Formulación de una estrategia de penetración de mercado de la empresa seguros sura para microseguros en el estrato 2 de la localidad de Fontibón

La estabilidad financiera de un hogar independiente de su estrato socioeconómico, se puede ver afectada por la materialización de alguno de los riesgos a los que se puede ver expuesta. La diferencia radica en que los hogares con un ingreso bajo presentan mayor vulnerabilidad a esos riesgos, ya sea por su ubicación en zonas de alta exposición a riesgos de la naturaleza o deficiencias desde el punto de vista de prevención a sus hogares y a la vida misma. Los hogares con mayor ingreso, gestionan sus riesgos a través de diferentes mecanismos, primero desde la prevención y el autocuidado y segundo con el traslado de esos riesgos a una compañía de seguros. Lo cual desde luego se convierte en un incremento en los gastos del hogar. Un hogar perteneciente a un estrato bajo, con unos ingresos limitados tiene dificultades para comprar un seguro (traslado de riesgos) y en caso de una situación imprevista se ve obligado a utilizar estrategias desfavorables como endeudarse lo cual afectará la disponibilidad de recursos o con la disminución de otros gastos como la alimentación o vestuario, desmejorando su calidad de vida. Esta situación ha despertado interés por diferentes actores sociales. Gobiernos, ONG y sector asegurador quienes han puesto su atención en la base de la pirámide y a través de los microseguros ofrecerles acceso a mecanismos adecuados de la gestión de sus riesgos Colombia no ha sido ajena a esta situación y es por ello que en la última década se han realizado diferentes estudios y proyectos en la búsqueda de desarrollo social y como oportunidad de negocio. Sin embargo, primero hay barreras que se deben superar, entre otras una baja cultura del seguro que ubican al país en los últimos lugares a nivel mundial y Latinoamérica en el escalafón de consumo de seguros

Understanding the links between diversity and creativity as assessed in the boroughs of London

This paper analyses the links between creativity and diversity in the different boroughs of London. Based on rich data from the UK Census of Population of 2011 and other sources, we specifically analysed the correlations between creativity and diversity within the London boroughs. The main results of this study indicate that there is no direct correlation between creativity and diversity. Some significant correlations have been observed, however, between variables that shape such indices. Namely, the “creative class” tend to live in more diverse, more heterogeneous neighbourhoods (alongside people from many different countries) and they are more prepared to tolerate such diverse environments. The study also shows that diversity of geographical origin (measured by country of origin) is a more relevant factor for boosting creativity than variables such as religious diversity. This article contributes to the theoretical field of research exploring the impact of diversity on creative people and cities

Assessment of a Comparative Bayesian-Enhanced Population-Based Decision Model for COVID-19 Critical Care Prediction in the Dominican Republic Social Security Affiliates

Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major health concern worldwide. This study aims to develop a Bayesian model to predict critical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Sensitivity and specificity were obtained from previous meta-analysis studies. The complex vulnerability index (IVC-COV2 index for its abbreviation in Spanish) was used to set the pretest probability. Likelihood ratios were integrated into a Fagan nomogram for posttest probabilities, and IVC-COV2 + National Early Warning Score (NEWS) values and CURB-65 scores were generated. Absolute and relative diagnostic gains (RDGs) were calculated based on pretest and posttest differences. Results: The IVC-COV2 index was derived from a population of 1,055,746 individuals and was based on mortality in high-risk (71.97%), intermediate-risk (26.11%), and low-risk (1.91%) groups. The integration of models in which IVC-COV2 intermediate + NEWS ≥ 5 and CURB-65 \u3e 2 led to a number needed to (NNT) diagnose that was slightly improved in the CURB-65 model (2 vs. 3). A comparison of diagnostic gains revealed that neither the positive likelihood ratio (P = 0.62) nor the negative likelihood ratio (P = 0.95) differed significantly between the IVC-COV2 NEWS model and the CURB-65 model. Conclusion: According to the proposed mathematical model, the combination of the IVC-COV2 intermediate score and NEWS or CURB-65 score yields superior results and a greater predictive value for the severity of illness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first population-based/mathematical model developed for use in COVID-19 critical care decision-making

Stiff Skin Syndrome: Clinical Exploration, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Advances in a Rare Connective Tissue Disease

Stiff Skin Syndrome, also known as "diffuse stiff skin syndrome" or "Scleroderma-like syndrome with focal contracture", is a rare and complex clinical entity in the spectrum of connective tissue diseases. This disorder is characterized by progressive and diffuse infiltration of connective tissue into the skin and underlying tissues, resulting in extreme skin stiffness and limited joint mobility. In addition to its cutaneous and joint manifestations, stiff skin syndrome can affect multiple internal organs, making it a clinical entity of great multidisciplinary relevance. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of stiff skin syndrome, addressing its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, etiopathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and current therapeutic options. Recent research that has shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms and emerging therapies that are being developed to improve the quality of life of patients affected by this disease are highlighted. In addition, the importance of a comprehensive evaluation and an interdisciplinary therapeutic approach to optimize the clinical management of individuals with rigid skin syndrome is highlighted

Estimation of the Maximum Sustainable Yield and the Optimal Fishing Effort of the Blue Crab (<em>Callinectes sapidus</em>, Rathbun 1896) of Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, Mexico

The fishery of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in Laguna Madre (LM), Tamaulipas, Mexico, with an average annual catch of 3307 tons, is of great importance economically and socially. The objective of this research was to estimate the carrying capacity (K), the catchability coefficient (q), the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) (tons), and the optimal fishing effort (fMSY) (traps). For this, a time series from 1998 to 2012 was used for the catch and number. The Fox (1970) and Schaefer (1954) models included in A Surplus-Production Model Incorporating Covariates (ASPIC) software were employed for this study. A set of statistical variability estimators and the Akaike?s, Bayesian, and Hannan-Quinn information criteria were used for the selection of models. The results obtained by the fox model were K = 54,000, q = 0.00008798, MSY = 2567 and fMSY = 146,900 traps, whereas for the Schaefer model, the results were K = 28,370, q = 0.00002425, MSY = 2008, and fMSY = 58,390. The model with the best adjustment was that of Schaefer. It is concluded that the fishing resource has been overexploited during the period 2003–2011, with an average annual surplus of 670 tons and 25,000 traps. It is recommended to consider the MSY and fMSY values of the Schaefer model for the National Fishing Charter (NFC)

A New Twist: The Combination of Sulbactam/Avibactam Enhances Sulbactam Activity against Carbapenem-Resistant

An increasing number of untreatable infections are recorded every year. Many studies have focused their efforts on developing new β-lactamase inhibitors to treat multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates. In the present study, sulbactam/avibactam and sulbactam/relebactam combination were tested against 187 multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter clinical isolates; both sulbactam/avibactam and sulbactam/relebactam restored sulbactam activity. A decrease ≥2 dilutions in sulbactam MICs was observed in 89% of the isolates when tested in combination with avibactam. Sulbactam/relebactam was able to restore sulbactam susceptibility in 40% of the isolates. In addition, the susceptibility testing using twenty-three A. baumannii AB5075 knockout strains revealed potential sulbactam and/or sulbactam/avibactam target genes. We observed that diazabicyclooctanes (DBOs) β-lactamase inhibitors combined with sulbactam restore sulbactam susceptibility against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter clinical isolates. However, relebactam was not as effective as avibactam when combined with sulbactam. Exploring novel combinations may offer new options to treat Acinetobacter spp. infections, especially for widespread oxacillinases and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) producers

Luchando por un sueño: el deporte como vía a la igualdad de genero

La desigualdad de género es una problemática que ha persistido a través de la historia de la humanidad, y que aun en nuestros días está presente en diversas culturas y prácticas, en las cuales los hombres se muestran como superiores frente a las mujeres en distintos ámbitos como el deportivo. “Lograr la igualdad entre los géneros y empoderar a todas las mujeres y las niñas” se encuentra establecido como uno de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas ONU, y es la base principal del proyecto denominado “Luchando por un sueño” El deporte como vía a la igualdad de género. Este proyecto está dirigido a niñas y adolescentes de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar en la ciudad de Bogotá, para que a través de la práctica deportiva del futbol, se rompan esas ataduras de la desigualdad de género en el deporte y se incentive a que más mujeres tengan acceso a esta práctica deportiva, contando con las garantías necesarias y el apoyo tanto de sus familias como de los profesionales que componen el proyecto y las entidades nacionales e internacionales que serán participes del mismo. Inicialmente el proyecto está concebido a desarrollarse en un plazo de 24 meses en los cuales se pretende vincular a 150 niñas entre los 5 y los 16 años.Gender inequality is a problem that has existed alongside human history, and even in this time is still present in many cultures in which men are shown to be superior to women in different fields including sports. "Achieve equality between genders and empower all women and girls" is established as one of the Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations Organization UN and is the main basis of the project called "Fighting for a dream” Sport to gender equality. This project is aimed at girls and teenagers from Ciudad Bolívar in Bogotá, using soccer as a tool to overcome any gender inequality barrier in sports and to encourage more women to have access to this sport with the necessary guarantees and the support of both their families and the professionals that make up the project and the national and international organizations that will participate in it. Initially the project is designed to be completed within 24 months in which it is intended to reach 150 girls between the ages of 5 and 16

Clima organizacional y desempeño docente en instituciones educativas estatales del cono sur de Lima Metropolitana, año 2009

La presente investigación “Clima Organizacional y el Desempeño Docente en las instituciones educativas estatales del cono sur de Lima Metropolitana, Año 2009” tuvo como objetivo determinar la asociación entre el Clima Organizacional y el Desempeño Docente en las instituciones educativas estatales del cono sur. El diseño de investigación fue no experimental, descriptivo, transversal, de tipo asociativo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 168 estudiantes del quinto año de secundaria, a quienes se aplicó el Cuestionario sobre Desempeño Docente de 14 ítems; asimismo, la muestra también estuvo conformado por 50 docentes del nivel secundario a quienes se aplicó el Cuestionario sobre Clima Organizacional de 20 ítems. La técnica que se utilizó fue la encuesta y el instrumento de recolección de datos fue el cuestionario aplicado a los estudiantes. Para la validez de los instrumentos se utilizó el juicio de expertos y para la confiabilidad del instrumento se utilizó Alfa de Cronbach que fue 0,869 para la variable Clima organizacional y 0,693 para la variable Desempeño docente. Para determinar la asociación, se aplicó el estadístico Chi cuadrado de Pearson, en el cual, los resultados observados (X²c=19.891 ) difieren significativamente de los resultados teóricos (X²t =14.45) ; por lo que se concluye que existe una asociación entre el Clima Organizacional y el Desempeño Docente en las instituciones educativas estatales del Cono Sur de Lima Metropolitana, Año 2009

Psicoeducação em Sexualidade com Alunas em Regime de Internato

Devido ao déficit das escolas em abordar o assunto “sexualidade humana”sob os aspectos psicossociais dos adolescentes e da ausência de um profissional dePsicologia na maioria das instituições, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar arelevância das intervenções em psicoeducação em sexualidade humana, direcionadasàs alunas do colégio Manoel Moreira Penna, localizado na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu.A partir de um espaço de escuta e diálogo foram oferecidas práticas preventivas auma média de 10 adolescentes por encontro, com atividades distribuídas em oito diasde oficinas, sendo os temas trabalhados: biologia do corpo feminino, métodos contraceptivos,gravidez na adolescência, DSTs, público LGBT, empoderamento feminino evalores construtivos sobre sexualidade. As ferramentas utilizadas foram dinâmicas,caixa de dúvidas, músicas, vídeos e instrumentalização de materiais diversos. Os resultadosobtidos a partir da proposta apresentada auxiliaram as alunas a desmistificartabus e mitos, tirar dúvidas, possibilitar o resgate da autoestima, o conhecimento dopróprio corpo e a reflexão da vida sexual consciente. Sendo assim, confirmou-se a relevânciada intervenção psicoeducadora com o grupo em questão

Enfrentando los riesgos socionaturales

El objetivo del libro es comprender la magnitud de los Riesgos Socionaturales en México y Latinoamérica, para comprender el peligro que existe por algún tipo de desastre, ya sea inundaciones, sismos, remoción en masa, entre otros, además conocer qué medidas preventivas, correctivas y de contingencias existen para estar atentos ante alguna señal que la naturaleza esté enviando y así evitar alguna catástrofe. El libro se enfoca en los aspectos básicos de análisis de los peligros, escenarios de riesgo, vulnerabilidad y resiliencia, importantes para la gestión prospectiva o preventiva