Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on 10^3 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

The DUNE far detector vertical drift technology. Technical design report

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

Sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária na região do Cerrado

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os benefícios e as perspectivas potenciais de sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária no processo de intensificação de uso das áreas em exploração com lavoura de grãos e pastagens no Cerrado, e apontar as principais lacunas de informação sobre o sistema. Os principais benefícios da integração lavoura-pecuária são: melhoria das propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo; redução da ocorrência de doenças, insetos-pragas e plantas daninhas; maior produtividade das plantas e dos animais; e redução de riscos pela diversificação de atividades. No entanto, a adoção do sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária ainda é pequena, provavelmente em virtude da maior complexidade desse sistema. Concentrar esforços nos fatores que limitam a adoção desse sistema no Cerrado parece ser um ponto estratégico para novos estudos. A busca por melhoria na qualidade de cobertura de solo para o sistema plantio direto, por meio de gramíneas forrageiras, pode auxiliar na adoção da integração lavoura-pecuária no Cerrado. A expectativa é de que a adoção de sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária resulte em melhorias significativas na sustentabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental das propriedades e da sua região de influência

Individual and contextual influences on the affective commitment of retail salespeople

Salesperson characteristics as well as managerial approaches have been found to play an important role in the development of positive attitudes by salespersons towards an organisation. This study integrates these two research areas to investigate the personal and contextual antecedents of affective organisational commitment of retail salespeople. Fit theory and the literature on person-situation interaction provide the theoretical basis for explaining how salesperson selling skills, job liking and empowerment individually and jointly influence affective commitment. A multilevel modelling approach is used to analyse data from 105 sales managers and 419 salespeople. Findings reveal that salespersons&rsquo; affective commitment is influenced by their selling skills, degree of job liking, tenure and empowerment. The results also indicate that the impact of selling skills on affective commitment is higher when empowerment is high. Based on the study&rsquo;s findings, implications for managing salespeople as well as limitations and suggestions for future research are offered.</p