The effects of mindfulness-bases cognitive therapy: a qualitative approach

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is an 8-week group treatment program originally developed for the prevention of relapses in depression (Segal, Teasdale & Williams, 2003). In this article we present the qualitative aspects of an MBCT efficacy study in public Mental Health Units of Tenerife island (Canary Island, Spain) with anxious and depressive symptoms. Thirty-two participants in an MBCT efficacy study answered an open questionnaire at the end of the treatment and three months later. The text of their responses was analyzed using the content analysis technique. The results show that MBCT has a good level of acceptance, and that most of the patients noticed changes in their way of thinking, feeling and in their relations with others

Meditators’ Non-academic Definition of Mindfulness

Objectives Mindfulness has been defined differently in academic scientific contexts and in Buddhist academic contexts. An under-studied area is that of lay (non-academic) theories of mindfulness. The goal of this article is to identify, organize, analyze in detail, and provide themes from the meditators' definitions of mindfulness. Possible differences and similarities of the collected definitions of mindfulness with the scientific-academic definitions and with the academic-Buddhist definitions are also checked. Methods A qualitative and inductive thematic analysis on the definitions of mindfulness offered by the participants was carried out. Results The sample consisted of 326 meditators who offered a definition of mindfulness through an open question. Seven themes were identified: (1) mindfulness defined as attention/awareness; (2) mindfulness defined as a non-evaluative attitude; (3) mindfulness defined as strategy; (4) mindfulness defined from a theoretical analysis; (5) mindfulness defined as a psycho-affective-spiritual state; (6) mindfulness defined as personal development; and (7) lack of understanding of mindfulness. From these themes, it can be deduced that the definitions collected share more patterns of meaning with the scientific-academic definition of mindfulness than with the academic-Buddhist one. Conclusions The findings of this study provide new insights into the complexity and heterogeneity of the definition of mindfulness. What has been discovered may indicate the complexity of the mindfulness construct itself.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Open Access funding provided by EHU/UPV agreement with Springer Nature

Individual Differences in Dispositional Mindfulness Predict Attentional Networks and Vigilance Performance

Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Tao Coll-Martín, Fernando G. Luna, and Miguel A. Vadillo for the kind and helpful input provided during the development of this research project.Funding Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA. LC was supported by a doctoral fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434; fellowship code LCF/BQ/ DE18/11670002). AC was supported by CIBEROBN, an initiative of the ISCIII (ISC III CB06 03/0052) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) under AMABLE-VR (RTI2018-097835-A-I00). JL was supported by a research projects grant from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2017-84926-P; PID2020-114790 GB-I00). This paper is part of the doctoral dissertation of the first author under the supervision of the last author.Data Availability The data and R scripts used for analysis are provided at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/374rs/). The online version of the ANTI-Vea task is available for free use and in multiple languages at https://www. ugr. es/~neuro cog/ ANTI/.Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01850-6.Pretrial Registration Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/gb6c7Objectives Research addressing the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and objective attention performance remains inconclusive, partly because previous studies used sample sizes possibly leading to underpowered designs. Here, we examined this relationship in a large sample using the ANTI-Vea: a novel cognitive-behavioral task that simultaneously assesses the classic attentional networks—phasic alertness, orienting, executive control—and both the executive and arousal components of vigilance. Methods Two hundred nineteen meditation-naïve participants completed the study. Correlational analyses using Kendall’s Tau were performed between FFMQ scores and ANTI-Vea outcomes. Additional subsidiary correlations were performed between the FFMQ and two self-report measures assessing subjective attentional control and mind-wandering. Benjamini- Hochberg was applied to control de type I error rate. Internal consistency reliability indices were estimated for all measures used to aid the interpretation of the correlational results. Results Higher non-reactivity predicted overall faster reaction times and higher accuracy in attentional networks trials. Higher non-reactivity, as well as higher FFMQ total score, predicted faster reaction time and fewer lapses in arousal vigilance trials, the latter also being negatively associated with describe scores. The magnitude of the correlations ranged from τb = .103 to τb = .119. We found no association between FFMQ scores and executive control or executive vigilance. Conclusions Our results indicate that dispositional mindfulness is linked to improved global attentional and arousal vigilance performance, being non-reactivity to inner experience the key facet driving the association. The absence of association to executive processes is discussed based on the high cognitive demands of the ANTI-Vea task.Universidad de Granada/CBUA“La Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434; fellowship code LCF/BQ/ DE18/11670002)CIBEROBN, an initiative of the ISCIII (ISC III CB06 03/0052) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) under AMABLE-VR (RTI2018-097835-A-I00)Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2017-84926-P; PID2020-114790 GB-I00

Eficacia de la terapia cognitiva basada en la atención plena en el tratamiento de la ansiedad y la depresión.

RESUMEN La Terapia Cognitiva basada en la Atención Plena (TCAP) es un programa de entrenamiento de 8 semanas de duración, desarrollado por Z. Segal, M. Williams y J. Teasdale. El programa se desarrolló para evitar las recaídas en depresión en pacientes con depresiones recurrentes, a partir de la teoría cognitiva sobre la depresión desarrollada J. Teasdale (Teasdale et al, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004). La TCAP incorpora el exitoso programa para la reducción del estrés Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) desarrollado por Jon Kabbat-Zinn (Kabbat-Zinn 1990), al marco clásico de la terapia cognitiva de la depresión (conocimiento de la existencia de pensamientos disfuncionales en estados de ánimo disfórico, registro de pensamientos automáticos, práctica diaria, etc...). La Atención Plena se define como una habilidad, que puede entrenarse y que consiste en centrar la atención de un modo intencional: en un objeto, en el momento presente, y sin juzgar (Jon Kabat-Zinn, 1990). Los objetivos específicos que persigue este trabajo son comprobar la eficacia de la TCAP sobre una muestra con sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa en el contexto de Unidades de Salud mental de la isla de Tenerife. El número total de personas que han participado en estudio es de 85, de los cuales 45 participaron en el grupo de tratamiento y 40 en el grupo control. El grupo de tratamiento esta formado por las personas que acudieron 4 sesiones o más a un programa de Terapia Cognitiva basada en la Atención Plena en dos unidades de salud mental de la isla de Tenerife, y el grupo de control incluye a usuarios de las Unidades de salud mental que han recibido el tratamiento usual (relajación). Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que la TCAP es más eficaz que el tratamiento usual para la reducción de los síntomas depresivos, ansiosos, nivel de estrés y sensibilidad a la ansiedad. También se muestra más eficaz para la reducción de la percepción de la preocupación como peligrosa e incontrolable y la autoconciencia cognitiva, esta última, recordamos que mide un factor de auto-centrado negativo similar a la rumiación. Ha habido una reducción del porcentaje de sujetos con sintomatología ansiosa tras el tratamiento en TCAP. El tipo de ansiedad utilizada para discriminar entre grupos es cognitiva, la tendencia a preocuparse, que es la que está detrás de muchos trastornos de ansiedad. En el grupo de sujetos con sintomatología ansiosa, el tratamiento TCAP se muestra más eficaz que la intervención usual en la reducción de los niveles de estrés, en la reducción la tendencia a la preocupación, y en reducción de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad y la rumiación, además también hay una disminución de la percepción de la preocupación como peligrosa e incontrolable y de la autoconciencia cognitiva. A nivel cualitativo se pasaron unos entrevistas semiestructuradas que se analizaron mediante la técnica del análisis de contenido. El resultado es que la TCAP tiene buenos niveles de aceptación, y que la mayoría de participantes nota cambios en su forma de pensar, de sentir, y en su relación con los demás. __________________________________________________________________________________________________The mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is an 8 week duration training treatment, developed by Segal, Teasdale & Williams. The treatment was developed for the prevention of depression RECAIDA in patients with recurrent depression, from the cognitive theory of depression developed by J. Teasdale (Teasdale et al, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004). The MCBT incorporate a cognitive therapy component (automatic cognitions, self-registers, etc...) and depression psicoeducation to a previous program called MBSR (Kabat-Zinn, 1993). Mindfulness is defined as a skill that can be trained, is the experience of put the attention on purpose: in an object, in the present moment and without judge (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). The aim of this work is evaluate the efficacy of MBCT program in the reduction of anxiety and depression in a public mental health unit in the Canary Islands (Spain). The sample was 85 persons with anxiety and depression symptoms, 45 of the received the MBCT program ant the others TAU (Treatment as usual) which is relaxation training. The results shows that the MBCT in more effective than TAU in the reduction of depressive and anxiety symptoms, in the worry trait, rumination and metacognition. A qualitative assessment was also made showing the MBCT is accepted, and the patients report changes on cognitive, emotional and relational level

Eficacia de la terapia cognitiva basada en la atención plena en el tratamiento de la depresión

This is an outcome study of an 8 weeks Mindfuness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) program for patients with depressive symptoms in a public mental health setting. 69 subjects participated in the study: 38 of them received MBCT and 31 received treatment as usual in the public mental health units of the island of Tenerife. The MBCT program developed by Segal, Williams and Teasdale (2002) to prevent depression relapse was adapted to treat patients with depressive symptoms but not in an acute phase. Results showed that such an adaptation is viable and offers patients a useful tool to face depression

Efectos de la terapia cognitiva basada en la atención plena: una aproximación cualitativa

La Terapia Cognitiva basada en la Atención Plena (Segal, Williarns yTeasdale, 2002) es un tratamiento de ocho semanas de duración desarrollado inicialmente para la prevención de recaídas en depresión. En este artículo se presentan los aspectos cualitativos de la aplicación de un programa en TCAP en usuarios de dos Unidades de Salud Mental en la isla de Tenerife con sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. Un total 32 participantes que habían participado en un estudio de eficacia de la TCAP respondieron un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas al terminar el tratamiento y a los tres meses de finalizado éste. Estos textos se analizaron mediante la técnica del análisis de contenido. Muestran que la TCAP tiene buenos niveles de aceptación, y que la mayoría de participantes nota cambios en su forma de pensar, de sentir, y en su relación con los demás

Eating style, television viewing and snacking in pre-adolescent children

Introduction: Television viewing is considered to be a risk factor for overweight in children because of its association with reduced physical activity and increased calorie intake. Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine whether eating styles affect the relationship between television viewing (TV-viewing) and snacking. Method: In a sample of 962 pre-adolescents, selfreported television viewing and snacking were assessed in relation to dietary restraint, external eating and emotional eating, as measured with the child version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. With regression analyses we assessed the possible moderating role of emotional, external and restrained eating on the relation between TV-viewing and snacking. In all analyses we controlled for age, sex, BMI and the possible confounding effects of the other eating styles. Results: Emotional eating, and not dietary restraint or external eating, moderated the relationship between TVviewing and snacking. Conclusion: TV-viewing seems to be more strongly related to snacking in children with higher levels of emotional eating. TV-viewing may also be a risk factor for the development of emotional eating

The implementation of mindfulness in healthcare Systems: a theoretical analysis

Objective: Evidence regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) is increasing exponentially; however, there are still challenges to their integration in healthcare systems. Our goal is to provide a conceptual framework that addresses these challenges in order to bring about scholarly dialog and support healthmanagers and practitioners with the implementation of MBIs in healthcare. Method: This is an opinative narrative review based on theoretical and empirical data that address key issues in the implementation ofmindfulness in healthcare systems, such as the training of professionals, funding and costs of interventions, cost effectiveness and innovative delivery models. Results: Weshowthat even in the United Kingdom,where mindfulness has a high level of implementation, there is a high variability in the access toMBIs. In addition,we discuss innovative approaches based on 'complex interventions,' 'stepped-care' and 'low intensity-high volume' concepts that may prove fruitful in the development and implementation of MBIs in national healthcare systems, particularly in Primary Care. Conclusion: In order to better understand barriers and opportunities for mindfulness implementation in healthcare systems, it is necessary to be aware that MBIs are 'complex interventions,' which require innovative approaches and delivery models to implement these interventions in a cost-effective and accessible way

Mindfulness estado, habilidades mindfulness y auto-compasión en el aprendizaje de mindfulness: un estudio piloto

La investigación en mindfulness ha mostrado como esta habilidad, así como su entrenamiento, están relacionadas con bienestar psicológico. Paralelamente, han aparecido instrumentos para medir mindfulness sobre todo a nivel de rasgo. No obstante, mindfulness medido como estado no ha sido objeto de tanta investigación. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la relación entre mindfulness estado (me), mindfulness rasgo (mr ), auto-compasión (ac) y las reacciones al aprendizaje de mindfulness. Una muestra de 18 profesionales participaron en un taller de formación en mindfulness, donde el eje central era la práctica a través de dos ejercicios esenciales: atención a la respiración (3 minutos) y el escáner corporal (body scan). Al inicio, los participantes contestaron los siguientes cuestionarios: escala me (Mindfulness State Scale), cuestionario de mr (Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire) y escala de auto-compasión. Después de cada ejercicio, respondieron la escala me y el cuestionario de la experiencia mindfulness. Los resultados muestran como me está relacionado con mr , así como con auto-compasión. Por otro lado, está relacionado con las reacciones a la práctica, y aumenta conforme avanza el aprendizaje. En conclusión, el estudio de me y su medida puede aportar información muy útil sobre la experiencia de una persona en la práctica de mindfulness, así como en su aprendizaje

El papel del mindfulness y el descentramiento en la sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa

Los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos tienen un claro impacto en el funcionamiento de las personas. Su aparición parece tener relación con la presencia de déficits en las capacidades metacognitivas. El entrenamiento en atención plena aumenta el insight metacognitivo a través de la capacidad de descentramiento. Por ello el objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar la relación entre la atención plena y el descentramiento con la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva respectivamente. La muestra de este estudio está compuesta por 465 participantes y el contacto con ella se estableció a través de universidades y redes sociales. Los resultados revelaron que tanto la atención plena como la capacidad de descentramiento explican la presencia de sintomatología depresiva mientras que sólo la atención plena explica la presencia de sintomatología ansiosa. Estos resultados son alentadores para la intervención en atención plena con sintomatología ansiosa y/o depresiva y se¿nalan la importancia de procesos metacognitivos, como el descentramiento, en su desarroll