Contar las ciencias: experiencias y narrativas multiformatos

Desde la Dirección de Comunicación de la Ciencia de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario se desarrollaron ciclos de contenidos y campañas temáticas sobre distintos ejes comunicacionales involucrando a diversos actores sociales. Esta publicación ofrece un registro y sistematización de algunas de las experiencias de comunicación de la ciencia desarrolladas durante los años 2020 y 2021, para aportar al análisis de los alcances y las lecciones aprendidas en esos procesos; y a la vez disponer de un recurso de apoyo metodológico para pensar nuevas acciones.Fil: Casasola, María Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales. Escuela de Comunicación Social; Argentina

Attachment Patterns Trigger Differential Neural Signature of Emotional Processing in Adolescents

Background: Research suggests that individuals with different attachment patterns process social information differently, especially in terms of facial emotion recognition. However, few studies have explored social information processes in adolescents. This study examined the behavioral and ERP correlates of emotional processing in adolescents with different attachment orientations (insecure attachment group and secure attachment group; IAG and SAG, respectively). This study also explored the association of these correlates to individual neuropsychological profiles. Methodology/Principal Findings We used a modified version of the dual valence task (DVT), in which participants classify stimuli (faces and words) according to emotional valence (positive or negative). Results showed that the IAG performed significantly worse than SAG on tests of executive function (EF attention, processing speed, visuospatial abilities and cognitive flexibility). In the behavioral DVT, the IAG presented lower performance and accuracy. The IAG also exhibited slower RTs for stimuli with negative valence. Compared to the SAG, the IAG showed a negative bias for faces; a larger P1 and attenuated N170 component over the right hemisphere was observed. A negative bias was also observed in the IAG for word stimuli, which was demonstrated by comparing the N170 amplitude of the IAG with the valence of the SAG. Finally, the amplitude of the N170 elicited by the facial stimuli correlated with EF in both groups (and negative valence with EF in the IAG). Conclusions/Significance: Our results suggest that individuals with different attachment patterns process key emotional information and corresponding EF differently. This is evidenced by an early modulation of ERP components’ amplitudes, which are correlated with behavioral and neuropsychological effects. In brief, attachments patterns appear to impact multiple domains, such as emotional processing and EFs

Biotecnología aplicada a la salud: El caso de la Esclerosis Múltiple

La Esclerosis Múltiple es una enfermedad crónica del sistema Nervioso Central que hasta ahora no tiene un tratamiento curativo. En esta revisión se han repasado los aportes de la biotecnología al diagnóstico, tratamiento y detección de nuevos blancos terapéuticos de esta compleja patología.Multiple Sclerosis is a central nervous system chronic disease that until now has no curative treatment. In this paper, we review the contributions of biotechnology to the diagnosis, treatment and detection of new therapeutic targets of this complex pathology.Fil: Baez, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Cardini Rocca, Juan Martín. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Ferrari, Irina Jazmín. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Llanos, Macarena. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Elias, Maria Josefina. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Sterin Pryncb, Aída Edith. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; Argentin

LEAF MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF VARIETIES OF TURNERA DIFFUSA VAR. DIFFUSA AND TURNERA DIFFUSA VAR. APHRODISIACA (WARD) URB

Background: Mexican damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd. Ex. Schult), specifically damiana of California has a high demand in the international market for its popularity as aphrodisiac, but its marketing has been affected by the adulteration of its products due to a lack of authentication mechanisms and limited information on the differences between the two currently known varieties. The aim of this study was to establish a leaf standard monograph with scientific bases of the varieties aphrodisiaca and diffusa of Turnera diffusa Willd. Ex. Schult, cultivated at the same agronomic and environmental conditions. Material and Methods: Damiana leaves were collected from a cultivar located in the municipality of Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico in 2016. The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of macroscopic and both optical and electronic microscopic characteristics of leaves of the two varieties for their distinction. Results: The leaves of diffusa variety were twice as large as those of the aphrodisiaca variety, whereas papillose glandular trichomes were observed with greater density in the aphrodisiaca variety than those on diffusa leaves where unicellular trichomes were the ones observed in greater density. The leaves of both varieties are dorsiventral and hypostomatic with paracytic stomata. Conclusion: The obtained qualitative and quantitative leaf standards provide reference information for the proper identification and monograph preparation of the aphrodisiaca and diffusa varieties of Turnera diffusa. Pharmacognostic characteristics such as the type of stomata, trichomes, and leaf identify the species, whereas characteristics as leaf size and trichome density differ between varieties

Reduced antioxidant defense in early onset first-episode psychosis: a case-control study

Background:Our objective is to determine the activity of the antioxidant defense system at admission in patients with early onset first psychotic episodes compared with a control group. Methods: Total antioxidant status (TAS) and lipid peroxidation (LOOH) were determined in plasma. Enzyme activities and total glutathione levels were determined in erythrocytes in 102 children and adolescents with a first psychotic episode and 98 healthy controls. Results: A decrease in antioxidant defense was found in patients, measured as decreased TAS and glutathione levels. Lipid damage (LOOH) and glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in patients than controls. Our study shows a decrease in the antioxidant defense system in early onset first episode psychotic patients. Conclusions: Glutathione deficit seems to be implicated in psychosis, and may be an important indirect biomarker of oxidative stress in early-onset schizophrenia. Oxidative damage is present in these patients, and may contribute to its pathophysiology

Low take-up and financial inclusion: Experimental evidence from Argentina's cash transfers

Cash transfer and other social protection programs have greatly expanded in developing countries in the last two decades, but their coverage varies greatly, even among eligible individuals. We studied the low take-up of benefits by means of a field experiment involving 400,000 beneficiaries of Argentina's largest conditional cash-transfer program (with 2.2 million beneficiaries who are the parents of four million children, 40% of the country?s 0-17 year olds). Beneficiaries are assigned a bank account and a debit card. By using their debit card to spend the allowance, rather than withdrawing cash from ATMs, they can receive a rebate of 15% of their expenditures. However, they systematically fail to claim this benefit: only about 25% of beneficiaries receive this transfer. Our experiment provided information about the effectiveness of an information campaign conducted via text messages or through on-screen messages at ATM machines. The campaign increased take-up (i.e., purchases with debit cards and subsequent rebates) significantly but not substantially. The results indicated that the benefit had low salience, that beneficiaries lacked information about the debit-card program, that frictions existed related to financial inclusion and lack of infrastructure, and that limited information and salience were important but second-order factors.Fil: Cruces, Guillermo Antonio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Amarante, Verónica. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Ramirez, Lucia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Baez, Maria Josefina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; Argentin

Edgar Paiewonsky-Conde, Lila Zemborain, Tonia León, Ana Maria Fuster Lavin, Maria Negroni, Michael Burkard, Jules Gibbs, Jaime Garcia Maffla, Gloria Posada, Josefina Baez, Colleen Kattau, Tamara Kamenszain folio

A folio of Spanish- and English-language verse and prose poetry by Edgar Paiewonsky-Conde, Lila Zemborain, Tonia León, Ana Maria Fuster Lavin, Maria Negroni, Michael Burkard, Jules Gibbs, Jaime Garcia Maffla, Gloria Posada, Josefina Baez, Colleen Kattau and Tamara Kamenszain

Attachment Patterns Trigger Differential Neural Signature of Emotional Processing in Adolescents

Background: Research suggests that individuals with different attachment patterns process social information differently, especially in terms of facial emotion recognition. However, few studies have explored social information processes in adolescents. This study examined the behavioral and ERP correlates of emotional processing in adolescents with different attachment orientations (insecure attachment group and secure attachment group; IAG and SAG, respectively). This study also explored the association of these correlates to individual neuropsychological profiles.Methodology/Principal Findings: We used a modified version of the dual valence task (DVT), in which participants classify stimuli (faces and words) according to emotional valence (positive or negative). Results showed that the IAG performed significantly worse than SAG on tests of executive function (EF attention, processing speed, visuospatial abilities and cognitive flexibility). In the behavioral DVT, the IAG presented lower performance and accuracy. The IAG also exhibited slower RTs for stimuli with negative valence. Compared to the SAG, the IAG showed a negative bias for faces; a larger P1 and attenuated N170 component over the right hemisphere was observed. A negative bias was also observed in the IAG for word stimuli, which was demonstrated by comparing the N170 amplitude of the IAG with the valence of the SAG. Finally, the amplitude of the N170 elicited by the facial stimuli correlated with EF in both groups (and negative valence with EF in the IAG).Conclusions/Significance: Our results suggest that individuals with different attachment patterns process key emotional information and corresponding EF differently. This is evidenced by an early modulation of ERP components’ amplitudes, which are correlated with behavioral and neuropsychological effects. In brief, attachments patterns appear to impact multiple domains, such as emotional processing and EFs.</p

Association between individual differences and ERP results.

<p>A) ST at P1 and WM performance. B) Right hemisphere face processing (enhanced when more negative) correlated with cognitive flexibility. C) Face negative valence associations with cognitive flexibility at right hemisphere. D) Split analysis of IAG presented association between face negative valence and cognitive flexibility TMTB. IAG: Insecure attachment group. SAG: Secure attachment group.</p