Modelos de estructuración de material didáctico multimeda utilizados en Campus Extens

Una de las tareas que se llevan a cabo en Campus Extens es la elaboración de material didáctico multimedia. El principal objetivo de esta comunicación es reflexionar sobre el diseño de materiales multimedia y presentar los diferentes modelos de estructuración que hemos utilizado y con los que actualmente estamos trabajando e investigando, que son básicamente tres y que las hemos denominado de la siguiente manera: una estructuración de contenidos ramificada, una estructuración de contenidos en mapa conceptual y una guía de investigación o trabajo.One of the tasks that are carried out in Campus Extens is the elaboration of didactic multimedia material. The main objective of this communication is to meditate on the design of multimedia material and to present the different structuring models that we have used and with those that at the moment we are working and investigating, that they are basically three and that we have denominated them in the following way: a ramified structuring of contents, a structuring of contents in conceptual map and an investigation guide or work

Ciencia abierta y la producción científica de la Universidad de Camagüey en redes sociales académicas

Objetivo. Analizar la presencia de la comunidad científica de la Universidad de Camagüey y su producción científica en ResearchGate y Google Scholar, herramientas de elevado uso social, también se han extendido al contexto académico y tienen un papel esencial en el desarrollo de la ciencia abierta.Diseño/Metodología/Enfoque. La investigación se desarrolla a partir del análisis empírico del comportamiento de toda la actividad que se genera en ResearchGate y Google Scholar a través de los indicadores almétricos presentes en estos espacios digitales. Resultados/Discusión. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la existencia de los investigadores dicha institución y su labor científica y académica en ResearchGate y Google Scholar, así como el aprovechamiento de sus prestaciones para la difusión de resultados científicos. Además, se observó poca presencia de la comunidad científica de la institución en ambas plataformas. Conclusiones. Posicionar la producción científica de las universidades en plataformas de colaboración científica como las redes sociales académicas, esta es una práctica de vital importancia para visibilidad de la ciencia en la web y de cara a dar nuevos pasos en el desarrollo de la ciencia abierta.  A pesar de ello, la presencia de la Universidad de Camagüey en ResearchGate y Google Scholar es discreta y no se corresponden con la capacidad científico- investigativa de la institución académica. Originalidad/Valor. El enfoque de la investigación permite apreciar la sinergia entre ciencia abierta, investigación científica, comunicación científica y redes sociales académicas. A través de la estructura científica del centro, se analiza su comportamiento en ResearchGate y Google Scholar.

Plastic accumulation in the Mediterranean Sea

Concentrations of floating plastic were measured throughout the Mediterranean Sea to assess whether this basin can be regarded as a great accumulation region of plastic debris. We found that the average density of plastic (1 item per 4 m2), as well as its frequency of occurrence (100% of the sites sampled), are comparable to the accumulation zones described for the five subtropical ocean gyres. Plastic debris in the Mediterranean surface waters was dominated by millimeter-sized fragments, but showed a higher proportion of large plastic objects than that present in oceanic gyres, reflecting the closer connection with pollution sources. The accumulation of floating plastic in the Mediterranean Sea (between 1,000 and 3,000 tons) is likely related to the high human pressure together with the hydrodynamics of this semi-enclosed basin, with outflow mainly occurring through a deep water layer. Given the biological richness and concentration of economic activities in the Mediterranean Sea, the affects of plastic pollution on marine and human life are expected to be particularly frequent in this plastic accumulation region

Concentrations of floating plastic debris in the Mediterranean Sea measured during MedSeA-2013 cruise

Floating plastic debris sampled in surface waters of the Mediterranean Sea in May 2013 on board the Spanish R/V Angeles Alvariño. Geographical coordinates and dates of sampling are available in the dataset. Surface plastic concentrations derived from net tows were adjusted in relation to wind speed following the vertical-distribution model proposed by Kukulta et al. (2012, doi:10.1029/2012GL051116)

Plastic Accumulation in the Mediterranean Sea

Concentrations of floating plastic were measured throughout the Mediterranean Sea to assess whether this basin can be regarded as a great accumulation region of plastic debris. We found that the average density of plastic (1 item per 4 m2), as well as its frequency of occurrence (100% of the sites sampled), are comparable to the accumulation zones described for the five subtropical ocean gyres. Plastic debris in the Mediterranean surface waters was dominated by millimeter-sized fragments, but showed a higher proportion of large plastic objects than that present in oceanic gyres, reflecting the closer connection with pollution sources. The accumulation of floating plastic in the Mediterranean Sea (between 1,000 and 3,000 tons) is likely related to the high human pressure together with the hydrodynamics of this semi-enclosed basin, with outflow mainly occurring through a deep water layer. Given the biological richness and concentration of economic activities in the Mediterranean Sea, the affects of plastic pollution on marine and human life are expected to be particularly frequent in this plastic accumulation region

Size distribution and aspect of the floating plastic debris collected in the Mediterranean Sea.

<p>The size distribution of plastic debris in the Mediterranean (<i>n</i> = 3,901 plastic items; this study) is compared to those measured for plastic accumulation regions in the open ocean (<i>n</i> = 4,184 plastic items; [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref005" target="_blank">5</a>]). Both plastic size distributions were obtained using the same methodology. Horizontal axis shows the size limits of the bins in logarithmic scale. Because the width of the bins is not uniform, the vertical axis (i.e., normalized abundance of plastic) is shown as number of plastic items divided by the width of the bin (in millimeters). In the comparison of the plastic size distributions in Mediterranean and open-ocean waters, note the logarithmic scale of the vertical axis. The percentages (in abundance) of plastic types (pellets/granules, films, fishing threads, foam, fragments) found in the Mediterranean Sea are shown in the chart at the top right corner.</p

Ranges of surface plastic concentrations measured in the Mediterranean Sea, and reported for the open ocean.

<p>A) Frequency distribution of the measurements of plastic concentrations in the Mediterranean Sea (<i>n</i> = 72) and in the global ocean (<i>n</i> = 1760). Mediterranean measurements (blue line) are from the present study and ref. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref020" target="_blank">20</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>]; ocean measurements (red line), including the five plastic accumulations in the subtropical gyres, were compiled from ref. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref001" target="_blank">1</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref005" target="_blank">5</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>]. All these data are mapped in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>. Size limits of the bins, shown in the horizontal axis, followed a 2.5-log series of plastic concentration (in g km²). B) Surface plastic concentrations measured in the Mediterranean Sea, and reported for the inner accumulation zone of the five subtropical gyres (dark gray areas in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>) [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref001" target="_blank">1</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref005" target="_blank">5</a>]. Ranges of concentrations outside the convergence zone of each subtropical gyre (white areas in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>) are also shown for comparative purposes. The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, the whiskers above and below the boxes indicate the 95th and 5th percentiles, and the black and white dots mark mean and median respectively. All data in this analysis include correction by wind effect.</p

Concentrations of plastic debris in surface waters of the Mediterranean Sea at basin scale (zoomed in the top right corner inset), and compared to the plastic concentrations reported for the global ocean.

<p>Gray-scale base map in the Mediterranean basin shows the relative surface plastic concentrations predicted by numerical modeling [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref008" target="_blank">8</a>]. Darker areas are predicted to have higher concentrations. Major areas of deep-water formation in the Mediterranean are also shown with black circles [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref024" target="_blank">24</a>]. In the global map, dark and light gray areas represent inner and outer accumulation zones, respectively, modeled for the five subtropical gyres; white oceanic areas represent non-accumulation zones [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>]. Mediterranean map compiles data from the present study and from ref. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref020" target="_blank">20</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>], while open-ocean map compiles measurements of plastic concentrations from ref. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref001" target="_blank">1</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref005" target="_blank">5</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>]. Outside the inner accumulation zones, the open-ocean also includes concentrations reported without correction by wind effect (see details in ref. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762#pone.0121762.ref005" target="_blank">5</a>]).</p