992 research outputs found
Femicide Fatal Risk Factors: A Last Decade Comparison between Italian Victims of Femicide by Age Groups
Femicide is a wide-spread lethal form of violence against women. Despite its diffusion, to date, very few studies analyzed possible victims' age differences in regard to fatal risk factors for femicide. To this aim, we carried out archive research on Italian femicide cases in the last decade, by comparing prior types of violence suffered and motives for femicide, which are considered crucial fatal risk factors for femicide, across adolescent/young (15-24 years), adults (25-64 years) and older women (65-93 years). From 2010 to 2019 we found 1207 female victims. Characteristics of victims, perpetrators, and their relationship were consistent with those found by international studies and underlined that the majority of femicides were perpetrated by an intimate partner. The results regarding fatal risk factors comparisons across age groups showed the existence of significant differences regarding both types of violence suffered prior to femicide and motives for femicide. The results are discussed in terms of policy implication and intervention
Cosmology with velocity dispersion counts: an alternative to measuring cluster halo masses
The evolution of galaxy cluster counts is a powerful probe of several
fundamental cosmological parameters. A number of recent studies using this
probe have claimed tension with the cosmology preferred by the analysis of the
Planck primary CMB data, in the sense that there are fewer clusters observed
than predicted based on the primary CMB cosmology. One possible resolution to
this problem is systematic errors in the absolute halo mass calibration in
cluster studies, which is required to convert the standard theoretical
prediction (the halo mass function) into counts as a function of the observable
(e.g., X-ray luminosity, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich flux, optical richness). Here we
propose an alternative strategy, which is to directly compare predicted and
observed cluster counts as a function of the one-dimensional velocity
dispersion of the cluster galaxies. We argue that the velocity dispersion of
groups/clusters can be theoretically predicted as robustly as mass but, unlike
mass, it can also be directly observed, thus circumventing the main systematic
bias in traditional cluster counts studies. With the aid of the BAHAMAS suite
of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, we demonstrate the potential of the
velocity dispersion counts for discriminating even similar CDM models.
These predictions can be compared with the results from existing redshift
surveys such as the highly-complete Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey, and
upcoming wide-field spectroscopic surveys such as the Wide Area Vista
Extragalactic Survey (WAVES) and the Dark Energy Survey Instrument (DESI).Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. New section
on cosmological forecasts adde
Supporting home care for the dying: an evaluation of healthcare professionals' perspectives of an individually tailored hospice at home service
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore health care professionals' perspective of hospice at home service that has different components, individually tailored to meet the needs of patients. BACKGROUND: Over 50% of adults diagnosed with a terminal illness and the majority of people who have cancer, prefer to be cared for and to die in their own home. Despite this, most deaths occur in hospital. Increasing the options available for patients, including their place of care and death is central to current UK policy initiatives. Hospice at home services aim to support patients to remain at home, yet there are wide variations in the design of services and delivery. A hospice at home service was developed to provide various components (accompanied transfer home, crisis intervention and hospice aides) that could be tailored to meet the individual needs of patients. DESIGN: An evaluation study. METHODS: Data were collected from 75 health care professionals. District nurses participated in one focus group (13) and 31 completed an electronic survey. Palliative care specialist nurses participated in a focus group (9). One hospital discharge co-ordinator and two general practitioners participated in semi-structured interviews and a further 19 general practitioners completed the electronic survey. RESULTS: Health care professionals reported the impact and value of each of the components of the service, as helping to support patients to remain at home, by individually tailoring care. They also positively reported that support for family carers appeared to enable them to continue coping, rapid access to the service was suggested to contribute to faster hospital discharges and the crisis intervention service was identified as helping patients remain in their own home, where they wanted to be. CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals perceived that the additional individualised support provided by this service contributed to enabling patients to continue be cared for and to die at home in their place of choice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This service offers various components of a hospice at home service, enabling a tailor made package to meet individual and local area needs. Developing an individually tailored package of care appears to be able to meet specific needs
Structural competency in the post-prison period for people who inject drugs: A qualitative case study
Introduction: Access to services is key to successful community (re-)integration following release from prison. But many people experience disengagement from services, including people who inject drugs (PWID). We use a case study approach and the notion of structural competency to examine influences on access to services among a group of PWID recently released from prison. Methods: This qualitative study recruited participants from SuperMIX, (a longitudinal cohort study in Victoria, Australia). Inclusion criteria: aged 18+; lifetime history of injecting drug use; incarcerated for > three months and released from custody < 12 months previously. From 48 participants, five case studies were selected as emblematic of the complex and intersecting factors occurring at the time participants missed an appointment at a service. Results: Numerous, concurrent, and interdependent structural influences in participantsâ lives coincided with their difficulty accessing and maintaining contact with services and resulted in missed appointments. The key factors involved in the cases presented here include policies around opioid agonist treatment, inadequate, unsuitable and unsafe housing, the management of mental health and side effects of treatment, the lack of social support or estrangement from family, and economic hardship. The support available from service workers to navigate these structural issues was inconsistent. One dissenting case is examined in which missing appointments is anticipated and accommodated. Conclusions: A case study approach enabled a holistic and in-depth examination of upstream structural elements that intersect with limited social and economic resources to exacerbate the challenges of community re-entry. These results highlight structural issues that have a disproportionate impact on the choices and opportunities for PWID. The incorporation of a structural competency framework in design of services and in staff training could support person-centred and coordinated service provision that take into account PWID's experiences post-release to overcome structural barriers to service engagement
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Redshift Space Distortions from the Clipped Galaxy Field
We present the first cosmological measurement derived from a galaxy density field subject to a `clipping' transformation. By enforcing an upper bound on the galaxy number density field in the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey (GAMA), contributions from the nonlinear processes of virialisation and galaxy bias are greatly reduced. This leads to a galaxy power spectrum which is easier to model, without calibration from numerical simulations. We develop a theoretical model for the power spectrum of a clipped field in redshift space, which is exact for the case of anisotropic Gaussian fields. Clipping is found to extend the applicability of the conventional Kaiser prescription by more than a factor of three in wavenumber, or a factor of thirty in terms of the number of Fourier modes. By modelling the galaxy power spectrum on scales k < 0.3 h/Mpc and density fluctuations we measure the normalised growth rate
An Empirical Calibration of the Completeness of the SDSS Quasar Survey
Spectra of nearly 20000 point-like objects to a Galactic reddening corrected
magnitude of i=19.1 have been obtained to test the completeness of the SDSS
quasar survey. The spatially-unresolved objects were selected from all regions
of color space, sparsely sampled from within a 278 sq. deg. area of sky covered
by this study. Only ten quasars were identified that were not targeted as
candidates by the SDSS quasar survey (including both color and radio source
selection). The inferred density of unresolved quasars on the sky that are
missed by the SDSS algorithm is 0.44 per sq. deg, compared to 8.28 per sq. deg.
for the selected quasar density, giving a completeness of 94.9(+2.6,-3.8) to
the limiting magnitude. Omitting radio selection reduces the color-only
selection completeness by about 1%. Of the ten newly identified quasars, three
have detected broad absorption line systems, six are significantly redder than
other quasars at the same redshift, and four have redshifts between 2.7 and 3.0
(the redshift range where the SDSS colors of quasars intersect the stellar
locus). The fraction of quasars missed due to image defects and blends is
approximately 4%, but this number varies by a few percent with magnitude.
Quasars with extended images comprise about 6% of the SDSS sample, and the
completeness of the selection algorithm for extended quasars is approximately
81%, based on the SDSS galaxy survey. The combined end-to-end completeness for
the SDSS quasar survey is approximately 89%. The total corrected density of
quasars on the sky to i=19.1 is estimated to be 10.2 per sq. deg.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A
Ultraviolet number counts of galaxies from Swift UV/Optical Telescope deep imaging of the Chandra Deep Field South
Deep Swift UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT) imaging of the Chandra Deep Field
South is used to measure galaxy number counts in three near ultraviolet (NUV)
filters (uvw2: 1928 A, uvm2: 2246 A, uvw1: 2600 A) and the u band (3645 A).
UVOT observations cover the break in the slope of the NUV number counts with
greater precision than the number counts by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer
(GALEX), spanning a range from 21 < m_AB < 25. Number counts models confirm
earlier investigations in favoring models with an evolving galaxy luminosity
function.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, accepted to Ap
The-wiZZ: Clustering redshift estimation for everyone
We present The-wiZZ, an open source and user-friendly software for estimating the redshift distributions of photometric galaxies with unknown redshifts by spatially cross-correlating them against a reference sample with known redshifts. The main benefit of The-wiZZ is in separating the angular pair finding and correlation estimation from the computation of the output clustering redshifts allowing anyone to create a clustering redshift for their sample without the intervention of an "expert". It allows the end user of a given survey to select any sub-sample of photometric galaxies with unknown redshifts, match this sample's catalog indices into a value-added data file, and produce a clustering redshift estimation for this sample in a fraction of the time it would take to run all the angular correlations needed to produce a clustering redshift. We show results with this software using photometric data from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and spectroscopic redshifts from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The results we present for KiDS are consistent with the redshift distributions used in a recent cosmic shear analysis from the survey. We also present results using a hybrid machine learning-clustering redshift analysis that enables the estimation of clustering redshifts for individual galaxies. The-wiZZ can be downloaded at http://github.com/morriscb/The-wiZZ/
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) blended spectra catalogue: strong galaxy-galaxy lens and occulting galaxy pair candidates
We present the catalogue of blended galaxy spectra from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. These are cases where light from two galaxies are significantly detected in a single GAMA fibre. Galaxy pairs identified from their blended spectrum fall into two principal classes: they are either strong lenses, a passive galaxy lensing an emission-line galaxy; or occulting galaxies, serendipitous overlaps of two galaxies, of any type. Blended spectra can thus be used to reliably identify strong lenses for follow-up observations (high-resolution imaging) and occulting pairs, especially those that are a late-type partly obscuring an early-type galaxy which are of interest for the study of dust content of spiral and irregular galaxies. The GAMA survey setup and its AUTOZ automated redshift determination were used to identify candidate blended galaxy spectra from the cross-correlation peaks. We identify 280 blended spectra with a minimum velocity separation of 600âkmâsâ1, of which 104 are lens pair candidates, 71 emission-line-passive pairs, 78 are pairs of emission-line galaxies and 27 are pairs of galaxies with passive spectra. We have visually inspected the candidates in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS) images. Many blended objects are ellipticals with blue fuzz (Ef in our classification). These latter âEfâ classifications are candidates for possible strong lenses, massive ellipticals with an emission-line galaxy in one or more lensed images. The GAMA lens and occulting galaxy candidate samples are similar in size to those identified in the entire SDSS. This blended spectrum sample stands as a testament of the power of this highly complete, second-largest spectroscopic survey in existence and offers the possibility to expand e.g. strong gravitational lens surveys
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