Electrodeposition of aluminium-titanium alloys from molten fluoride-oxide electrolytes

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)This study reports the direct production of an aluminium-titanium alloy during aluminium electrolysis in fluoride-based melts. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory cell dedicated to current efficiency mea-surements. The temperature was varied from 960 to 980 ◦C at a cathodic current density (CCD) of 0.9 A/cm2 and a cryolite ratio (CR) of 2.2. The titanium content was up to 1.0 wt%. Titanium was added in the form of a TiO2 precursor. Bath samples were collected regularly and analyzed with ICP-MS to observe the decay of titanium during electrolysis. The current efficiency for electrodeposition of Al–Ti alloys was estimated to be at least around 90%. The surface of the solidified metal deposits was mostly flat, but some deposits were partially deformed.Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige UniversitetPeer reviewe

Electrochemical production of Al–Mn alloys during the electrodeposition of aluminium in a laboratory cell

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)This study reports the direct production of an aluminium–manganese alloy during aluminium electrolysis in fluoride-based melts. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory cell dedicated for current efficiency measurements. The temperature was varied from 965–980 °C at a cathodic current density (CCD) of 0.9 A/cm2 and a cryolite ratio (CR) of 2.2. The manganese content was up to 3.0 wt%. Manganese was added in the form of Mn2O3. Bath samples were collected regularly and analyzed with ICP-MS to observe the decay of manganese during electrolysis. It was possible to produce Al-Mn alloys of up to 21 wt. % Mn. Current efficiency for the electrodeposition of Al–Mn alloy was estimated to be in the range of 93%. Current efficiencies with respect to aluminium were estimated. The solidified surfaces of the metal deposits were mostly flat, but some were deformed.Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige UniversitetPeer reviewe

Electrodeposition of aluminium-titanium alloys from molten fluoride-oxide electrolytes

This study reports the direct production of an aluminium-titanium alloy during aluminium electrolysis in fluoride-based melts. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory cell dedicated to current efficiency measurements. The temperature was varied from 960 to 980 °C at a cathodic current density (CCD) of 0.9 A/cm2 and a cryolite ratio (CR) of 2.2. The titanium content was up to 1.0 wt%. Titanium was added in the form of a TiO2 precursor. Bath samples were collected regularly and analyzed with ICP-MS to observe the decay of titanium during electrolysis. The current efficiency for electrodeposition of Al–Ti alloys was estimated to be at least around 90%. The surface of the solidified metal deposits was mostly flat, but some deposits were partially deformed

Electrochemical Production of Al-Si Alloys in Cryolitic Melts in a Laboratory Cell

Direct production of aluminium-silicon alloy during aluminium electrolysis in fluoride-based melts was studied. Experiments were carried out in a laboratory cell dedicated to current efficiency measurements. Electrolysis was run at 960 °C, 970 °C, and 980 °C at a fixed cathodic current density (CCD) of 0.9 A cm−2 and a cryolite ratio (CR) of 2.2. Silicon content was up to 4 wt.% added via SiO2 precursor. SEM/EDX and ICP-MS were carried out for some of the deposits to characterize the solidified deposit surface of the produced metal and to estimate the current efficiency for Al-Si alloy. It was possible to produce alloys of at least 9.0 wt.% Si in Al with an estimated alloy current efficiency of approximately 63%. The presence of silica in the melt brought a rise in the recorded cell voltage which implies a lowering of the electrolyte conductivity

Electrochemical production of Al–Mn alloys during the electrodeposition of aluminium in a laboratory cell

This study reports the direct production of an aluminium–manganese alloy during aluminium electrolysis in fluoride-based melts. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory cell dedicated for current efficiency measurements. The temperature was varied from 965–980 °C at a cathodic current density (CCD) of 0.9 A/cm2 and a cryolite ratio (CR) of 2.2. The manganese content was up to 3.0 wt%. Manganese was added in the form of Mn2O3. Bath samples were collected regularly and analyzed with ICP-MS to observe the decay of manganese during electrolysis. It was possible to produce Al-Mn alloys of up to 21 wt. % Mn. Current efficiency for the electrodeposition of Al–Mn alloy was estimated to be in the range of 93%. Current efficiencies with respect to aluminium were estimated. The solidified surfaces of the metal deposits were mostly flat, but some were deformed

Chemical Markers and Pharmacological Characters of <i>Pelargonium graveolens</i> Essential Oil from Palestine

Pelargonium graveolens leaves are widely used in traditional medicine for relieving some cardiovascular, dental, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disorders. They are also used as food and tea additives in Palestine and many other countries. Consequently, this investigation aimed to describe the chemical markers, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, metabolic, and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes inhibitory characteristics of P. graveolens essential oil (PGEO) from Palestine utilizing reference methods. There were 70 chemicals found in the GCMS analysis, and oxygenated terpenoids were the most abundant group of the total PGEO. Citronellol (24.44%), citronellyl formate (15.63%), γ-eudesmol (7.60%), and iso-menthone (7.66%) were the dominant chemical markers. The EO displayed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.88 ± 0.45 µg/mL) and weak lipase and α-amylase suppressant effects. Notably, the PGEO displayed high α-glucosidase inhibitory efficacy compared with Acarbose, with IC50 doses of 52.44 ± 0.29 and 37.15 ± 0.33 µg/mL, respectively. PGEO remarkably repressed the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), even more than Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin, and strongly inhibited Candida albicans compared with Fluconazole. The highest cytotoxic effect of the PGEO was noticed against MCF-7, followed by Hep3B and HeLa cancer cells, with IC50 doses of 32.71 ± 1.25, 40.71 ± 1.89, and 315.19 ± 20.5 µg/mL, respectively, compared with doxorubicin. Moreover, the screened EO demonstrated selective inhibitory activity against COX-1 (IC50 = 14.03 µg/mL). Additionally, PGEO showed a weak suppressant effect on COX-2 (IC50 = 275.97 µg/mL). The current research can be considered the most comprehensive investigation of the chemical and pharmacological characterization of the PGEO. The results obtained in this study demonstrate, without doubt, that this plant represents a rich source of bioactive substances that can be further investigated and authenticated for their medicinal potential