Workers' World

Originally published 1982. Bodnar's central concern in Workers' World is with the working people of Pennsylvania prior to World War II. He examines how ordinary people throughout the state navigated the changing set of industrial relations that fanned out across the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Since workers could not rely on unionism or government-sponsored safety nets, workers in Pennsylvania relied on kinship ties, job structures, and community relationships. In the past, Bodnar contends, American labor historians have focused mainly on the history of strikes, the rise of unionism, and the struggle for control over the workplace. In an effort to mitigate historians' flattening of workers into the two-dimensional plane of politics and protest, Bodnar revives workers and the world in which they lived by conducting oral interviews with textile workers, coal miners, steelworkers, and others in Pennsylvania

The Military Technical Revolution:

The conduct of war changed dramatically between World War II and Operation Desert Storm. The major differences resulted from a revolution in military technology. As we look ahead ten years to the world of the year 2003, we need to examine this Military Technical Revolution (MTR) to project how the next war will be different from Desert Storm. An analysis of technological changes since World War II indicates that the MTR has undergone three distinct phases, which started at different times, stand today at different stages, and accordingly will culminate (or have already} at different times

The kinetics of adenovirus DNA replication

Methods have been developed to measure the time required to complete replication of an adenovirus DNA molecule and the time between rounds of replication of the viral genomes. These methods show that 22 minutes are required to complete replication of an adenovirus DNA molecule at 37° C and that this time is constant throughout infection. The rate limiting step in DNA replication is initiation of a round of replication. The initiation rate decreases over infection and shows saturable kinetics corresponding to a maximum of 50, 000 replication sites per cell. The size of the pool of adenovirus DNA molecules actively replicating is approximately constant over infection, and the DNA molecules in the pool are preferentially replicated. By use of the measured rate parameters based on the strand displacement mechanism of DNA replication (R. L. Lechner and T. J. Kelly, Jr. , 1977. Cell, 12, 1007) several types of experiments were computer simulated to show that this mechanism and measured rate parameters are consistent quantitatively with experimental data. A mechanism is proposed for generation of defective adenovirus DNA inherent in normal replication

Impact of Immersive Training on Senior Chemical Engineering Students\u27 Prioritization of Process Safety Decision Criteria

Every year new safety features and regulations are employed within the process industry to reduce risks associated with operations. Despite these advancements chemical plants remain hazardous places, and the role of the engineer will always involve risk mitigation through real time decision making. Results from a previous study by Kongsvik et al., 2015 indicated that there were three types of decisions in major chemical plants: strategic decisions, operational decisions, and instantaneous decisions. The study showed the importance for improving upon engineers’ operational and instantaneous choices when tasked with quick solutions in the workforce. In this research study, we dive deeper to understand how senior chemical engineering students’ prioritize components of decision making such as budget, productivity, relationships, safety, and time, and how this prioritization may change as a result of participation in a digital immersive training environment called Contents Under Pressure. More specifically, we seek to address the following two research questions: (1) How do senior chemical engineering students prioritize safety in comparison to criteria such as budget, personal relationships, plant productivity, and time in a process safety context, and (2) How does senior chemical engineering students’ prioritization of decision making criteria (budget, personal relationships, plant productivity, safety, and time) change after exposure to a virtual process safety decision making environment? As part of this study, 187 senior chemical engineering students from three separate institutions completed a pre- and post-reflection survey around their engagement with Contents Under Pressure and asked them to rank their prioritizations of budget, productivity, relationships, safety, and time. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Friedman and Wilcoxon-sign-rank post hoc analyses were completed to determine any statistical differences between the rankings of decision making factors before and after engagement with Contents Under Pressure. Simulating process safety decision making with interactive educational supports may increase students’ understanding of genuine workplace environments and factors that contribute to process safety, without the real world hazards that result from poor decision making. By understanding how students prioritize these factors, chemical engineering curricula can be adapted to focus on the areas of process safety decision making where students need the largest improvement, thereby better preparing them to enter the engineering workforce

Digital Epidemiology

Mobile, social, real-time: the ongoing revolution in the way people communicate has given rise to a new kind of epidemiology. Digital data sources, when harnessed appropriately, can provide local and timely information about disease and health dynamics in populations around the world. The rapid, unprecedented increase in the availability of relevant data from various digital sources creates considerable technical and computational challenges

Gut Microbiome Phenotypes Driven by Host Genetics Affect Arsenic Metabolism

Large individual differences in susceptibility to arsenic-induced diseases are well-documented and frequently associated with different patterns of arsenic metabolism. In this context, the role of the gut microbiome in directly metabolizing arsenic and triggering systemic responses in diverse organs raises the possibility that gut microbiome phenotypes affect the spectrum of metabolized arsenic species. However, it remains unclear how host genetics and the gut microbiome interact to affect the biotransformation of arsenic. Using an integrated approach combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and HPLC-ICP-MS arsenic speciation, we demonstrate that IL-10 gene knockout leads to a significant taxonomic change of the gut microbiome, which in turn substantially affects arsenic metabolism.National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30 ES010126)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS grant P30 ES002109)University of Georgia. College of Public Health (internal grant)University of Georgia (Faculty Research Grant (FRG)

Bereavement and marriage are associated with antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly

Stressful life events exposure including bereavement, an event commonly experienced by elderly people, social support, marital status and satisfaction were examined in relation to antibody response to the annual trivalent influenza vaccination in an elderly community sample (N = 184). Antibody response was assessed at baseline, and at one and 12 months following vaccination. Taking into account baseline antibody titer, overall life events exposure and social support were not associated with response to any of the influenza strains. However, bereavement in the year prior to vaccination was negatively associated with the one-month response to the A/Panama and B/Shangdong strains. Being married and having higher marital satisfaction was also associated with higher peak responses to the A/Panama influenza strain at one month. The positive association between marital satisfaction and A/Panama response was particularly evident in the younger half of the married sample. These associations largely withstood adjustment for potential confounders. Thus, in the elderly, peak antibody response was associated with bereavement and marriage, and not the more general factors, life events and social support, related to antibody response in student samples. This suggests the importance of taking a life course approach to examining relationships between psychosocial factors and immunity, and that interventions to modify the impact of these factors should address those most salient for each age group

The controls of post-entrapment diffusion on the solubility of chalcopyrite daughter crystals in natural quartz-hosted fluid inclusions

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: The controls of post-entrapment diffusion on the solubility of chalcopyrite daughter crystals in natural quartz-hosted fluid inclusions journaltitle: Chemical Geology articlelink: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.07.005 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The attached document is the authors’ final accepted version of the journal article. It is under a 24 month embargo. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. The published version was published in Chemical Geology Vol.412 (2015) and can be found here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.07.005 © 2015. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0