EFFECT OF ANCHOVY (STOLEPHORUS SP.) APPLICATION ON RAT ENAMEL MICROHARDNESS AND APATITE CRYSTAL SIZE: AN IN-VIVO STUDY

ABSTRACTObjectives: The study aimed to investigate the in-vivo effect on the enamel microhardness, apatite crystal changes, and fluorapatite formation afterapplying acidic anchovy solution on rat teeth.Methods: A total of 16 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups including the untreated baseline group, demineralized distilled water(control) group, positive control (sodium fluoride) group, and anchovy treatment group. Anchovies were heated, powdered, and diluted withdemineralized water to a 5% solution. The test and control solutions were applied to rat mandibular incisors twice daily for 7 days. After exposure, theteeth were subjected to microhardness testing, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis to examine enamelsurface and fluoride retention, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on fluorapatite formation and changes in apatite crystal size.Results: Anchovy treated specimens showed increase in enamel microhardness to 390±29 Vickers hardness number, decrease in apatite crystal sizeto 19.14±1.24 nm, higher fluoride retention on enamel (5.88±0.32%), reduction of crystal size, and increase in fluoride retention correlated withincrease of enamel surface microhardness. Fluorapatite formation was demonstrated by the increased peaks at 2θ=32.67° and 33.87° in XRD analysis.Conclusion: In-vivo application of anchovy solution on rat enamel surface increased enamel surface microhardness and promoted fluorapatiteformation. The applied anchovy solution appears to show a clear beneficial effect as a topical fluoride agent.Keywords: Caries, Apatite, Anchovy, Calcium fluoride, Fluorapatite

POLYMORPHISM OF OSTEOPROTEGERIN GENE IN INDONESIAN MEN WITH PERIODONTITIS

Objective: This work aimed to clarify the association of the severity of periodontitis and polymorphism in osteoprotegerin (OPG) (T950C) inIndonesian men.Methods: For DNA extraction, blood serum samples were used from 100 consenting Indonesian males for whom also the status of periodontitis hadbeen classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were applied toevaluate OPG (T950C) polymorphism, using Hind II restriction enzyme and electrophoresis on agarose gel to separate the indicative fragments.Results: The genotype distribution of the OPG (T950C) polymorphism had an appearance of an increasing percentage of TT genotype (allele T) withincreasing severitPeriodontitisy of periodontitis. The CC genotype was relatively rare (1%) in the tested Indonesian male population.Conclusions: The results show no significant association between the severity of periodontitis and polymorphism of OPG (T950C) in Indonesian men

Pengaruh Pasta Gigi mengandung Xylitol terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans Serotipe E (In Vitro)

Streptococcus mutans serotype E is a major bacterium causing caries, and widely present in dental plaque. Dentifrices containing xylitol have been shown to inhibit the growth of these mutans streptococci. The aim of the study was to identify the influence of dentifrice containing xylitol on S. mutans serotype E (in vitro). The 1:1 solution of dentifrice containing xylitol was diluted to the test concentrations of 100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, and 0.001%, in addition to positive and negative control groups. These solutions were examined in S. mutans serotype E test cultures by the diffusion method. The resulting inhibition zone was 2.16 mm at a concentration of 10%, and 3.0 mm at a concentration of 100%. Zero zone size was found at all other test concentrations, and a significant (Spearman) negative correlation was indicated between the concentration of dentifrice and the growth of mutans streptococci (p<0.05). The MIC was not been identified, but MBC was 10%. In conclusion, the dentifrice containing xylitol can significantly inhibit the growth of S. mutans serotype E at least at dentrifice concentrations of 5-10%.DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v15i1.7

Multiscale modelling of ceramic nanoparticle interactions and their influence on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids

There is currently a lack of a reliable theory capable of making accurate predictions of the thermal enhancement in nanofluids (with relatively low solid volume fractions). The work described therefore assesses the thermal conductivity of nanoparticle suspensions in fluids using a Lagrangian particle tracking-based computational modelling technique. A 3D, multiphase fluid-solid model is developed which predicts the motion of suspended nanoparticles. The nanofluid is predicted using an Eulerian-Lagrangian hybrid approach with a constant timestep. This technique takes various multiscale forces into consideration in the calculations, whose characteristic scales are quite different, providing for the first time an analysis of all factors affecting the stability and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The system considered consists of 71 nm diameter Al2O3 ceramic nanoparticles suspended in water, with homogeneous temperature distributions ranging from 25 °C to 85 °C, at various volume fractions between 1% and 5%. The results of the simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented technique, with predictions elucidating the role of Brownian motion, fluid viscous drag, inter-particle collisions and DLVO attraction and repulsion forces on nanofluid stability. Results indicate that aggregated nanoparticles formed in the suspensions, at various particle concentrations, play an important role in the thermal behaviour of the nanofluids. Predictions are in agreement with theoretical and experimental results obtained in related studies. The thermal characteristics of nanofluids are also considered as a function of temperature, system chemistry and time (measured from an initially homogeneously dispersed state). The proven enhancement in the conductivity of fluids affected by the addition of nanoparticles has great potential to assist the development of commercial nanofluid technology aimed at energy efficient and sustainable processes

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Efek Genotoksisitas pada Bahan Dental Adhesif

The use of dental adhesive materials in dental practice everyday has raised questions about the biological effects on tissues. Adhesive system has attracted considerable research interest in recent years, dental adhesive will succeed depends on the chemical adhesive, on the appropriate clinical management of materials and the knowledge of morphological changes in dental tissue caused by different bonding procedures. Some studies suggest that the dental adhesive material Genotoxicity have any effect on the network. Genotoxic effects may significantly reduce the potential for tissue repair or cause the development of neoplasia in the long term. &nbsp