Utvikling av ny insektfelle for jordbærsnutebillen

Mange bær, frukt- og grønnsaksfelt kan bli påført betydelig skade av ulike insekter. For å hindre slike skader benyttes det i konvensjonelle produksjonssystemer betydelige mengder insekticider. Imidlertid er det bekymringsfullt hvilke negative virkninger slike stoffer kan ha på miljøet og folkehelsa. Derfor vil kontrollstrategier ved bruk av insektfeller være mer bærekraftig. Fellene som blir benyttet til å fange jordbærsnutebiller ser ut til å ha en begrenset effekt. Dette prosjektet har derfor som mål å utvikle en mer effektiv insektfelle for å utvikle ny strategi i kontroll av denne skadegjøreren. Anatomisk viser jordbærsnutebillen seg å være lik andre biller med å ha klør og børstehår på beina for å få feste til underlaget. Ved testing av ni ulike plasttyper klarte jordbærsnutebillen å gripe seg fast til de ulike materialene. Imidlertid var festet dårligere til noen av de mest glatte typene. Det ble registret flere fangete biller i de nyutviklede fellene enn den gamle typen i første halvdel av feltstudiet. I den andre halvdelen ble det registrert flere biller i de gamle fellene. Dette kan bero på bytte av person for inspeksjon midt i feltstudiet. De nye fellene var svarte og det kunne by på utfordringer å observere små, mørke biller som fløt langs kanten i bunnen av fellene. Ytterligere utviklingsarbeid og testing må gjennomføres for å skape en mer effektiv insektfelle slik at bedre strategier kan utvikles for å kontrollere jordbærsnutebillen

Utvikling av ny insektfelle for jordbærsnutebillen

Mange bær, frukt- og grønnsaksfelt kan bli påført betydelig skade av ulike insekter. For å hindre slike skader benyttes det i konvensjonelle produksjonssystemer betydelige mengder insekticider. Imidlertid er det bekymringsfullt hvilke negative virkninger slike stoffer kan ha på miljøet og folkehelsa. Derfor vil kontrollstrategier ved bruk av insektfeller være mer bærekraftig. Fellene som blir benyttet til å fange jordbærsnutebiller ser ut til å ha en begrenset effekt. Dette prosjektet har derfor som mål å utvikle en mer effektiv insektfelle for å utvikle ny strategi i kontroll av denne skadegjøreren. Anatomisk viser jordbærsnutebillen seg å være lik andre biller med å ha klør og børstehår på beina for å få feste til underlaget. Ved testing av ni ulike plasttyper klarte jordbærsnutebillen å gripe seg fast til de ulike materialene. Imidlertid var festet dårligere til noen av de mest glatte typene. Det ble registret flere fangete biller i de nyutviklede fellene enn den gamle typen i første halvdel av feltstudiet. I den andre halvdelen ble det registrert flere biller i de gamle fellene. Dette kan bero på bytte av person for inspeksjon midt i feltstudiet. De nye fellene var svarte og det kunne by på utfordringer å observere små, mørke biller som fløt langs kanten i bunnen av fellene. Ytterligere utviklingsarbeid og testing må gjennomføres for å skape en mer effektiv insektfelle slik at bedre strategier kan utvikles for å kontrollere jordbærsnutebillen

Evolution and risk factors of anal incontinence during the first 6 years after first delivery: a prospective cohort study

Complicated vaginal delivery, age and bowel emptying problems increase the risk of long-term anal incontinence.publishedVersio

EURECCA colorectal: multidisciplinary mission statement on better care for patients with colon and rectal cancer in Europe

Background: Care for patients with colon and rectal cancer has improved in the last twenty years however still considerable variation exists in cancer management and outcome between European countries. Therefore, EURECCA, which is the acronym of European Registration of cancer care, is aiming at defining core treatment strategies and developing a European audit structure in order to improve the quality of care for all patients with colon and rectal cancer. In December 2012 the first multidisciplinary consensus conference about colon and rectum was held looking for multidisciplinary consensus. The expert panel consisted of representatives of European scientific organisations involved in cancer care of patients with colon and rectal cancer and representatives of national colorectal registries. Methods: The expert panel had delegates of the European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO), European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO), European Society of Pathology (ESP), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), European Society of Radiology (ESR), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP), European CanCer Organisation (ECCO), European Oncology Nursing Society (EONS) and the European Colorectal Cancer Patient Organisation (EuropaColon), as well as delegates from national registries or audits. Experts commented and voted on the two web-based online voting rounds before the meeting (between 4th and 25th October and between the 20th November and 3rd December 2012) as well as one online round after the meeting (4th-20th March 2013) and were invited to lecture on the subjects during the meeting (13th-15th December 2012). The sentences in the consensus document were available during the meeting and a televoting round during the conference by all participants was performed. All sentences that were voted on are available on the EURECCA website www.canceraudit.eu. The consensus document was divided in sections describing evidence based algorithms of diagnostics, pathology, surgery, medical oncology, radiotherapy, and follow-up where applicable for treatment of colon cancer, rectal cancer and stage IV separately. Consensus was achieved using the Delphi method. Results: The total number of the voted sentences was 465. All chapters were voted on by at least 75% of the experts. Of the 465 sentences, 84% achieved large consensus, 6% achieved moderate consensus, and 7% resulted in minimum consensus. Only 3% was disagreed by more than 50% of the members. Conclusions: It is feasible to achieve European Consensus on key diagnostic and treatment issues using the Delphi method. This consensus embodies the expertise of professionals from all disciplines involved in the care for patients with colon and rectal cancer. Diagnostic and treatment algorithms were developed to implement the current evidence and to define core treatment guidance for multidisciplinary team management of colon and rectal cancer throughout Europe

Rectal cancer treatment in Norway - standardisation of surgery and quality assurance

The main purpose of the present work was to evaluate the efforts taken by the Norwegian surgical community in order to promote and enhance the standards of rectal cancer treatment on a national level, in particular: - to examine the outcome of rectal cancer surgery following implementation of total mesorectal excision as the standard rectal resection technique - to explore the prognostic impact of the circumferential resection margin on local recurrence, distant metastases and overall survival following mesorectal excision - to evaluate the oncological outcomes following mesorectal excision of cancer of the lower rectum, particularly the rates of local recurrence and overall survival for patients with tumours in this areas - to illustrate the influence of a rectal cancer registry as a quality control instrument on outcome of rectal treatment, and furthermore, to investigate the rates of postoperative mortality, anastomic leakage, local recurrence (LR) and overall survival related to hospital caseload among Norwegian hospitals during implementation of mesorectal excision

Colorectal cancer patients’ experiences with supervised exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy—A qualitative study

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer worldwide, with increasing numbers surviving and living with long-term side effects from treatment. Physical exercise during or after treatment may have several beneficial effects, but knowledge of CRC patients’ reflections on exercising during adjuvant therapy is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of CRC patients participating in a supervised exercise program during adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods This study included CRC patients participating in two intervention studies with individually tailored and supervised combinations of endurance, resistance, and balance exercises during adjuvant chemotherapy. Semi-structured interviews performed at the beginning, during, and immediately after the intervention period from 15 participants were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Four main themes identified were “structuring life with cancer,” “motivation to exercise,” “training experiences,” and “effects of exercise.” Scheduled appointments gave structure to daily life and served as an external motivational factor. The individual adjustments of exercise gave a sense of security and helped improving adherence, especially when feeling depressed or fatigued. Common expectations were improvement of endurance and strength and counteracting negative effects of chemotherapy. Experienced positive effects from exercising, both mentally and physically, contributed to inner motivation and inspired continued exercising after the study period. Conclusion This study offers important insights into CRC patients’ experiences of participating in a physical exercise program during adjuvant chemotherapy. Based on our findings, we recommend supervised and individually tailored physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy to this patient group