LITERATURA, FRANCOFONIA E ALTERIDADE: POR UMA ABORDAGEM INTERCULTURAL CRÍTICA

O presente artigo propõe-se a pensar a relevância do estudo de textos literários francófonos no contexto do ensino-aprendizado do francês língua estrangeira (FLE), com uma perspectiva intercultural reflexiva, a partir da intervenção pedagógica em uma turma de pós-graduação da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Para tanto, apresentaremos nosso estudo por meio de quatro principais eixos temáticos: as teorias interculturalistas de natureza crítica e suas abordagens; as discussões conceituais sobre francofonia; o ensino-aprendizagem de FLE; e a literatura pós-colonial. O quarto eixo estabelecerá a interação entre teoria e prática. Quanto ao tratamento dos conceitos em jogo, propusemos aos alunos-professores a elaboração de fichas pedagógicas da obra Le coeur à rire et à pleurer, de Maryse Condé. Acreditamos que as escritas de si favorecem uma ida ao Outro e a Si-Mesmo. Palavras-chave: Literatura. Abordagem. Francofonia. Alteridade. Interculturalidade

Relatos de Extensão: um projeto online com práticas do yoga

This experience report summarizes the activities developed in an University Extension Project, held in six online meetings organized by servers of a technological educational institution, students and people from the external community. The proposal was a demand of students who participated in presential modality of the referred project. We aim to promote Yoga as a healthy exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, through weekly practices whose themes were pointed out by the group during the meetings: what is Yoga; concentration; learning; positivity; Yoga at work; the importance of breathing. Registration and classes were carried out in virtual platforms with open access to the community. The registration form allowed to outline the health habits and perceptions of the participants regarding the pandemic moment and their expectations in relation to Yoga. We present the development process, the records of each meeting and the reflections on this extension activity. The results indicated that Yoga is an important element for extension activities, as it promoted a healthy action, bringing servers, students, and the external community closer together in a unique context of illness.Este relato de experiência sintetiza as atividades desenvolvidas em um projeto de Extensão, realizado em seis encontros on-line organizados por servidoras de uma instituição tecnológica de ensino, discentes e pessoas da comunidade externa. A proposta foi demanda de estudantes que participaram da modalidade presencial do referido projeto. Objetivamos a divulgação do Yoga enquanto exercício saudável durante a pandemia de COVID-19, em 2020, através de práticas semanais cujos temas foram apontados pelo grupo ao longo dos encontros: o que é o Yoga; concentração; aprendizagem; positividade; Yoga laboral; a importância da respiração. As inscrições e aulas foram realizadas em plataformas virtuais abertas para a comunidade. O formulário de cadastro permitiu delinear os hábitos de saúde e as percepções dos/as participantes quanto ao momento pandêmico e as suas expectativas em relação ao Yoga. Apresentamos o processo de desenvolvimento, os registros de cada encontro e as reflexões sobre essa atividade de Extensão. Os resultados indicaram que o Yoga é um elemento importante para atividades extensionistas, na medida em que promoveu uma ação saudável, aproximando servidores/as, estudantes e comunidade externa num contexto ímpar de adoecimento.

A pele como território mínimo corporal e os cuidados de enfermagem às manifestações cutâneas na nefroclínica

The aim was to describe the technical and expressive nursing care for the cutaneous manifestations of patients in an advanced stage of kidney disease. Convergent care research, with twenty-one nursing professionals, in the nephroclinic of a large University Hospital, located in the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, in 2014. The observed manifestations: skin dryness, alteration of coloration, capillary fragility, alterations related to the fistula, itching and alterations of body mass, require priority technical care of hygiene, dressing, comfort, integument recovery and delicate handling of the skin. Pain and sensations in the body's territory require redoubled attention to the perceptible visual, olfactory and tactile effects during technical care. It is concluded to reflect collectively on the cutaneous manifestations in the patient's skin, sensitized the nursing professionals to look see and perceive the objective and expressive demands. By expanding the dimensions of the minimal body territory centered on the skin to accept the skin as a historical-personal-singular envelope, technical care gains new meaning to improve assessment, care plans and the assistance offered.Objetivou-se descrever os cuidados técnicos e expressivos de enfermagem às manifestações cutâneas de pacientes em estágio avançado de doença renal. Pesquisa convergente-assistencial, com vinte e um profissionais de enfermagem, na nefroclínica de um Hospital Universitário de grande porte, localizado na região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil, em 2014. As manifestações observadas: ressecamento da pele, alteração de coloração, fragilidade capilar, alterações relacionadas à fístula, prurido e alterações de massa corporal, exigem cuidados técnicos prioritários de higiene, curativo, conforto, recuperação do tegumento e manuseio delicado da pele. A dor e as sensações no território corporal exige redobrada atenção sobre os efeitos perceptíveis visuais, olfativos e tátil durante o cuidado técnico. Conclui-se refletir coletivamente sobre as manifestações cutâneas na pele do paciente, sensibilizou os profissionais de enfermagem para olhar, enxergar e perceber as demandas objetivas e expressivas. Ao ampliar as dimensões de território mínimo corporal centrado na pele para aceitar a pele como envoltório histórico-pessoal-singular, o cuidado técnico ganha novo significado para melhorar a avaliação, os planos de cuidados e a assistência ofertada

Avaliação clínica contínua por enfermeiros essencial à promoção da saúde na hemodiálise

The aim was to discuss how the continuous clinical assessment by nurses is an essential action in promoting the health of people with chronic kidney disease. Qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, based on a recorded interview, with eight nurses on hemodialysis at a University Hospital, Southeast region of Brazil, in 2017. The analysis was processed with the help of the NVivo® 11 software. To place the patient at the center of care, clinical assessment must be continuous; must be monitored gradually; it needs to encompass complaints, needs and clinical oscillations; must consider everyday conditions experienced by him. Everything helps in understanding the behavioral and clinical profile in the face of the changes necessary for adherence to treatment. Continuously valuing the psychological, physical, social, emotional state and the ability to understand the patient in each clinical evaluation has a positive impact when performed frequently and when interdisciplinary interventions are available, in favor of promoting their health.Objetivou-se discutir como a avaliação clínica contínua por enfermeiro é uma ação essencial na promoção da saúde de pessoas com doença renal crônica. Estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, a partir de entrevista gravada, com oito enfermeiros na hemodiálise de Hospital Universitário, região Sudeste do Brasil, em 2017. A análise foi processada com o auxílio do software NVivo® 11. Para inserir o paciente no centro do cuidado, a avaliação clínica deve ser contínua; deve ser monitorada gradativamente; precisa englobar as queixas, as necessidades e as oscilações clínicas; deve considerar condições cotidianas vivenciadas por ele. Tudo auxilia na compreensão do perfil comportamental e clínico frente as mudanças necessárias à adesão ao tratamento. Valorizar continuamente o estado psicológico, físico, social, emocional e a capacidade de compreensão do paciente em cada avaliação clínica impacta positivamente quando realizada frequentemente e quando se dispõe de intervenções interdisciplinares, a favor da promoção de sua saúde

Avaliação clínica contínua por enfermeiros essencial à promoção da saúde na hemodiálise

The aim was to discuss how the continuous clinical assessment by nurses is an essential action in promoting the health of people with chronic kidney disease. Qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, based on a recorded interview, with eight nurses on hemodialysis at a University Hospital, Southeast region of Brazil, in 2017. The analysis was processed with the help of the NVivo® 11 software. To place the patient at the center of care, clinical assessment must be continuous; must be monitored gradually; it needs to encompass complaints, needs and clinical oscillations; must consider everyday conditions experienced by him. Everything helps in understanding the behavioral and clinical profile in the face of the changes necessary for adherence to treatment. Continuously valuing the psychological, physical, social, emotional state and the ability to understand the patient in each clinical evaluation has a positive impact when performed frequently and when interdisciplinary interventions are available, in favor of promoting their health.Objetivou-se discutir como a avaliação clínica contínua por enfermeiro é uma ação essencial na promoção da saúde de pessoas com doença renal crônica. Estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, a partir de entrevista gravada, com oito enfermeiros na hemodiálise de Hospital Universitário, região Sudeste do Brasil, em 2017. A análise foi processada com o auxílio do software NVivo® 11. Para inserir o paciente no centro do cuidado, a avaliação clínica deve ser contínua; deve ser monitorada gradativamente; precisa englobar as queixas, as necessidades e as oscilações clínicas; deve considerar condições cotidianas vivenciadas por ele. Tudo auxilia na compreensão do perfil comportamental e clínico frente as mudanças necessárias à adesão ao tratamento. Valorizar continuamente o estado psicológico, físico, social, emocional e a capacidade de compreensão do paciente em cada avaliação clínica impacta positivamente quando realizada frequentemente e quando se dispõe de intervenções interdisciplinares, a favor da promoção de sua saúde

Prevenção de alto índice de massa corporal e transtornos alimentares: meta-análise

Transtornos alimentares (TA) e o alto Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) são dois problemas de saúde pública com impactos significativos na saúde e nos custos. Estudos anteriores foram realizados para estabelecimento de intervenções eficazes na prevenção desses problemas. Este artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer as intervenções na prevenção de transtornos alimentares e do alto índice de massa corporal através de ensaios controlados randomizados ou quase randomizados. As bases de dados eletrônicas foram pesquisadas em outubro de 2022, cujos critérios de inclusão foram artigos que constituíram ensaios randomizados ou quase randomizados que avaliaram alguma intervenção preventiva e relataram transtornos alimentares relacionados aos resultados de IMC. A síntese narrativa quanto a meta-análise foram utilizadas para sintetizar os resultados. O viés de publicação também foi investigado. Dos estudos incluídos nesta análise (figura 01) o principal objetivo deles foi a prevenção de transtornos alimentares (n=23), prevenção de IMC alto (n=21) e prevenção de TA e IMC alto (n=10). Os resultados da meta-análise indicaram que as intervenções preventivas tiveram um efeito significativo em vários resultados como preocupações com a forma e peso, insatisfação corporal, afeto negativo, sintomas de transtorno alimentar e internalização, com tamanhos de efeito variando de -0,16 (IC 95% - 0,27, - 0,06) a – 0,61 (IC 95% - 0,29, - 0,04). Apesar de vários estudos que demonstraram impactos positivos no IMC, não houve efeito significativo nas medidas relacionadas ao IMC na meta-análise. O risco de viés de publicação foi baixo para a maioria dos resultados de efeito agrupado. As intervenções preventivas foram eficazes para IMC alto ou TAs. Contudo, as evidências são limitadas para mostrar que as atuais intervenções preventivas foram eficazes na redução de ambos os resultados. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para explorar os fatores de risco que são compartilhados por esses distúrbios relacionados ao peso, bem como intervenções de prevenção eficazes

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

EX VIVO MODEL OF RABBIT INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF COLONIZATION BY ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA COLI

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The diarrheal syndrome is considered a serious public health problem all over the world and is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The high incidence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in diarrheal syndromes classified as an emerging pathogen of gastrointestinal infections. After decades of study, your pathogenesis remains uncertain and has been investigated mainly using in vitro models of adhesion in cellular lines. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the interaction of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains isolated from childhood diarrhea with rabbit ileal and colonic mucosa ex vivo, using the in vitro organ culture model. METHODS The in vitro adhesion assays using cultured tissue were performed with the strains co-incubated with intestinal fragments of ileum and colon over a period of 6 hours. Each strain was tested with three intestinal fragments for each region. The fragments were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Through scanning electron microscopy we observed that all strains adhered to rabbit ileal and colonic mucosa, with the typical aggregative adherence pattern of “stacked bricks” on the epithelium. However, the highest degree of adherence was observed on colonic mucosa. Threadlike structures were found in greater numbers in the ileum compared to the colon. CONCLUSION These data showed that enteroaggregative Escherichia coli may have a high tropism for the human colon, which was ratified by the higher degree of adherence on the rabbit colonic mucosa. Finally, data indicated that in vitro organ culture of intestinal mucosa from rabbit may be used to elucidate the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli pathogenesis