A Simple and Effective Laboratory Method of Growing Larvae of Lucilia sericata Using Clean and Moistened Sharp Sand Mixed with Groundnut Powder

Maggot is a general name given to larvae of many different insects. Some of these larvae are biotherapeutically used in debridement of infected, necrotic and non-healing wounds. The laboratory growing and management of many different larvae are important to medical units interested in maggot debridement therapy, research centres interested in studying the physiology of a given larvae and forensic entomology units that use linear regression method of determining time of death of a decomposing body. This study aims at developing an accessible and effective method of growing larvae of Lucilia sericata. A piece of putrid beef is hung out in the open to attract flies that deposit eggs which on hatching were able to burrow into  the clean dried silica-based sharp sand mixed with 1:10 groundnut powder in a 20 litre capacity plastic bucket. The bucket has a cover cut out to allow ventilation over a net. A tinge of iodized salt (0.5 gram) is added to help in metamorphosis. The soil was kept moist by 8 hourly sprinkling of water. The larvae counted were 300 and subsequently they were allowed to metamorphose to pupae and adults. The flies hatched were exposed to cold temperature of 10 oC for 10 minutes to reduce their activity and were then counted and the species identified. The different species identified may be use in growing a second generation of the desired larvae. Of the 286 units of flies, 10 were Musca domestica specie while 276 were Lucilia sericata specie. This effort has produced a 95% successful hatch that metamorphosed into adult flies. This introduces a reliable alternative of growing larvae in the laboratory.

Pretkoncentracija mikroelemenata iz vode koristeći 4-morfolin ditiokarbamat

The optimum conditions were found for the preconcentration of trace metals in natural waters and model samples with standard metals concentrations by using 4-morpholine dithiocarbamate. The formed complexes were extracted with chloroform. Different methods for recovering the metals from the organic solvent were studied and compared before AAS metal analysis. The developed preconcentration method was successfully applied to the determination of trace metals concentrations in water samples from the "Barje" lake (Leskovac. Yugoslavia).Nađeni su optimalni uslovi za pretkoncentraciju mikroelemenata iz vode koristeći 4-morfolin ditiokarbamat kao kompleksirajući agens. Nagrađeni kompleksi su ekstrahovani hloroformom. Upoređeni su različiti načini ekstrakcije metalnih jona iz organskog rastvarača pre analize atomskom apsorpcionom spektrofotometrijom. Razvijena metoda za pretkoncentraciju uspešno je primenjena za analizu uzoraka vode jezera Barje (Leskovac Jugoslavija)

Kompleksi paladijuma(II) sa ligandima R2edda tipa, deo III - diizobutil-(s,s)-2,2'-(1,2,-etandiildiimino)-di(4-metilpentanoat)-dihidrohlorid i njegov kompleks sa paladijumom(II) - sinteza i karakterizacija

A new R(2)edda-type ester, diisobutyl (SS)-2,2'-(1,2-ethane-diyldiimino)di(4-methylpentanoate) dihydrochloride, [(S,S)-H(2)iBu(2)eddl]Cl-2, 1, and its palladium(II) complex, dichloro(diisobutyl (SS)-2,2'-(1,2-ethanediyldiimino)di(4-methylpentanoate))palladium(II), [PdCl2{(S,S)-iBu(2)eddl}], 2, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, as well as IR and NMR spectroscopy. It was found that complex 2 was obtained as mixture of two diastereoisomers, observed in NMR spectra. The crystal structure of compound I was determined by X-ray diffraction studies and is described. The isolated crystals consisted of one dicationic species [(SS)-H(2)iBu(2)eddl](2+) and two Cl-. The crystal system was tetragonal with the space group P4(2). Hydrogen bonds significant for the manner of packing are N-H1N center dot center dot center dot Cl, 3.049(3) angstrom, 159(3)degrees and N-H2N center dot center dot center dot Cl, 3.100(3) angstrom, 164(3)degrees. An infinite chain was formed building a one layer structure, usual for these types of compounds. The C-2 symmetry axis of the compound passes through the Cl-Cl-i bond vector and lies perpendicular to the plane N2Cl2.Novi estar R2edda-tipa diizobutil-(S,S)-2,2'-(1,2-etandiildiimino)-di(4-metilpen-tanoat)-dihidrohlorid [(S,S)-H2iBu2eddl]Cl2,1, i njegov kompleks paladijuma(II), dihlorodiizobutil-(S,S)-2,2'-(1,2-etandiildiimino)-di(4-metilpentanoat)-paladijum(II) [PdCl2{(S,S)-iBu2eddl}], 2, sintetisani su i okarakterisani uz pomoć elementalne analize, IR i NMR spektroskopije. Nađeno je da je kompleks 2 dobijen kao smeša dva dijastereoizomera, što je primećeno u NMR spektrima. Kristalna struktura 1 je rešena i opisana. Izolovani kristali se sastoje iz jedne dikatjonske vrste [(S,S)-H2iBu2eddl]2+ i dva Cl-. Kristalni sistem je tetragonalan sa prostornim grupom P42. Značajne vodonične veze za način pakovanja su N-H1N•••Cl, 3,049(3) Å, 159(3)°i N-H2N...Cl, 3,100(3) Å, 164(3)°. Time se formira beskonačan lanac i jednoslojna struktura, koji su uobičajeni za ove tipove struktura. Osa simetrije C2 jedinjenja prolazi kroz C1-C1i vektor veze i leži normalno na N2Cl2 ravan. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 142010

(S,S)-N,N '-Bis(1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl)ethylenediammonium dihalide cyclopentanol tetrasolvate (halide = bromide/chloride similar or equal to 1:12)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(12)H(26)N(2)O(4)(2+)center dot-2(Br(0.085)Cl(0.915))(-)center dot 4C(5)H(9)OH, the complete cation is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry. Contamination of the chloride counter-anion with bromide occured during the preparation, due to the use of 1,2-dibromoethane. One of the solvent molecules is disordered, with occupancies 0.53 (3): 0.47 (3). The crystal packing is stabilized by an infinite two dimensional center dot center dot center dot X center dot center dot center dot H-N-H center dot center dot center dot X center dot center dot center dot hydrogen-bonding network (X: Br(-)/Cl(-) similar or equal to 1:12). In addition, O-H center dot center dot center dot X and O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds involving solvent molecules are observed