De la Etica como filosofía primera a la filosofía de la subjetividad en E. Levinas.

Sin resume

Important findings and recommendations on chemical use in aquaculture in Southeast Asia

Under the program of Fisheries Consultative Group of the ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) - SEAFDEC (Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center) Strategic Partnership Mechanism, a research project entitled “Food Safety of Aquaculture Products in Southeast Asia” was implemented by SEAFDEC/AQD (Aquaculture Department of SEAFDEC) from 2010 to 2014 with the financial support of the Government of Japan Trust Fund V (GOJ-TF5). The objectives of the project were to 1) contribute to the establishment of guidelines on the production of safe aquaculture products; 2) determine the presence and levels of commonly used chemicals in aquaculture in aquaculture products; 3) compile and disseminate SEAFDEC guidelines on the use of antibiotics and chemicals in aquaculture; and 4) implement training course/workshop to promote food safety awareness in the ASEAN region. Along with the said objectives, research activities, particularly focusing both on withdrawal periods of antibiotics often used in aquaculture and on surveillance of chemical contaminants in aquaculture products and feeds, were implemented (in 2010-2014). In addition, knowledge and technologies on food safety of aquaculture products were disseminated to local and national government staff, practitioners, stakeholders, etc. through an international seminar (in January 2011) and an international training course (in November 2013). Furthermore, AQD organized The International Workshop on Food Safety of Aquaculture Products in the Southeast Asia – Challenges in Sustaining the Food Safety of Aquaculture Products in May 2013 to promote and influence the regional initiatives in securing wholesome and safe aquaculture commodities in the ASEAN region. The publication of this volume consolidates the activities of the project which AQD has pursued during the period of the GOJ-TF5. Although the title of this volume does not include the word “guideline,” this volume surely includes and refers to the ASEAN guidelines recently published with the title of Guidelines for the Use of Chemicals in Aquaculture and Measures to Eliminate the Use of Harmful Chemicals courtesy of the ASEAN secretariat based on the understanding of the collaboration between ASEAN-SEAFDEC, as well as the basic and new findings of AQD scientists accomplished through the research activities, which were not covered by the ASEAN guidelines. Although the food safety of aquaculture products would be strictly required in the ASEAN region in the future, this volume will make a great contribution to the requirement

Survey of antibiotic and pesticide residues in aquaculture products in the Philippines

A survey in the Philippines in the early and mid-1990s (Lacierda et al.,2008) revealed that more than 100 chemicals and biological products are used in aquaculture production starting from pond preparation until harvest including chemicals for disease prevention and control. The survey comprises groups of chemicals and some are namely, soil and water conditioners, fertilizers, pesticides, probiotics and feed additives. A probable increase in the usage (volume) and number of chemicals throughout the years could be inferred since world aquaculture production and the number of species for culture also increased (Tacon & Metian, 2008). For health reasons of consumers and the safety regulations imposed by importing countries on aquaculture products, there is a pressing need to survey the chemicals used in aquaculture at present. In line with the promotion of food safety awareness in the region with regards to fish, the objective of this survey was to determine levels of commonly used antibiotics and pesticides in aquaculture that maybe present in aquaculture products such as fish and shrimps

Withdrawal periods of antibiotics, oxytetracycline, and oxolinic acid, in fish species cultured in the tropics

Food safety is one of the major concerns of products derived from aquaculture. Farm inputs, e.g. drugs and agrochemicals, introduced whether intentionally or unintentionally during culture, may contaminate and remain in the product and become a hazard to the consumers. Chemical hazards in aquaculture products, among them drugs used for the chemotherapy of bacterial infection in fish and other cultured aquatic animals present a negative impact in aquaculture. Fish farmers often result to this treatment in order to save their cultured stock when threatened with infection, although a general conception nowadays is the discouragement of its use, being considered only as the “last recourse.” Drugs, specifically antibiotics, have a long history of successful use in aquaculture (Alderman, 1980)

Aportacions al coneixement arqueològic de Flix. Resultats de les prospeccions sistemàtiques al nord del Meandre

Presentem en aquest article els resultats de les intervencions arqueològiques de prospecció i excavació realitzades al terme municipal de Flix (Ribera d'Ebre) durant part dels mesos d'abril i setembre de 2015. La documentació de diverses àrees i punts d'expectativa arqueològica durant la primera intervenció va propiciar una segona actuació en tres àrees d'àmbits diferenciats amb l'objectiu de contrastar les dades recollides i les hipòtesis plantejades anteriorment.We report in this article the results of the archaeological survey and excavation carried out in the municipality of Flix (Ribera d'Ebre) during part of April and September 2015. The documenting of several archaeological expectancy spots and areas during the survey led to a second operation carried out in three locations of different characteristics in order to test the reliability of the data collected and the hypotheses previously stated

The ultracool dwarf DENIS-P J104814.7-395606. Chromospheres and coronae at the low-mass end of the main-sequence

We have obtained an XMM-Newton observation and a broad-band spectrum from the ultraviolet to the near infrared with X-Shooter for one of the nearest M9 dwarfs, DENIS-P J1048-3956 (4pc). We integrate these data by a compilation of activity parameters for ultracool dwarfs from the literature with the aim to advance our understanding of these objects by comparing them to early-M type dwarf stars and the Sun. Our deep XMM-Newton observation has led to the first X-ray detection of DENIS-P J1048-3956 (log Lx = 25.1) as well as the first measurement of its V band brightness (V = 17.35mag). Flux-flux relations between X-ray and chromospheric activity indicators are here for the first time extended into the regime of the ultracool dwarfs. The approximate agreement of DENIS-P J1048-3956 and other ultracool dwarfs with flux-flux relations for early-M dwarfs suggests that the same heating mechanisms work in the atmospheres of ultracool dwarfs, albeit weaker as judged from their lower fluxes. The observed Balmer decrements of DENIS-P J1048-3956 are compatible with optically thick plasma in LTE at low, nearly photospheric temperature or optically thin LTE plasma at 20000K. Describing the decrements with CaseB recombination requires different emitting regions for Halpha and the higher Balmer lines. The high observed Halpha/Hbeta flux ratio is also poorly fitted by the optically thin models. We derive a similarly high value for the Halpha/Hbeta ratio of vB10 and LHS2065 and conclude that this may be a characteristic of ultracool dwarfs. We add DENIS-P J1048-3956 to the list of ultracool dwarfs detected in both the radio and the X-ray band. The Benz-Guedel relation between radio and X-ray luminosity of late-type stars is well-known to be violated by ultracool dwarfs. We speculate on the presence of two types of ultracool dwarfs with distinct radio and X-ray behavior.Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Supplements of carbohydrates long during exercise: Effects on the electrolytes and glucose

Objetivo: Identificar si la forma de presentación de los suplementos de carbohidratos (SC) influye en la respuesta de la concentración plasmática de electrólitos y glucosa durante un ejercicio de larga duración. Doce hombres realizaron cuatro pruebas de 90 min en cicloergometro (55-60%VO2máx), seguidas por 6 km a máxima velocidad, consumiendo SC en diferentes presentaciones (líquido, gel o sólido) y un día únicamente consumían agua. Se analizaron las concentraciones de sodio, potasio y glucosa en sangre antes del ejercicio, cada 30 minutos de prueba, y tras los 6 km. No hubo diferencia significativa en la respuesta de los electrolitos durante todo estudio. Hubo diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en la glucosa cuando se consumieron SC independientemente de su presentación frente al consumo exclusivo de agua. Se concluye que la forma de presentación de los SC no influye en la concentración de glucosa en sangre durante el ejercicio de larga duraciónObjective: To identify if the format of carbohydrate supplements (CS) influence the response of the plasmatic concentration of electrolytes and glucose during long duration exercise. Twelve men performed four tests of 90 min on a cycle ergometer (55-60% VO2max), followed by 6 km at maximum speed, consuming CS in different forms (liquid, gel or solid) and one day just consuming water. It was analyzed the concentrations of sodium, potassium and blood glucose before exercise, every 30 minutes of test, and after 6 km. There was no significant difference in the response of electrolytes during the study. However, the glucose showed significant differences (p <0.05) when it was consumed CS regardless of their form, whenever just water was consumed. In this way is possible to conclude, that the format of the SC does not affect the blood glucose concentration during long duration exercis

S02-3 Physical activity policies and good practices in Europe

Background The establishment of the EU physical activity (PA) guidelines and the HEPA monitoring framework has had an impact on policy development and implementation across the region from 2015. This works presents results from the third round of monitoring in 2021 and discusses trends since 2015. Methods A questionnaire was distributed in 2021 to all EU Member States of the WHO European Region through the network of PA Focal Points, who were requested to collect data from national colleagues and complete the questionnaire. All EU Member States (27 in 2021) responded to the survey on the implementation of the 23 indicators of the HEPA monitoring framework. Results The results of the 2021 round of data collection on HEPA indicators showed an overall stabilization of the implementation of PA promotion policies. Besides important increases in several indicators, such as indicators 15 (HEPA in the training of physical education teachers), 20 (Schemes to promote physical activity at the workplace) and 21 (Schemes for community interventions to promote physical activity in older adults), many others decreased and others showed no progress. Most national physical activity policies or action plans were multi-sectoral, with good coverage of the sectors recognized as important for HEPA promotion. While some methodological aspects may have affected the results, this round also reflected policy implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2021). COVID-19 has had a significant impact on all sectors of society but especially on health, sports, education and mobility, which are major areas for PA promotion and policy implementation. Conclusions There seems to be an overall stabilization of the implementation of PA promotion policies since 2015. Public health experts and decision makers could utilise the increase in public awareness of the health benefits of physical activity kindled by the COVID-19 crisis to implement new health-promoting policies. Policy design, development and implementation of HEPA promotion must be strengthened for post-COVID-19 social and economic recovery