Two centuries of masting data for European beech and Norway spruce across the European continent

Tree masting is one of the most intensively studied ecological processes. It affects nutrient fluxes of trees, regeneration dynamics in forests, animal population densities, and ultimately influences ecosystem services. Despite a large volume of research focused on masting, its evolutionary ecology, spatial and temporal variability and environmental drivers are still matter of debate. Understanding the proximate and ultimate causes of masting at broad spatial and temporal scales will enable us to predict tree reproductive strategies and their response to changing environment. Here we provide broad spatial (distribution range-wide) and temporal (century) masting data for the two main masting tree species in Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). We collected masting data from a total of 359 sources through an extensive literature review and from unpublished surveys. The dataset has a total of 1747 series and 18348 yearly observations from 28 countries and covering a time span of years 1677-2016 and 1791-2016 for beech and spruce, respectively. For each record, the following information is available: identification code; species; year of observation; proxy of masting (flower, pollen, fruit, seed, dendrochronological reconstructions); statistical data type (ordinal, continuous); data value; unit of measurement (only in case of continuous data); geographical location (country, Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics NUTS-1 level, municipality, coordinates); first and last record year and related length; type of data source (field survey, peer reviewed scientific literature, grey literature, personal observation); source identification code; date when data were added to the database; comments. To provide a ready-to-use masting index we harmonized ordinal data into five classes. Furthermore, we computed an additional field where continuous series with length >4 years where converted into a five classes ordinal index. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive published database on species-specific masting behaviour. It is useful to study spatial and temporal patterns of masting and its proximate and ultimate causes, to refine studies based on tree-ring chronologies, to understand dynamics of animal species and pests vectored by these animals affecting human health, and it may serve as calibration-validation data for dynamic forest models.The paper was partly funded by the “Fondo di Ricerca Locale 2015-2016” of the University of Torino and by the Stiftelsen Stina Werners fond (grant SSWF 10-1/29-3 to I.D.)

Mikromorphologische, nasschemische und "1"3C-NMR-spektroskopische Kennzeichnung der organischen Substanz von Waldhumusprofilen nach Dichtefraktionierung

TIB Hannover: RO 9287(8) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Relevance of canopy drip for the accumulation of nitrogen in moss used as biomonitors for atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Europe

201

Bewertung von Holz im Vergleich mit anderen Werkstoffen unter dem Aspekt der CO_2-Bilanz Forschungsbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 5905(2700) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekForstabsatzfond, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Carbon in tundra soils in the Lake Labaz region of arctic Siberia

Large amounts of carbon are stored in permafrost-affected soils of the Arctic tundra. The quantity, distribution and composition of this carbon are important, because much of the carbon is likely to be released as a result of global warming. We have studied soils of the central Siberian Arctic to determine the carbon content and the nature of the organic matter by density fractionation, and 13C-NMR- and 13C-stable-isotope analyses. There are pronounced differences in the profile and variations from place to place in the quantity and nature of soil organic matter. We estimated that the mean stock of carbon was 14.5 kg m–2 within the active layer. We found a total of about 30.7 kg C m–3 in the entire upper metre of the soils. Carbon of the tussock tundra showed strong vertical differentiation, with a large proportion comprising decomposed, recalcitrant compounds. We identified within the soil several zones of aerobe and anaerobe decomposition. Mobile carbon fractions have precipitated under the influence of low temperatures

Aporte de carbono solúvel pelo sistema radicular de arroz e sua influência nos teores de substâncias húmicas de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Input of dissolved carbon and its influence on humic substances content in an Oxisol

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a contribuição da deposição de C-orgânico solúvel pelo sistema radicular de arroz e a evolução de CO2, durante 64 dias de incubação, em amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo com adição de glicose e de raízes de arroz coletadas em diversos estádios de crescimento da planta (aos 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 dias da semeadura). Foi realizado o fracionamento da matéria orgânica humificada para avaliar o efeito da adição de sistema radicular na composição do húmus do solo. A rizodeposição de C-orgânico via exsudatos e, ou, decomposição de tecidos mortos mostrou-se correlacionada com o estádio de desenvolvimento da cultura. A rizodeposição total foi estimada em valores ao redor de 90 g m-2 de C por ciclo da planta. A adição de C via raízes às amostras de solo promoveu intensa mineralização da matéria orgânica preexistente no solo, principalmente nos primeiros dias de incubação, e aumentou o teor de C na fração ácidos fúlvicos do húmus, no final do experimento.<br>The aim of this study was to quantify the contribution of soluble organic-C deposition by rice root system and the CO2 evolution during 64 days in an Oxisol samples treated with glucose, and rice roots collected at different plant growth stages (40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 days after sowing). Thereafter, organic matter was fractionated to evaluate the effect of the addition of a root system on the soil humus composition. It was possible to observe the intense rhizodeposition of organic C by exudation or by decomposition of dead tissues. Organic C deposition via rhizodeposition was correlated with the plant development stages. Total rhizodeposition was estimated to be around 90 g m-2 C per plant cycle. The addition of organic C into soil samples via roots promoted intense mineralization of the native soil organic matter, particularly in the beginning of the incubation period, and eventually enhanced the fulvic acids concentration by the end of the experiment