Percepción de la violencia en niños y niñas de 4to., 5to. y 6to. grado de primaria que asisten a la Escuela Oficial Urbana Mixta Tipo Federación No. 2, 17 de abril de 1763, Villa Nueva.

Interpretó la percepción que tienen los niños y niñas de nivel primario de la violencia. Implementó un programa de prevención de la violencia, se logró promover formas de relación pacíficas y se desarrollar habilidades de comunicación que favorecieron la libre y sana convivencia en la comunidad educativa, se contribuyó en la construcción de una cultura de paz. La investigación fue desarrollada en la Escuela Oficial Urbana Mixta Tipo Federación No.2 “17 de Abril de 1763”, jornada matutina; ubicada en el municipio de Villa Nueva, durante los meses de febrero a junio del año 2014. La muestra estuvo conformada por 46 niños y niñas de 4to., 5to. y 6to. primaria. Para recolectar datos se utilizó la observación participativa, el dibujo técnico, entrevista en profundidad, cuestionario para maestros acerca de percepción de violencia y talleres participativos. Para el análisis estadístico de los resultados se utilizaron: codificación abierta, codificación axial y teorización. Con el programa se logró que, los estudiantes adquirieran conciencia de su realidad y de su responsabilidad, se logró mejores relaciones interpersonales y habilidades sociales asertivas

Variables determining the commercial maturity of castilla blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth)

P?ginas 39-44El estado de madurez es considerado uno de los factores determinantes en la comercializaci?n de los productos hortofrut?colas, principalmente, por su relaci?n directa con la calidad y el tiempo de conservaci?n en poscosecha. La mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth), considerada un fruto no climat?rico altamente perecedero, evidencia en su recolecci?n heterogeneidad en forma, tama?o, color, peso y composici?n, que genera altas p?rdidas durante las etapas de cosecha, poscosecha y comercializaci?n, lo que, en consecuencia, afecta vol?menes en el mercado y produce p?rdidas econ?micas. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue establecer el grado de madurez de cosecha adecuado para la comercializaci?n de la mora proveniente del ca??n del Combeima, para lo cual se recurri? a la evaluaci?n de par?metros f?sicos, qu?micos y fisiol?gicos en producto con grado de madurez 4, 5 y 6 seg?n la NTC 4106. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian diferencias significativas en el estado de madurez 4 respecto del peso fresco que se reduce en promedio 12 %, el m?nimo contenido de s?lidos solubles (6.93 ? 0.12 ?Bx) que indicen en el ?ndice de madurez y la superior intensidad respiratoria durante su almacenamiento refrigerado, aspectos que reducen la calidad y vida ?til de este fruto. Se concluy? que el estado de madurez recomendable para la cosecha y comercializaci?n del producto evaluado es el 5, teniendo en cuenta que en este se alcanza la adecuada acumulaci?n de ?cidos, s?lidos solubles, tama?o y forma caracter?stica del fruto, sin diferencias significativas en peso al compararse con la madurez comercial actual (GM 6).ABSTRACT. The maturity stage is considered a factor decisive in the marketing of horticultural products, mainly because its direct related with the quality and postharvest shelf life. Castilla blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is considered a non-climateric highly perishable fruit, presented in its harvest heterogeneity, in shape, size, color, weight and composition, generating high losses during the harvest, post-harvest and marketing that in consequence affect the market stock and economic losses. Therefore, the aim of this study was establish the proper harvest maturity for marketing of blackberry from Canyon Combeima, which was assement of physical, chemical and physiological with maturity level 4, 5 and 6 according to standard Icontec 4106. The results showed significant differences in maturity stage 4 respect to fresh weight was reduced 12 %, minimum soluble solids content (6.93 ? 0.12 ?Bx) influencing maturity index and higher respiratory rate during refrigerated storage, both of which reduce the quality and shelf life of this fruit. It was concluded that the state of maturity harvest and marketing recommended of the product evaluated is five, considering that in that state it reached adequate accumulation of acids, soluble solids, size and characteristic form of the fruit, without significant differences in weight when compared with the actual commercial maturity (GM 6)

Surface disinfectants for the in vitro establishment of Grevillea robusta nodal segments

La contaminación microbiana es un problema constante quecompromete el desarrollo de todas la técnicas in vitro. Las pérdidascausadas por microorganismos contaminantes principalmentehongos y bacterias constituyen un serio problema a escalamundial en los numerosos laboratorios. Por ello para determinarun protocolo de desinfección de segmentos nodales de Grevillearobusta provenientes de brotes recolectados de plantas mantenidasen invernadero, se ensayaron diferentes soluciones de desinfectante(hipoclorito de sodio, peroxosulfato acido de potasio,peróxido de hidrogeno, y dos fungicidas, oxicloruro de cobre ycarbendazim), en distintas concentraciones (de 0,5 a 10 g. L-1) ytiempos de exposición (15, 30 o 60 minutos). Los explantesfueron cultivados en un medio basal de Murasghige y Skoog. Alos 28 días de cultivo, se determinó porcentaje de contaminación,oxidación y supervivencia/establecimiento de los explantes.Si bien todos los tratamientos ensayados han permitido elestablecimiento de los cultivos entre un 36,67± 5,77 y un90,00±10 %; los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con un pre-tratamiento de NaClO 0,25 g. L-1 y Carbendazim 0,75 g. L-1 por15 minutos recomendándolo para un establecimiento exitoso,con un porcentaje de contaminación mínimo y un efecto fitotóxicoen cuanto a ennegrecimiento u oxidación de los tejidos, dentrode los parámetros razonables.Microbial contamination is a constant problem, which often compromises development of all in vitro techniques. The losses caused by contaminating microorganisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, are a serious worldwide problem in numerous laboratories. Thereby, to determine a protocol for the disinfection of nodal segments of Grevillea robusta from sprouts collected from greenhouse plants, different disinfectant solutions were tried (sodium hypochlorite; potassium hydrogen persulfate; hydrogen peroxide; and two fungicides, copper oxychloride and carbendazim), using different concentrations (between 0.5 and 10 g. L-1) and times of exposure (15, 30, and 60 minutes). The explants were cultivated in a basal medium of Murasghige and Skoog. At 28 days of culture, the percentages of contamination, oxidation and survival/establishment of all the explants were determined. Even though all treatments tested allowed establishment between 36.67± 5.77 and 90.00±10 %, the best results were obtained with a pretreatment using NaClO 0.25 g. L-1 and Carbendazim 0.75 g. L-1 for 15 minutes. Thus, this pre-treatment is recommended for a successful establishment, with a minimum percentage of contamination, and phytotoxic effects of blackening or tissue oxidation within reasonable parametersFil: Bogado, Facundo Ariel. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Vera Bravo, C.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Ayala, Paula Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Sansberro, Pedro Alfonso. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Claudia Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentin

Towards precision medicine: defining and characterizing adipose tissue dysfunction to identify early immunometabolic risk in symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study

Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes are early molecular factors influencing adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, resulting in high leptin, low adiponectin circulating levels and low-grade metaflammation, leading to insulin resistance (IR) with increased cardiovascular risk. We report the characterization of AT dysfunction through measurements of the adiponectin/leptin ratio (ALR), the adipo-insulin resistance index (Adipo-IRi), fasting/postprandial (F/P) immunometabolic phenotyping and direct F/P differential gene expression in AT biopsies obtained from symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study. AT dysfunction was evaluated through associations of the ALR with F/P insulin-glucose axis, lipid-lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammatory markers. A relevant pattern of negative associations between decreased ALR and markers of systemic lowgrade metaflammation, HOMA, and postprandial cardiovascular risk hyperinsulinemic, triglyceride and GLP-1 curves was found. We also analysed their plasma non-coding microRNAs and shotgun lipidomics profiles finding trends that may reflect a pattern of adipose tissue dysfunction in the fed and fasted state. Direct gene differential expression data showed initial patterns of AT molecular signatures of key immunometabolic genes involved in AT expansion, angiogenic remodelling and immune cell migration. These data reinforce the central, early role of AT dysfunction at the molecular and systemic level in the pathogenesis of IR and immunometabolic disorders

Chemical and nano-mineralogical study for determining potential uses of legal Colombian gold mine sludge: Experimental evidence

The present study is focused on the chemical and nano-mineralogical characterization of sludge from gold mine activities, in order to put forward diverse solution alternatives, where lack of knowledge has been found. The sample was collected from “La Estrella” mine of Suarez, located in Department of Cauca, south-west Colombia. The sludge micro-structure and chemical composition were analyzed using a high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) equipped with a dispersive X-ray detector (EDS). X-ray diffraction technique was employed to identify the mineralogical phases present in the sludge. Additional mineralogical characterization was done by using RAMAN spectroscopy. Main findings points to its potential to be used as a fertilizer, this is why, mine sludge contains macronutrients such as P, Ca and S, together with micronutrients like Cu. However, the presence of goethite could decrease the mobilization of nutrients to soils, thus additional alternatives, for instance, a mixture with humus or another material containing Humic Acids should be done, in order to minimizing its retention effect. Additionally, another possible uses to explore could be as construction and ceramic material or in the wastewater treatment for nutrient retention and organic material removal. Rutile (TiO2 nanoparticles) particles have been also detected, what could cause health concern due to its nanoparticle toxic character, mainly during gold extraction process

On the relationship between suspended sediment concentration, rainfall variability and groundwater: An empirical and probabilistic analysis for the Andean Beni River, Bolivia (2003-2016)

Fluvial sediment dynamics plays a key role in the Amazonian environment, with most of the sediments originating in the Andes. The Madeira River, the second largest tributary of the Amazon River, contributes up to 50% of its sediment discharge to the Atlantic Ocean, most of it provided by the Andean part of the Madeira basin, in particular the Beni River. In this study, we assessed the rainfall (R)-surface suspended sediment concentration (SSSC) and discharge (Q)-SSSC relationship at the Rurrenabaque station (200 m a.s.l.) in the Beni Andean piedmont (Bolivia). We started by showing how the R and Q relationship varies throughout the hydrological year (September to August), describing a counter-clockwise hysteresis, and went on to evaluate the R-SSSC and Q-SSSC relationships. Although no marked hysteresis is observed in the first case, a clockwise hysteresis is described in the second. In spite of this, the rating curve normally used (SSSC = aQb) shows a satisfactory R2 = 0.73 (p < 0.05). With regard to water discharge components, a linear function relates the direct surface flow Qs-SSSC, and a hysteresis is observed in the relationship between the base flow Qb and SSSC. A higher base flow index (Qb/Q) is related to lower SSSC and vice versa. This article highlights the role of base flow on sediment dynamics and provides a method to analyze it through a seasonal empirical model combining the influence of both Qb and Qs, which could be employed in other watersheds. A probabilistic method to examine the SSSC relationship with R and Q is also proposed. © 2019 by the authors

Anopheles darlingi polytene chromosomes: revised maps including newly described inversions and evidence for population structure in Manaus

Salivary gland polytene chromosomes of 4th instar Anopheles darlingi Root were examined from multiple locations in the Brazilian Amazon. Minor modifications were made to existing polytene photomaps. These included changes to the breakpoint positions of several previously described paracentric inversions and descriptions of four new paracentric inversions, two on the right arm of chromosome 3 and two on the left arm of chromosome 3 that were found in multiple locations. A total of 18 inversions on the X (n = 1) chromosome, chromosome 2 (n = 7) and 3 (n = 11) were scored for 83 individuals from Manaus, Macapá and Porto Velho municipalities. The frequency of 2Ra inversion karyotypes in Manaus shows significant deficiency of heterozygotes (p < 0.0009). No significant linkage disequilibrium was found between inversions on chromosome 2 and 3. We hypothesize that at least two sympatric subpopulations exist within the An. darlingi population at Manaus based on inversion frequencies

Escucha México: estrategias gráficas y cultura auditiva

Durante el periodo de Primavera 2021, el PAP Escucha México tiene como objetivo desarrollar vinculaciones con instituciones, organizaciones e iniciativas ciudadanas que se dedican al tema de la cultura auditiva y el ruido en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. Mediante la sensibilización de la comunidad ante la problemática de la contaminación sonora, la discapacidad auditiva y de lenguaje, se busca generar entornos incluyentes. A lo largo del semestre se intervino Cruzada Contra el Ruido, Clinica Mariana Anaya Doll y Escucha México Redes Sociales, en las cuales se trabajó con la rehabilitación de sus redes sociales y productos comunicativos buscando generar un impacto en su audiencia.ITESO, A.C

Sildenafil Reduces Insulin-Resistance in Human Endothelial Cells

The efficacy of Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors to re-establish endothelial function is reduced in diabetic patients. Recent evidences suggest that therapy with PDE5 inhibitors, i.e. sildenafil, may increase the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) proteins in the heart and cardiomyocytes. In this study we analyzed the effect of sildenafil on endothelial cells in insulin resistance conditions in vitro