Stereotypes of deffered parenthood

Termin odgođenog roditeljstva postoji već duže vrijeme, no zahvaljujući napretku medicine, a time i produljenju životnog vijeka čovjeka, mijenjala se i dob odgođenog roditeljstva. Ranih osamdesetih dvadesetog stoljeća odgođeno roditeljstvo određuje se kao dobivanje djeteta kad je roditelj u dobi od 25 ili više godina. Odgođeno roditeljstvo kao ono u kojemu majka prvi puta rađa dijete u dobi od 30 ili više godina definiraju Gottesman (1992), Nagle (2006), Neville i Parke (1993; prema Parke i Neville, 1995) i Walter (1986). No, kako je njihovo istraživanje bilo longitudinalne prirode, već se tijekom provođenja istraživanja dobna granica uobičajenoga ostvarenja roditeljstva počela pomicati pa su autorice naknadno dodale određen broj ispitanika koji su prvo dijete dobili u kasnim tridesetima ili ranim četrdesetima, što su nazvale srednjovječnim roditeljstvom. Danas termin odgođenog roditeljstva ostaje kao ono u kojemu majka prvi put rađa dijete u dobi od 35 godina ili više. Ovim istraživanjem želimo dobiti uvid u stereotipe s kojima se susreću roditelji odgođenog roditeljstva od strane mlađe populacije, točnije studenata. Istraživanje se provodi u obliku vezanog, individualnog intervjua na stratificiranom uzorku studentske populacije na području Osijeka i Osječko-baranjske županije.The term delayed parenthood has existed for a long time, but due to the advancement of medicine and thereby the prolongation of the life span of man, the terminology of delayed parenthood has also changed. In the early eighties, delayed parenting is defined as having a first child aged 25 or over. Delayed parenthood, such as the one in which the mother is aged 30 or over at the time of having her first-born is defined by Gottesman (1992), Nagle (2006), Neville and Park (1993; Parke and Neville, 1995) and Walter (1986). But as their research was of longitudinal nature, the usual age of parenting began to shift during the study, and the authors subsequently added a number of subjects who received their first child in the late thirties or early forties, referred to as mid-adult parenthood. Today, the term delayed parenthood remains the one in which parents have their first-born child at the age of 35 or over. With this research, we want to gain insight into the stereotypes that parents of delayed parenting meet with the younger population, more specifically college students. The research is conducted in the form of a linked, individual interview on the stratified sample of the student population in Osijek and Osijek-Baranja County

New Access Structures to Scientific Information : The Case of Science 2.0

Since the early 1980s, the scholarly community has been witnessing a considerable increase in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). Specifically the use the Web has led to qualitative changes in the research community. With the advent of the Web 2.0 a new level of possible functionalities for science has been reached, leading to the concept of Science 2.0. Will the new research technology 2.0 change the way research is done and what aspects are already visible in current structures of scientific communication are questions this paper tries to answer. Several clusters of expectation emerge from the prospect of applying the principles of Web 2.0 to scientific communication, like the opening of science communities towards public and the acceleration of dissemination of scientific research through new communication and collaboration tools. In the first part the authors will comment how the Web 2.0 challenges some traditional and known structures of scientific communication and explore possibilities of applying Web 2.0 principles (collaboration, collective validation, access and generation of information) to scientific work. In the second part the authors will present results gathered through analysis of Web 2.0 services that have been integrated into academic databases and vice versa, the analysis of scientific information spaces that have been created within the Web 2.0

On the Development of Emotional Intelligence: Two-Wave Study on Early Adolescents

This study focuses on the developmental changes in emotional intelligence (EI) abilities during early adolescence. During class hours, 561 students in the first wave (Mage = 12.32, SDage = 1.22, 54.5% of boys) and 369 students in the second wave (M = 13.40; SD = 0.98, 52.3% of boys) completed Perception of Affective Content in Art Test, Analysis of Emotions Test, Emotion Management Test and rated their peers’ EI at two waves, 18 months apart. They also completed a Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale within the first wave. Students’ EI was also rated by their home room teacher and one teacher who completed Teacher Ratings of EI Questionnaire specifically designed for this study. Results showed that girls and older students scored higher on EI tests and peers’ ratings. Oldest students achieved the lowest scores on teacher ratings. The longitudinal analysis confirmed positive changes between the first and the second wave. Results of both the crosssectional and two waves analysis revealed significant effects of gender and general cognitive ability, measured with vocabulary test, on EI measures

Cytologic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix uteri: case report [Citološke karakteristike adenoid cističnog karcinoma vrata maternice: prikaz slučajeva]

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignancy, usually found in the salivary glands, although this unusual tumor can be found at other sites of the body. In particular, regarding adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix (ACCC) most frequently reports are given for postmenopausal women. In this respect, our work is one among very few in the literature that considers a cytologic picture of this uncommon cervix carcinoma. The case of 74 year old patient with postmenopausal bleeding is described. Both Pap smear and air dried smear of the uterine cervix were analyzed. The cytologic findings revealed very few small clusters of abnormal glandular cells, as well as some amorphous eosinophilic globule-like material, with granulomatous and necrotic background. The latter includes a lot of histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, large aggregates of epitheloid cells and lymphocytes. Histology revealed the diagnosis of ACCC. We emphasize the importance of careful screening of Pap smear that might be crucial in the case of suspicious clinical findings in postmenopausal women, when the possibility of ACCC has to be considered

Značenje registara akutne skrbi kardioloških bolesnika na nacionalnoj razini

Improving organization and patient care quality in intensive care units is increasingly important as intensive care unit diagnostic and therapeutic procedures account for a growing proportion of hospital services. We identified the lack of comprehensive national and international registries available in the contemporary literature. This paper aims to describe and analyze cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) network at the national level in Croatia and its comparison with more developed countries. Thirty-four representatives from all Croatian acute hospitals (response rate of 100%) filled in a web based questionnaire on CICU organization and competence during September and October 2016. Organization and available technical procedures for health care in general, and especially in very expensive CICU treatment, highly depends on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. That is why one could expect that Croatia, with the second lowest GDP among European Union countries and 4.7 CICU per million inhabitants will have worse results in this field in comparison with most of these countries. Results such as one nurse responsible for a mean of 2.7 CICU patients, 52% of cardiologists among physicians during working hours but 37% during night shifts, 24/7 transesophageal echocardiography in only 26.5% of CICUs, one-third without therapeutic hypothermia, and 23.5% without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment are some of these results, revealing much room for improvement. This representative, nationwide sample of Croatian CICUs also demonstrated considerable variation of key elements of structures with respect to hospital size, academic status and financial issues, as well as a trend towards current guidelines. This kind of investigation is very important for proposing standards, reimbursement master plan, or quality assessment of the national health system.Unaprjeđenje organizacije i kvalitete skrbi o bolesnicima u jedinicama intenzivne skrbi postaje sve važnije zbog rastućeg opsega dostupnih metoda liječenja i skrbi. Suvremena literatura ukazuje na nedostatak odgovarajućih nacionalnih i internacionalnih registara. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je analiza organizacije jedinica intenzivne kardijalne skrbi (JIKS) u Hrvatskoj i usporedba s ekonomski razvijenijim zemljama. Liječnici iz 34 hrvatske akutne bolnice (100%-tni odgovor) ispunili su e-poštom poslan upitnik o organizaciji skrbi i metodama liječenja akutnih kardioloških bolesnika. Odgovori su prikupljeni i analizirani tijekom rujna i listopada 2016. godine. Hrvatska ima oko 5 JIKS na milijun stanovnika (raspon od 1 do 9, većinom 5-6 kreveta). Jedna medicinska sestra skrbi za prosječno 2,7 bolesnika (u jutarnjim satima za 2,3 bolesnika, u poslijepodnevnim satima 2,3 bolesnika, noću 3,3 bolesnika) uz varijabilnost ovisno o veličini bolnice (u manjim bolnicama prosječno za 2,9 bolesnika, u sveučilišnim bolnicama za 2,1 bolesnika, p<0,001). Gotovo dvije trećine JIKS sadrži manje od 4 kreveta na jednog liječnika, dok kardiolozi čine 52% liječnika tijekom radnog dana, ali samo 37% liječnika tijekom dežurstva. Utvrdili smo značajnu varijabilnost u dostupnosti ultrazvuka srca tijekom radnog dana u odnosu na dežurstvo (76,5% JIKS ima 24-satnu dostupnost transtorakalne ehokardiografije, ali samo 26,5% za transezofagusnu ehokardiografiju). Trećina ispitivanih centara nije uvela terapijsku hipotermiju, a 23,5% centara ne radi izvantjelesnu membransku oksigenaciju niti premješta bolesnike u odgovarajuće ustanove. Organizacija i dostupne metode liječenja u JIKS ovise i o bruto društvenom proizvodu. Ovo istraživanje, prvo takve vrste u Republici Hrvatskoj, ukazuje na značajnu varijabilnost ključnih dijelova zdravstvene skrbi akutnih kardioloških bolesnika ovisno o veličini bolnice, ali i ukupni trend prema postojećim smjernicama. Ukazujući na prostor za napredak, ono može poslužiti kao polazna točka u postizanju željenog standarda, planiranju financija te procjeni i praćenju kvalitete nacionalnog zdravstvenog sustava

Sources of random numbers and their use

U završnom radu teorijski su opisani primjeri izvora slučajnih brojeva, njihova upotreba i važnost. Prikazan je vlastiti primjer izvora slučajnih brojeva. Opisana su svojstva slučajnih brojeva općenito te podjela slučajnih brojeva na „istinske“ i pseudoslučajne. Prikazano je korištenje slučajnih brojeva kroz povijest i razvoj metoda za generiranje slučajnih brojeva (metoda sredine kvadrata, LCG, LFG, Mersenne Twister). Kroz razne primjere primjene slučajnih brojeva zaključeno je da je najvažnija primjena u kriptografiji i da su za tu primjenu najpogodniji „istinski“ slučajni brojevi. Ukoliko se koriste pseudoslučajni brojevi, postojala bi sigurnosna slabost i mogućnost ugrožavanja sustava. Dane su dvije implementacije izvora slučajnih brojeva izrađene u JavaScript skriptnom jeziku, gdje je jedna od implementacija LCG generator slučajnih brojeva, dok je druga implementacija vlastite metode. Testirana su oba rješenja i zaključeno je da čak i dobro utemeljen i priznat generator poput LCG-a nije zadovoljavajući ako se ne odaberu dobri početni uvjeti. Također, zaključeno je da ni vlastita metoda nije zadovoljavajuća te da nije lako stvoriti potpuno novu metodu.In this bachelor thesis, different examples of random number generators, their use and importance were described. An own example of a random number generator was presented. The properties of random numbers, as well as the breakdown into “true” and pseudorandom numbers were described. The use of random numbers through the history and development of various methods for generating random numbers (mid-square method, LCG, LFG, Mersenne Twister) is presented. Through various examples of the use of random numbers, it has been concluded that the most important application is in cryptography and that "true" random numbers are the most suitable choice for this application. If pseudorandom numbers are used, there would be a security weakness and the potential for compromising the system. Two examples of random number generators were created in JavaScript, one being an implementation of LCG and the other being an own implementation of a custom method. Both solutions were tested, and it was concluded that even a well-established and recognized generator like LCG is not satisfactory unless good initial conditions are selected and that a completely new number generator is very hard to make