85 research outputs found
Envisioning surprises: How social sciences could help models represent âdeep uncertaintyâ in future energy and water demand
Economie des matériaux lithiques en Corse pré- et protohistorique : dynamiques d'exploitations, circulation et diffusion de la rhyolite
The exchanges and mobilities of pre- and protohistoric peoples in the western Mediterranean have been studied for many years, particularly between Corsica, Sardinia, and continental Italy, notably through the analysis of flint and obsidian artefacts. However, the circulation of human groups and raw materials within Corsica itself has been little studied, even though rhyolite, a local volcanic rock, was exploited and spread throughout the island from the beginning of the Neolithic. This raw material has been the focus of few provenance studies to date, and most essentially used macroscopic methods of analysis.In order to make this type of study more efficient, we have developed an analytical methodology based on the geochemistry of rhyolites, similar to what has existed for many years for obsidian. We have started the construction of a geochemical database for Corsican rhyolites. Our analysis protocol allows us to study the artefacts non-destructively and to determine the origin of the materials used by the Neolithic communities, sometimes with great geographical precision. The results obtained also allow easier comparisons of rhyolite supplies at different sites and thus highlight the specificities of each occupation and the links that may have existed between them.The construction of a repository approaching exhaustiveness is a long-term process and will have to be pursued in the future. We have studied five lithic assemblages, which has enabled us to highlight the high mobility of the Early Neolithic communities, the links that certain groups had with the mountain area, as well as the existence of coastal diffusion networks. However, this corpus of sites will have to be increased in order to obtain data comparable with those existing for obsidian and flint, which will allow us to carry out real network studies that will contribute to our knowledge of pre- and protohistoric societies in Corsica.Les Ă©changes et les mobilitĂ©s des populations prĂ©- et protohistoriques en MĂ©diterranĂ©e occidentale sont Ă©tudiĂ©s depuis de nombreuses annĂ©es, notamment entre la Corse, la Sardaigne et lâItalie continentale, en particulier grĂące Ă lâanalyse des artefacts en silex et en obsidienne. La circulation des groupes humains et des matiĂšres premiĂšres au sein de la Corse a cependant Ă©tĂ© peu Ă©tudiĂ©e alors quâune roche volcanique, la rhyolite, a Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©e et diffusĂ©e sur lâensemble de lâĂźle dĂšs le dĂ©but du NĂ©olithique. Ce matĂ©riau a fait lâobjet de peu dâĂ©tudes de provenance jusquâĂ aujourdâhui, utilisant des mĂ©thodes dâanalyses essentiellement macroscopiques.Afin de rendre ce type dâĂ©tude plus efficace, nous avons donc dĂ©veloppĂ© une mĂ©thodologie analytique basĂ©e sur la gĂ©ochimie des rhyolites, Ă lâimage de ce qui existe depuis de nombreuses annĂ©es pour les obsidiennes. Nous avons dĂ©butĂ© la construction dâun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel gĂ©ochimique des rhyolites corses. Notre protocole dâanalyse nous permet dâĂ©tudier les artefacts de maniĂšre non destructive et de dĂ©finir la provenance des matĂ©riaux utilisĂ©s par les populations nĂ©olithiques, avec parfois une grande prĂ©cision gĂ©ographique. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus permettent Ă©galement de comparer plus aisĂ©ment les approvisionnements en rhyolite de diffĂ©rents sites et donc de mettre en Ă©vidence les spĂ©cificitĂ©s de chaque occupation et les liens qui ont pu exister entre les sites.La construction dâun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel sâapprochant de lâexhaustivitĂ© sâinscrit sur le temps long et devra se poursuivre pendant de nombreuses annĂ©es. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© cinq sĂ©ries lithiques, ce qui nous a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence la grande mobilitĂ© des populations du NĂ©olithique ancien, les liens quâentretiennent certains groupes avec lâespace montagnard ou lâexistence de rĂ©seaux de diffusion cĂŽtiers. Cependant, ce corpus de sites devra ĂȘtre augmentĂ© pour obtenir des donnĂ©es comparables avec celles existant pour lâobsidienne et le silex ce qui permettra dâeffectuer de vĂ©ritables Ă©tudes de rĂ©seaux qui viendront nourrir notre connaissance des sociĂ©tĂ©s prĂ©- et protohistoriques de Corse
The economy of lithic materials in Corsica during pre- and protohistorical periods : exploitation dynamics, provenance and circulation of rhyolite
Les Ă©changes et les mobilitĂ©s des populations prĂ©- et protohistoriques en MĂ©diterranĂ©e occidentale sont Ă©tudiĂ©s depuis de nombreuses annĂ©es, notamment entre la Corse, la Sardaigne et lâItalie continentale, en particulier grĂące Ă lâanalyse des artefacts en silex et en obsidienne. La circulation des groupes humains et des matiĂšres premiĂšres au sein de la Corse a cependant Ă©tĂ© peu Ă©tudiĂ©e alors quâune roche volcanique, la rhyolite, a Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©e et diffusĂ©e sur lâensemble de lâĂźle dĂšs le dĂ©but du NĂ©olithique. Ce matĂ©riau a fait lâobjet de peu dâĂ©tudes de provenance jusquâĂ aujourdâhui, utilisant des mĂ©thodes dâanalyses essentiellement macroscopiques.Afin de rendre ce type dâĂ©tude plus efficace, nous avons donc dĂ©veloppĂ© une mĂ©thodologie analytique basĂ©e sur la gĂ©ochimie des rhyolites, Ă lâimage de ce qui existe depuis de nombreuses annĂ©es pour les obsidiennes. Nous avons dĂ©butĂ© la construction dâun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel gĂ©ochimique des rhyolites corses. Notre protocole dâanalyse nous permet dâĂ©tudier les artefacts de maniĂšre non destructive et de dĂ©finir la provenance des matĂ©riaux utilisĂ©s par les populations nĂ©olithiques, avec parfois une grande prĂ©cision gĂ©ographique. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus permettent Ă©galement de comparer plus aisĂ©ment les approvisionnements en rhyolite de diffĂ©rents sites et donc de mettre en Ă©vidence les spĂ©cificitĂ©s de chaque occupation et les liens qui ont pu exister entre les sites.La construction dâun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel sâapprochant de lâexhaustivitĂ© sâinscrit sur le temps long et devra se poursuivre pendant de nombreuses annĂ©es. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© cinq sĂ©ries lithiques, ce qui nous a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence la grande mobilitĂ© des populations du NĂ©olithique ancien, les liens quâentretiennent certains groupes avec lâespace montagnard ou lâexistence de rĂ©seaux de diffusion cĂŽtiers. Cependant, ce corpus de sites devra ĂȘtre augmentĂ© pour obtenir des donnĂ©es comparables avec celles existant pour lâobsidienne et le silex ce qui permettra dâeffectuer de vĂ©ritables Ă©tudes de rĂ©seaux qui viendront nourrir notre connaissance des sociĂ©tĂ©s prĂ©- et protohistoriques de Corse.The exchanges and mobilities of pre- and protohistoric peoples in the western Mediterranean have been studied for many years, particularly between Corsica, Sardinia, and continental Italy, notably through the analysis of flint and obsidian artefacts. However, the circulation of human groups and raw materials within Corsica itself has been little studied, even though rhyolite, a local volcanic rock, was exploited and spread throughout the island from the beginning of the Neolithic. This raw material has been the focus of few provenance studies to date, and most essentially used macroscopic methods of analysis.In order to make this type of study more efficient, we have developed an analytical methodology based on the geochemistry of rhyolites, similar to what has existed for many years for obsidian. We have started the construction of a geochemical database for Corsican rhyolites. Our analysis protocol allows us to study the artefacts non-destructively and to determine the origin of the materials used by the Neolithic communities, sometimes with great geographical precision. The results obtained also allow easier comparisons of rhyolite supplies at different sites and thus highlight the specificities of each occupation and the links that may have existed between them.The construction of a repository approaching exhaustiveness is a long-term process and will have to be pursued in the future. We have studied five lithic assemblages, which has enabled us to highlight the high mobility of the Early Neolithic communities, the links that certain groups had with the mountain area, as well as the existence of coastal diffusion networks. However, this corpus of sites will have to be increased in order to obtain data comparable with those existing for obsidian and flint, which will allow us to carry out real network studies that will contribute to our knowledge of pre- and protohistoric societies in Corsica
Following people by following rocks: intra-island exchanges and mobility in pre- and protohistoric Corsica
International audienceDuring pre- and protohistory, the first inhabitants of Corsica imported many lithic materials to make their tools, in particular obsidian and flint from Sardinia, two materials of good quality but absent from the Corsican landscape. These exogenous rocks have been at the heart of most of the typotechnological and provenance studies carried out on the lithic series unearthed in Corsica, highlighting the existence of long-distance diffusion networks. Endogenous rocks have also been used, notably rhyolite, a fine-grained siliceous volcanic rock widely distributed in Corsica, but they have received much less attention, notably due to a lack of methodological tools. Indeed, provenance studies of flint and obsidian have been carried out for several decades in many places in the world and multiple methodological developments have already been realized, which has not been the case for rhyolites. However, this material seems to have circulated at different levels within the island, from local to regional, and is thus potentially a carrier of information on mobility, exchange networks or territoriality, inaccessible from the study of exogenous materials.After setting up an effective and non-destructive analytical protocol to determine the origin of Corsican rhyolites, mostly based on EDXRF method, we analysed several archaeological series, from the Early Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age. Our results are still preliminary, and we will require analysis of other sites to obtain a more detailed view. However, these studies already allow us to get a first glimpse of unsuspected intra-island diffusion networks, to shed light on the relationships between coastal and mountain sites and to inform us of the ways in which these peoples used their environment
La gĂ©ochimie, un nouvel outil pour retracer lâorigine des rhyolites en Corse prĂ©historique
National audienc
Following people by following rocks: intra-island exchanges and mobility in pre- and protohistoric Corsica
International audienceDuring pre- and protohistory, the first inhabitants of Corsica imported many lithic materials to make their tools, in particular obsidian and flint from Sardinia, two materials of good quality but absent from the Corsican landscape. These exogenous rocks have been at the heart of most of the typotechnological and provenance studies carried out on the lithic series unearthed in Corsica, highlighting the existence of long-distance diffusion networks. Endogenous rocks have also been used, notably rhyolite, a fine-grained siliceous volcanic rock widely distributed in Corsica, but they have received much less attention, notably due to a lack of methodological tools. Indeed, provenance studies of flint and obsidian have been carried out for several decades in many places in the world and multiple methodological developments have already been realized, which has not been the case for rhyolites. However, this material seems to have circulated at different levels within the island, from local to regional, and is thus potentially a carrier of information on mobility, exchange networks or territoriality, inaccessible from the study of exogenous materials.After setting up an effective and non-destructive analytical protocol to determine the origin of Corsican rhyolites, mostly based on EDXRF method, we analysed several archaeological series, from the Early Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age. Our results are still preliminary, and we will require analysis of other sites to obtain a more detailed view. However, these studies already allow us to get a first glimpse of unsuspected intra-island diffusion networks, to shed light on the relationships between coastal and mountain sites and to inform us of the ways in which these peoples used their environment
Référentiel géochimique des rhyolites corses : méthodologie analytique et recherches de terrain
International audienc
Référentiel géochimique des rhyolites corses : méthodologie analytique et recherches de terrain
International audienc
Circulations, mobilités et échanges intra-ßle en Corse pré- et protohistorique, les roches locales comme traceurs
International audienc
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