Estudio preliminar sobre el efecto del ultrasonido en las propiedades fisicoquímicas del vino tinto

Ultrasound is regarded as a potential alternative method for improving the quality of some wines. This study was initiated with the objective of evaluating the effects of ultrasound on some important physicochemical properties of red wine such as chromatic characteristics (CC), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), total phenolic compounds (TPCs) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (DFRSA). The operational parameters assessed were ultrasound power, ultrasound frequency, exposure time and bath temperature. Results illustrated that there were significant changes in CC, EC and TPC while pH and TA hardly changed except for samples treated at high temperatures. DFRSA was correlated to TPC during ultrasonic treatment. Application of principal component analysis to the experimental data suggested that exposure time was the factor with the greatest ability to induce changes on wine. Results suggested that ultrasound may be applied to improve some physicochemical properties of red wine.El ultrasonido se considera uno de los métodos alternativos potenciales para mejorar la calidad de algunos vinos. Se comenzó este estudio con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos del ultrasonido en algunas de la propiedades fisicoquímicas importantes del vino tinto como son: las características cromáticas (CC), la conductividad eléctrica (EC), el pH, la acidez (TA), los compuestos fenólicos totales (TPC) y el DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil) de actividad de eliminación de radicales libres (DFRSA). Los parámetros operacionales examinados fueron: la potencia de ultrasonido, la frecuencia de ultrasonido, el tiempo de exposición y la temperatura de baño. Los resultados ilustraron la existencia de cambios significativos en CC, EC y TPC, mientras que el pH y TA prácticamente no cambiaron excepto en las muestras tratadas con altas temperaturas. DFRSA tuvo correlación con TPC durante el tratamiento con ultrasonido. La aplicación de análisis de componentes principales a los datos experimentales sugirió que el tiempo de exposición era el factor con mayor habilidad para inducir cambios en el vino. Los resultados sugirieron que el ultrasonido podría aplicarse para mejorar algunas de las propiedades fisicoquímicas del vino tinto.National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 31101324]Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China [No. 2015JM3097]Technology Transfer Promotion Project of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China [No.CXY1434(5)]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [Nos. GK201302039, GK201404006

Chapter Modern Orthopaedic Implant Coatings — Their Pro’s, Con’s and Evaluation Methods

Environmental monitorin

High-Temperature-Induced Defects in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Anther and Pollen Development Are Associated with Reduced Expression of B-Class Floral Patterning Genes

Citation: Muller, F., Xu, J. M., Kristensen, L., Wolters-Arts, M., de Groot, P. F. M., Jansma, S. Y., . . . Rieu, I. (2016). High-Temperature-Induced Defects in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Anther and Pollen Development Are Associated with Reduced Expression of B-Class Floral Patterning Genes. Plos One, 11(12), 14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167614Sexual reproduction is a critical process in the life-cycle of plants and very sensitive to environmental perturbations. To better understand the effect of high temperature on plant reproduction, we cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in continuous mild heat. Under this condition we observed a simultaneous reduction in pollen viability and appearance of anthers with pistil-like structures, while in a more thermotolerant genotype, both traits were improved. Ectopic expression of two pistil-specific genes, TRANSMITTING TISSUE SPECIFIC and TOMATO AGAMOUS LIKE11, in the anthers confirmed that the anthers had gained partial pistil identity. Concomitantly, expression of the B-class genes TOMATO APETALA3, TOMATO MADS BOX GENE6 (TM6) and LePISTILLATA was reduced in anthers under continuous mild heat. Plants in which TM6 was partially silenced reacted hypersensitively to temperature elevation with regard to the frequency of pistilloid anthers, pollen viability and pollen quantity. Taken together, these results suggest that high-temperature induced down-regulation of tomato B-class genes contributes to anther deformations and reduced male fertility. Improving our understanding of how temperature perturbs the molecular mechanisms of anther and pollen development will be important in the view of maintaining agricultural output under current climate changes

Clinical Studies into the Causes of Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: Sleep Apnoea and Macular Telangiectasia: The SAMTel Project

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in a population with Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel) and how OSA impacts on MacTel progression. Methods: In this case-control study participants completed a questionnaire which incorporated the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and questions regarding anthropometric data and medical history. A subset was sequentially selected to undertake overnight sleep analysis using the ResMed ApneaLink™. Using data acquired from the Busselton Population and Medical Research Foundation participants were case-matched based on age, sex and body mass index (BMI) along with, where possible, the presence of hypertension and diabetes. Results: There were 57 (30 ApneaLink) MacTel and 183 controls, respectively. There was no difference in self-reported sleep disordered breathing outcomes between the cohorts using the BQ (p=0.95). Analysis of key indices from ApneaLink recordings found that those with an Apnoea – Hypopnoea Index (AHI) and Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) > 5 episodes per hour had a more advanced stage of MacTel (AHI p = 0.05, ODI p = 0.03). 2 year MacTel disease progression rates were unremarkable. Conclusion: Patients with MacTel have a high prevalence of OSA which appears to result in a more advanced form of the disease

A Finite Representation of the Narrowing Space

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14125-1_4Narrowing basically extends rewriting by allowing free variables in terms and by replacing matching with unification. As a consequence, the search space of narrowing becomes usually infinite, as in logic programming. In this paper, we introduce the use of some operators that allow one to always produce a finite data structure that still represents all the narrowing derivations. Furthermore, we extract from this data structure a novel, compact equational representation of the (possibly infinite) answers computed by narrowing for a given initial term. Both the finite data structure and the equational representation of the computed answers might be useful in a number of areas, like program comprehension, static analysis, program transformation, etc.Nishida, N.; Vidal, G. (2013). A Finite Representation of the Narrowing Space. En Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation. Springer. 54-71. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14125-1_4S5471Albert, E., Vidal, G.: The Narrowing-Driven Approach to Functional Logic Program Specialization. New Generation Computing 20(1), 3–26 (2002)Alpuente, M., Falaschi, M., Vidal, G.: Partial Evaluation of Functional Logic Programs. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 20(4), 768–844 (1998)Alpuente, M., Falaschi, M., Vidal, G.: Compositional Analysis for Equational Horn Programs. In: Rodríguez-Artalejo, M., Levi, G. (eds.) ALP 1994. LNCS, vol. 850, pp. 77–94. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)Antoy, S., Ariola, Z.: Narrowing the Narrowing Space. In: Hartel, P.H., Kuchen, H. (eds.) PLILP 1997. LNCS, vol. 1292, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)Arts, T., Giesl, J.: Termination of term rewriting using dependency pairs. Theoretical Computer Science 236(1–2), 133–178 (2000)Arts, T., Zantema, H.: Termination of Logic Programs Using Semantic Unification. In: Proietti, M. (ed.) LOPSTR 1995. LNCS, vol. 1048, pp. 219–233. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)Baader, F., Nipkow, T.: Term Rewriting and All That. Cambridge University Press (1998)Bae, K., Escobar, S., Meseguer, J.: Abstract Logical Model Checking of Infinite-State Systems Using Narrowing. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications. LIPIcs, vol. 21, pp. 81–96. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)De Schreye, D., Glück, R., Jørgensen, J., Leuschel, M., Martens, B., Sørensen, M.: Conjunctive partial deduction: foundations, control, algorihtms, and experiments. Journal of Logic Programming 41(2&3), 231–277 (1999)Escobar, S., Meadows, C., Meseguer, J.: A rewriting-based inference system for the NRL Protocol Analyzer and its meta-logical properties. Theoretical Computer Science 367(1–2), 162–202 (2006)Escobar, S., Meseguer, J.: Symbolic Model Checking of Infinite-State Systems Using Narrowing. In: Baader, F. (ed.) RTA 2007. LNCS, vol. 4533, pp. 153–168. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)Fribourg, L.: SLOG: A Logic Programming Language Interpreter Based on Clausal Superposition and Rewriting. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Logic Programming, pp. 172–185. IEEE Press (1985)Gnaedig, I., Kirchner, H.: Proving weak properties of rewriting. Theoretical Computer Science 412(34), 4405–4438 (2011)Hanus, M.: The integration of functions into logic programming: From theory to practice. Journal of Logic Programming 19&20, 583–628 (1994)Hanus, M. (ed.): Curry: An integrated functional logic language (vers. 0.8.3) (2012). http://www.curry-language.orgHermenegildo, M., Rossi, F.: On the Correctness and Efficiency of Independent And-Parallelism in Logic Programs. In: Lusk, E., Overbeck, R. (eds.) Proceedings of the 1989 North American Conf. on Logic Programming, pp. 369–389. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1989)Hölldobler, S. (ed.): Foundations of Equational Logic Programming. LNCS, vol. 353. Springer, Heidelberg (1989)Meseguer, J., Thati, P.: Symbolic Reachability Analysis Using Narrowing and its Application to Verification of Cryptographic Protocols. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 117, 153–182 (2005)Middeldorp, A., Okui, S.: A Deterministic Lazy Narrowing Calculus. Journal of Symbolic Computation 25(6), 733–757 (1998)Nishida, N., Sakai, M., Sakabe, T.: Generation of Inverse Computation Programs of Constructor Term Rewriting Systems. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems J88–D–I(8), 1171–1183 (2005) (in Japanese)Nishida, N., Sakai, M., Sakabe, T.: Partial Inversion of Constructor Term Rewriting Systems. In: Giesl, J. (ed.) RTA 2005. LNCS, vol. 3467, pp. 264–278. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)Nishida, N., Vidal, G.: Program inversion for tail recursive functions. In: Schmidt-Schauß, M. (ed.) Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications. LIPIcs, vol. 10, pp. 283–298. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2011)Nishida, N., Vidal, G.: Computing More Specific Versions of Conditional Rewriting Systems. In: Albert, E. (ed.) LOPSTR 2012. LNCS, vol. 7844, pp. 137–154. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Nutt, W., Réty, P., Smolka, G.: Basic Narrowing Revisited. Journal of Symbolic Computation 7(3/4), 295–317 (1989)Ohlebusch, E.: Advanced Topics in Term Rewriting. Springer, London, UK (2002)Palamidessi, C.: Algebraic Properties of Idempotent Substitutions. In: Paterson, M. (ed.) ICALP 1990. LNCS, vol. 443, pp. 386–399. Springer, Heidelberg (1990)Ramos, J.G., Silva, J., Vidal, G.: Fast Narrowing-Driven Partial Evaluation for Inductively Sequential Systems. In: Danvy, O., Pierce, B.C. (eds.) Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming, pp. 228–239. ACM Press (2005)Slagle, J.R.: Automated theorem-proving for theories with simplifiers, commutativity and associativity. Journal of the ACM 21(4), 622–642 (1974

The risk of lung cancer related to dietary intake of flavonoids

It has been hypothesized that flavonoids in foods and beverages may reduce cancer risk through antioxidation, inhibition of inflammation, and other antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties. We examined associations between intake of five flavonoid subclasses (anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavones, flavonols, flavanones) and lung cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada (1,061 cases and 1,425 controls). Flavonoid intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire that assessed diet two years prior to diagnosis (cases) or interview (controls). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Overall, total flavonoid intake was not associated with lung cancer risk, the effect being similar regardless of sex and smoking level. However, low flavonoid intake from food, but not from beverages, was associated with an increased risk. The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) comparing the highest versus the lowest quartiles of intake were 0.63 (0.47-0.85) for total flavonoids, 0.82 (0.61-1.11) for anthocyanidins, 0.67 (0.50-0.90) for flavan-3-ols, 0.68 (0.50-0.93) for flavones, 0.62 (0.45-0.84) for flavonols, and 0.70 (0.53-0.94) for flavanones. An inverse association with total flavone and flavanone intake was observed for squamous cell carcinoma but not adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, low flavonoid intake from food may increase lung cancer risk

Inclusive growth in English cities: mainstreamed or sidelined?

<p>The concept of inclusive growth is increasingly presented as offering prospects for more equitable social outcomes. However, inclusive growth is subject to a variety of interpretations and lacks definitional clarity. In England, via devolution, cities are taking on new powers for policy domains that can influence inclusive growth outcomes. This opens up opportunities for innovation to address central issues of low pay and poverty. This paper examines the extent to which inclusive growth concerns form a central or peripheral aspect in this new devolution through the content analysis of devolution agreements. It concludes that inclusive growth concerns appear to be largely sidelined.</p

Studies of Physicochemical and Some Heavy Metals in Soil and Lake Sediments

The present work attempts to establish the distribution of Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Boron and molybdenum and physic-chemical properties of the soil and lake sediments in Bijapur district. The area under study receives domestic raw sewage from surrounding populated neighborhoods through rain water, main tributary of the lake. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil are compared with many guidelines to predict status of pollution. KEYWORDS: Heavy Metals, Lake sediments, Pollution, Soil Samples, etc INTRODUCTION In many developing countries, the expansion of urban centers is of considerable importance for socio-economic growth and this continuously modifies the physical, chemical and biological composition of our living environment MATERIAL AND METHODS Data collection and analysis-10 soil samples (three replicates) were collected at surface level (0-10 cm in depth) were collected from various locations. The collected samples were air dried and sieved into course and fine fractions. Well mixed samples of 2 g each were taken in 250 mL glass beakers and digested with 8 mL of aqua regia on a sand bath for 2 hour

Particle Mobility Analysis Using Deep Learning and the Moment Scaling Spectrum

Quantitative analysis of dynamic processes in living cells using time-lapse microscopy requires not only accurate tracking of every particle in the images, but also reliable extraction of biologically relevant parameters from the resulting traject