have been experienced to cause problemsin ultra-high strength DP steel. Refinement and homogenization of the two-phase microstructure as wellas lowering of the carbon contenthave been identified as remedies to the mentioned problems. However, mill processing of DP steel with reduced carbon content is more difficult especially for the higher strength levels. Niobium microalloying proved to be very effective in increasing the processing window of low-carbon DP steels besides of its natural effect of refining the microstructure. Meanwhile the production of niobium microalloyed DP steel has been established in several markets including China. The paper details the fundamentals, demonstrates respective production concepts and presents examples of applicationof Nb-microalloyed DP steels.status: publishe