Relationship Between Knowledge Management and Job Satisfaction Among University Librarians of the Punjab, Pakistan

With the development of knowledge as economy, knowledge become the asset for the organizations. In this context, it is very essential organizational strategy to cop up with environmental changes. order to survive and compete effectively in the global environment. Research purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between knowledge management and job satisfaction among the university librarians of the Punjab, Pakistan. For data collection process survey research method was used. On the basis of literature review, a questionnaire was designed for data collection. The analyzed data showed a good relationship of the research main constructs between satisfaction of librarians’ jobs and different aspects of knowledge management. It was evaluated that there was a good relation of knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing with job satisfaction. There is positive impact of knowledge management process on an organization and help improve efficiency and effectiveness. Beside this, job satisfaction is a important aspect for organizational success. It plays a significant role in achieving the organizational goals. The study concluded that both job satisfaction and KM draw a significant task in increasing the services availability, efficiency, effectiveness, productivity and performance of the professionals. Academic libraries and other organizations can use the findings of this study to improve their practices. This might help to increase innovation, productivity, opportunity and competitive advantages

PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH TERHADAP USAHA KECIL (Studi Kasus Pada BMT Saka Madani Bantul Yogyakarta)

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh dan seberapa besar pengaruh pembiayaan musyarakah terhadap usaha kecil nasabah BMT Saka Madani. Obyek penelitiannya yaitu nasabah yang menggunakan pembiayaan musyarakah di BMT Saka Madani sebanyak 45 responden. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji deskriptif, uji validitas dan reliabilitas yang digunakan dalam instrumen penelitian, serta pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji-T(Persial) dan uji R (Identifikasi Determinasi). Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas dapat dinyatakan semua butir kuesioner adalah valid, karena pengujian validitas menunjukkan r hitung > r tabel dan pada tingkat signifikan < 0,05. Berdasarkan uji reliabilitas dapat dinyatakan semua butir kuesioner adalah reliabel, karena pengujian reliabilitas Cronbach‟s Alpha > 0,60. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji t diperoleh variabel Pembiayaan musyarakah (X) berpengaruh positif terhadap usaha kecil (Y), karena t hitung (5,276) lebih besar dari pada t tabel (1,681) dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Berdasarkan nilai uji R Square (R 2 2 ) adalah sebesar 0,393 hal ini berarti usaha kecil (variabel dependen) dijelaskan oleh variabel independen (pembiayaan musyarakah) sebesar 39,3% dan sisanya sebesar 60,7% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Pembiayaan Musyarakah dan Usaha Kecil

PENENTUAN KONSENTRASI RADIONUKLIDA 137Cs DALAM SUSU SAPI DI NAGARI SUNGAI KAMUYANG SUMATERA BARAT

Telah dilakukan penentuan konsentrasi radionuklida 137Cs pada susu sapi di Nagari Sungai Kamuyang, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi radionuklida buatan 137Cs pada susu sapi yang ditinjau berdasarkan PERMENKES RI No. 1031 tahun 2011, serta menentukan konsentrasi radionuklida buatan 137Cs pada rumput dan tanah yang ditinjau berdasarkan PERKA BAPETEN No. 16 tahun 2012. Sampel yang diukur terdiri dari sampel susu sapi sebanyak 3 liter, rumput sebanyak 2 kg, dan tanah pada kedalaman 0-15 cm sebanyak 2 kg. Penelitian diawali dengan preparasi sampel, kemudian diukur selama 17 jam menggunakan spektrometer gamma yang sudah dikalibrasi. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa radionuklida 137Cs hanya terdeteksi pada sampel tanah dengan konsentrasi radionuklida 137Cs senilai 0,42 ± 0,19 Bq/kg. Konsentrasi radionuklida 137Cs pada sampel tanah dan rumput berada di bawah batas maksimum yang ditetapkan PERKA BAPETEN No. 16 tahun 2012 untuk 137Cs pada material terkontaminasi, yaitu 100 Bq/kg. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi radionuklida 137Cs dalam susu sapi di Nagari Sungai Kamuyang berada di bawah batas maksimum konsentrasi 137Cs dalam susu yang diperbolehkan berdasarkan PERMENKES RI No. 1031 tahun 2011, yaitu 150 Bq/kg

Penentuan Konsentrasi Radionuklida 137Cs dalam Susu Sapi di Nagari Sungai Kamuyang Sumatera Barat

Telah dilakukan penentuan konsentrasi radionuklida 137Cs pada susu sapi di Nagari Sungai Kamuyang, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi radionuklida buatan 137Cs pada susu sapi yang ditinjau berdasarkan PERMENKES RI No. 1031 tahun 2011, serta menentukan  konsentrasi radionuklida buatan 137Cs pada rumput dan tanah yang ditinjau berdasarkan PERKA BAPETEN No. 16 tahun 2012. Sampel yang diukur terdiri dari sampel susu sapi sebanyak 3 liter, rumput sebanyak 2 kg, dan tanah pada kedalaman 0-15 cm sebanyak 2 kg. Penelitian diawali dengan preparasi sampel, kemudian diukur selama 17 jam menggunakan spektrometer gamma yang sudah dikalibrasi. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa radionuklida 137Cs hanya terdeteksi pada sampel tanah dengan konsentrasi 0,42 ± 0,19 Bq/kg. Konsentrasi radionuklida 137Cs pada sampel tanah dan rumput berada di bawah batas maksimum yang ditetapkan PERKA BAPETEN No. 16 tahun 2012 sedangkan jika ditinjau berdasarkan PERMENKES RI No. 1031 tahun 2011 maka hasil pengukuran konsentrasi radionuklida 137Cs dalam susu sapi di Nagari Sungai Kamuyang berada di bawah batas maksimum konsentrasi 137Cs

Bibliometric Mapping of the Mathematics Role in Daily Life

This study aims to analyze the bibliometric mapping the mathematics' role in everyday life. This study uses a qualitative method by comparing the information obtained from a Google Scholer search. This method is entirely based on the hunt for journal articles developed through bibliometric analysis. Data was collected using Publish or Perish (PoP) and visualized using VOSviewer. In this study, researchers obtained metadata from as many as 995 articles of applied mathematics in everyday life published on April 15, 2022, using a database of 1000 articles from 1926 to 2022. The results and discussion of the bibliometric analysis that has been carried out show that this research topic is still possible. Other researchers for the next period because the data that has been analyzed is still categorized as feasible, and there are still few studies related to bibliometric mapping of the role of mathematics in everyday life. Then suggestions for further research if researchers are interested in choosing a research topic on bibliometric mapping of the role of mathematics in everyday life, namely by connecting various other activities in society and combining it with the progress that developed during the research period so that the data obtained is always up-to-date to evaluate the effectiveness of mathematics in daily lif

Prevalence and determinants of Asthma in adults in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease that is caused by biological and environmental factors. These factors can be in the form of dust, chemicals, smoke, allergens, and viruses. Approximately, 315 million people are affected with asthma worldwide. This study is designed to determine the prevalence of asthma in adults of different ages and its symptoms and main determinants in the Mardan and Peshawar districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar and Bacha Khan Medical Complex Mardan from May 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected from 1,400 individuals, and the prevalence of asthma was reported to be 22.57% (n=316). Asthma prevalence was reported to be more in men (55.7%) compared to women (44.3%) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Asthma was most common between people aged 18-27 years (31%). The majority of asthma patients were obese (53.8%) compared to non-obese (46.2%) patients. The most common symptoms of asthma were respiratory infections including the common cold, flu and pneumonia (89.87%), followed by chest pain, dyspnea (88.6%) and wheezing (83.54%). %). Risk factors for asthma include allergens exposure to dust mites, pollen, animal dander and cold air, family history of the disease, smoking, consumption of food containing sulphites and preservatives and use of certain medications including beta-blockers and aspirin in the KPK province of Pakistan. The government should conduct awareness campaigns in various cities, where proper lung function tests and other drugs using corticosteroids should be used to control the spread of the disease.  

Isolation and characterization of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella Gallinarum in chicken and antibiogram of the isolates

Salmonella isolates should be distinguished as it may assist in tracing the source of an outbreak and monitoring trends in antimicrobial resistance associated with a particular type. The specific detection of these Salmonella serotypes is therefore extremely important in order to attribute an isolate to a previously known epidemic outbreak. The present investigation was to isolate and identify S. Gallinarum, to study variation in the profile of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and to determine in vitro antibiogram of S. Gallinarum in poultry. A total of 228 faecal samples and 22 visceral samples suspected for Salmonellosis were collected, of these 15 samples (6.0%) were found positive for S. Gallinarum. In the present study, rfbS gene sequence was helpful in the serotype-specific detection of S. Gallinarum giving a 187 bp product. Salmonella Gallinarum crude protein extracts determined by SDSPAGE showed migration of OMPs as several bands at approximate moleculer weights of appx. 45 kDa, 55 kDa, 64 kDa, 65 kDa, 74 kDa, 110 kDa, 120 kDa, 135 kDa, 150 kDa,155 kDa, 200 kDa and above 200 kDa. The study indicated a definite variation in the profile of OMPs of various Salmonella Gallinarum strains with major OMPs in the range of appx 80-100 kDa which could be the target for vaccine production. All the isolates tested against 14 antimicrobial agents showed variable susceptibility pattern with highest resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin and sulphadiazine and sensitivity to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and enrofloxacin

Prevalence, serodiversity and antibiogram of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in diarrhoeic calves and lambs of Kashmir valley (J&K), India

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is the major cause of diarrhoea in neonatal animals. This study determined the prevalence, serological diversity, virulence gene profile and in-vitro antibiogram of ETEC isolates from diarrhoeic faeces of calves and lambs. The prevalence rate of ETEC in lambs was recorded 18.46 % with O8 as predominant serotype. However, in calves the prevalence rate was recorded 8.57 % with O15 and O26 as predominant serotypes. The antibiogram screening showed differential susceptibility pattern among ETEC isolates with highest resistance to ampicillin and highest sensitivity to enrofloxacin. In the present study, for the first time it was reported that the diarrhoea in calves and lambs occur due to virulent gene est not due to elt gene, which was absent in all the isolates

Methionine biosynthesis and transport are functionally redundant for the growth and virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium

Methionine (Met) is an amino acid essential for many important cellular and biosynthetic functions, including the initiation of protein synthesis and S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation of proteins, RNA, and DNA. The de novo biosynthetic pathway of Met is well conserved across prokaryotes but absent from vertebrates, making it a plausible antimicrobial target. Using a systematic approach, we examined the essentiality of de novo methionine biosynthesis in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, a bacterial pathogen causing significant gastrointestinal and systemic diseases in humans and agricultural animals. Our data demonstrate that Met biosynthesis is essential for S. Typhimurium to grow in synthetic medium and within cultured epithelial cells where Met is depleted in the environment. During systemic infection of mice, the virulence of S. Typhimurium was not affected when either de novo Met biosynthesis or high-affinity Met transport was disrupted alone, but combined disruption in both led to severe in vivo growth attenuation, demonstrating a functional redundancy between de novo biosynthesis and acquisition as a mechanism of sourcing Met to support growth and virulence for S. Typhimurium during infection. In addition, our LC-MS analysis revealed global changes in the metabolome of S. Typhimurium mutants lacking Met biosynthesis and also uncovered unexpected interactions between Met and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Together, this study highlights the complexity of the interactions between a single amino acid, Met, and other bacterial processes leading to virulence in the host and indicates that disrupting the de novo biosynthetic pathway alone is likely to be ineffective as an antimicrobial therapy against S. Typhimurium

Methionine biosynthesis, transport and metabolism in Salmonella Typhimurium

© 2017 Dr. Asma Ul HusnaSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common cause of, gastroenteritis, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in S. Typhimurium has, like many other pathogens, increased, highlighting the need for new drug targets. Salmonella, like most other prokaryotes, is capable of de novo methionine biosynthesis, a process which is absent from higher eukaryotes. The general aim of this study is to investigate the role of methionine biosynthesis, transport, recycling and salvage in the virulence of S. Typhimurium strain SL1344 to identify novel, potential antibiotic targets. A collection of single knockouts was generated in: i) the de novo methionine biosynthesis pathway; ii) the high-affinity transporter for methionine; and iii) downstream pathways that use methionine, including the activated methyl cycle and the incomplete methionine salvage pathway in Salmonella. A series of systematic analyses was carried out for each mutant to assess the biochemical requirement for methionine and its downstream utilisation in the growth and virulence of Salmonella under conditions that mimic different nutritional environments. Firstly, the mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and confirmed by PCR and whole genome sequencing. Secondly, the mutants were tested for their ability to grow in M9 minimal media and were validated. Thirdly, the mutants were examined to determine their capacity to grow intracellularly in HeLa cells which provided the indication on whether a pathway/biochemical step is required for growth within the host cell. Finally, the mutants were tested for virulence during either local and/or systemic Salmonella infection, hence establishing the role of the pathway/biochemical step in pathogenesis. All the de novo methionine biosynthetic mutants were not able to grow in M9 minimal media without methionine. However, none of the mutants unable to synthesise methionine, were attenuated for intracellular replication in HeLa cells, or in mice. These results indicate that de novo methionine biosynthesis is not required for the pathogenesis of S. Typhimurium; hence the enzymes in the methionine biosynthesis pathway are unlikely to make suitable targets for antimicrobial therapy against S. Typhimurium infection. An alternative to methionine biosynthesis in S. Typhimurium is the import of methionine from the environment via at least two mechanisms, the high-affinity transporter encoded by metNIQ, and a cryptic low-affinity transporter. The high-affinity transporter mutant was also found not be attenuated in HeLa cells, nor in mice. Only mutants that were deficient in both de novo methionine biosynthesis and high-affinity transporter were attenuated, indicating a functional redundancy between biosynthesis and transport as the source of methionine for the growth and virulence of S. Typhimurium in vitro and in vivo. The importance of methionine metabolism to S. Typhimurium virulence was also investigated. In this study, S. Typhimurium mutants blocked in enzymatic functions in the downstream of methionine, including activated methyl cycle, spermidine biosynthesis and incomplete salvage pathway, were analysed for their role in the growth and virulence of Salmonella in M9 minimal media, HeLa cells and mice. With the exception of the Δpfs mutant, all the mutants were capable of growing in M9 minimal media and HeLa cells, and were virulent in mice. This indicates that the methionine recycling through the activated methyl cycle, and spermidine synthesis, are not required for S. Typhimurium virulence. However, the deletion in the multi-substrate enzyme Pfs led to severely attenuated S. Typhimurium for intracellular replication in HeLa cells. The Δpfs mutant was also found to be significantly attenuated in wild-type BL/6 mice. It was hypothesised that the accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine is inhibitory to SAM-dependent methyltransferases. The heterologous expression of SahH from Legionella pneumophila in S. Typhimurium Δpfs mutant led to the removal of S-adenosylhomocysteine and restored growth and virulence both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that Pfs is essential for S. Typhimurium growth and virulence. In IFN-γ-/- mice that are highly susceptible to Salmonella, infection with the Δpfs mutant led to accelerated lethality compared to the aro- vaccine strain, indicating the requirement of Pfs during in vivo infection largely depends on the efficacy of host immunity. Further investigation of host responses to infection with the Δpfs mutant may reveal the specific conditions under which Pfs can be used as a potential target for antibiotic treatment against S. Typhimurium