Aplicación web para la adquisición colaborativa de conocimiento sobre Fitopatología Bacteriana

De forma tradicional, el proceso de adquisición de conocimiento se ha centrado en el ámbito individual. Para ello, un individuo utilizaba una serie de recursos, como libros o documentos, con el fin adquirir conocimiento. Tras la aparición de las nuevas tecnologías se hizo más énfasis en el uso de estas, pero como un recurso más y con la misma visión de individualidad [1]. En las últimas décadas gracias al desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) se está empezando a cambiar esta visión para dar a paso a entender la adquisición de conocimiento como un proceso colaborativo, donde un grupo de individuos interactúan para lograrlo. En esta nueva visión, las TIC juegan un papel fundamental, contemplándose como un soporte para el aprendizaje grupal y creación conjunta de conocimiento. En este trabajo de fin de grado se ha desarrollado una aplicación web que permite a usuarios con conocimiento en el campo de la Fitopatología Bacteriana contribuir a generar conocimiento. Dándose de alta en la aplicación los usuarios pueden contestar a preguntas que se encajan a unos perfiles que previamente han seleccionado. También se facilitan una serie de mecanismos a los administradores de la aplicación para poder cargar preguntas y posteriormente recuperar todas las respuestas de los usuarios para su posterior análisis y extracción de conocimiento. Adicionalmente, debido al gran incremento del uso de dispositivos móviles como teléfonos inteligentes o tablets, el diseño de la aplicación web ha de adaptarse a estos tamaños de pantalla.Traditionally, the knowledge acquisition process has focused on the individual field. To do this, an individual used a variety of resources, such as books or documents, in order to acquire knowledge. After the emergence of new technologies more emphasis is placed on their use of these, but as any other resource with the same vision and individuality [1]. In recent decades, thanks to the development of information technology and communication (ICT) this view is beginning to change to give way to understand the acquisition of knowledge as a collaborative process where a group of individuals interact to achieve knowledge. In this new vision, ICT plays a critical role, contemplating as a support for group learning and co-creation of knowledge. In this bachelor thesis I have developed a web application that allows users with knowledge in the field of Plant Pathology Bacterial contribute to generate knowledge. Signing up on the application, users can answer questions that are fitted to profiles which have previously selected. The application administrators have available a series of mechanisms to load questions and retrieve the user’s answers for an eventual analysis to generate Knowledge through an Ontology. Additionally, due to the large increase in the use of mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets, the design of the Web application has to adapt to different screen sizes.Grado en Ingeniería Informátic

Mobile Maintenance Management

The paper gives a short overview of the enabling tools and technology available to the maintenance engineer in manufacturing industry, in relation to the emergence of e-maintenance practices and the introduction of mobile computing devices. An analysis of the main characteristics of the e- maintenance concepts and the associated challenges is provided, highlighting the lack of use of condition-based maintenance strategies. The potential of using ubiquitous computing in industrial maintenance practice is then examined, followed by an original vision for the adoption of mobile maintenance management solutions, which can facilitate the implementation of condition-based- maintenance. This vision is supported today by the European Integrated Project DYNAMITE 017498 (Dynamic Decisions in Maintenance)

A European survey on capital goods manufacturers

New trends for capital goods manufacturers push towards selling the products usage or performance rather than the product itself. This evolution from traditional business models, based on the product sales, to new service-oriented business models (BMs), has received increasingly attention both in the academic and managerial community. Despite this, a limited application of service offerings has been observed in the capital goods sector. This article reports the results from a survey carried out during the T-REX project, funded by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme, and has two objectives: (a) to empirically investigate the way BMs of capital goods companies are configured and (b) to analyse the degree of service orientation of such BMs. Finally, the main challenges for practitioners emerged from the survey are discussed in this article, highlighting directions for future research

Context-Aware Policy Analysis for Distributed Usage Control

To boost data spaces and benefit from the great opportunities that they present, data sovereignty must be provided by Distributed Usage Control (DUC). Assuming that DUC will be managed by implementing and enforcing policies, notable efforts have already been undertaken in the context of Access Control (AC) regarding policy analysis due to the impact of low-quality policies on security. In this regard, this paper proposes that policy analysis in the DUC context should be understood as an extension of the AC, which is further affected by other challenging features, chief among which are context-aware control and extended control through action requirements. This paper presents a novel Context-Aware Policy Analysis (CAPA) algorithm for detecting inconsistencies and redundancies for DUC policies by supporting a large set of heterogeneous conditions. In this regard, the dependent relationship of conditions is formulated which will lead to more efficient conflict detection. By implementing this concept, a novel tree structure that combines a resource and a policy structure is presented to search for and compare relevant rules from policies. Built on the tree structure and through the formalization of rule conflicts, CAPA is developed and the security and performance it provides is tested in a wind energy use case.This research was partly supported by the project HODEI-X (KK-2021/00049), funded by SPRI-Basque Government through the ELKARTEK program

An artificial intelligence-based collaboration approach in industrial IoT manufacturing : key concepts, architectural extensions and potential applications

The digitization of manufacturing industry has led to leaner and more efficient production, under the Industry 4.0 concept. Nowadays, datasets collected from shop floor assets and information technology (IT) systems are used in data-driven analytics efforts to support more informed business intelligence decisions. However, these results are currently only used in isolated and dispersed parts of the production process. At the same time, full integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in all parts of manufacturing systems is currently lacking. In this context, the goal of this manuscript is to present a more holistic integration of AI by promoting collaboration. To this end, collaboration is understood as a multi-dimensional conceptual term that covers all important enablers for AI adoption in manufacturing contexts and is promoted in terms of business intelligence optimization, human-in-the-loop and secure federation across manufacturing sites. To address these challenges, the proposed architectural approach builds on three technical pillars: (1) components that extend the functionality of the existing layers in the Reference Architectural Model for Industry 4.0; (2) definition of new layers for collaboration by means of human-in-the-loop and federation; (3) security concerns with AI-powered mechanisms. In addition, system implementation aspects are discussed and potential applications in industrial environments, as well as business impacts, are presented

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Time series of freshwater macroinvertebrate abundances and site characteristics of European streams and rivers

Freshwater macroinvertebrates are a diverse group and play key ecological roles, including accelerating nutrient cycling, filtering water, controlling primary producers, and providing food for predators. Their differences in tolerances and short generation times manifest in rapid community responses to change. Macroinvertebrate community composition is an indicator of water quality. In Europe, efforts to improve water quality following environmental legislation, primarily starting in the 1980s, may have driven a recovery of macroinvertebrate communities. Towards understanding temporal and spatial variation of these organisms, we compiled the TREAM dataset (Time seRies of European freshwAter Macroinvertebrates), consisting of macroinvertebrate community time series from 1,816 river and stream sites (mean length of 19.2 years and 14.9 sampling years) of 22 European countries sampled between 1968 and 2020. In total, the data include >93 million sampled individuals of 2,648 taxa from 959 genera and 212 families. These data can be used to test questions ranging from identifying drivers of the population dynamics of specific taxa to assessing the success of legislative and management restoration efforts.Nathalie Kaffenberger aided in initial data compilation. Funding for authors, data collection and processing was provided by the EU Horizon 2020 project eLTER PLUS (grant agreement no. 871128), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; 033W034A), German Research Foundation (DFG FZT 118, 202548816), the Collaborative Research Centre 1439 RESIST (DFG—SFB 1439/1 2021 –426547801), Czech Republic project no. GA23-05268S, the Leibniz Competition (J45/2018, P74/2018), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the European Regional Development Fund (MECODISPER project CTM 2017-89295-P), Ramón y Cajal contracts and the project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-027446-I, RYC2020-029829-I, PID2020-115830GB-100), the Danish Environment Agency, the Norwegian Environment Agency, SOMINCOR – Lundin mining & FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant PP00P3_179089), the EU LIFE programme (DIVAQUA project - LIFE18 NAT/ES/000121), and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (GLiTRS project -NE/V006886/1 and NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme), the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (Italy), Estonian Research Council (grant No PRG1266), Estonian national program ‘Humanitarian and natural science collections’. The Environment Agency of England, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency and Natural Resources Wales provided publicly available data. The collection of data from the Rhône River in France was greatly aided by Marie-Claude Roger (INRAE Lyon), Jean-Claude Berger (INRAE AIX), and Pâquerette Dessaix (ARALEP). We are also grateful to the French Regional Environment Directorates (DREALs) for their collaboration in harmonising the long-term data series from the other French rivers. We thank the AWEL from the Canton of Zurich for providing access to macroinvertebrate data from the AWEL monitoring scheme. We acknowledge the Flanders Environment Agency, the Rhineland-Palatinate State Office for the Environment and the Bulgarian Executive Environment Agency for providing data. This manuscript is a contribution of the Alliance for Freshwater Life (www.allianceforfreshwaterlife.org). Any views expressed within this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their respective employer organisations.Peer reviewe

The recovery of European freshwater biodiversity has come to a halt

Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to biodiversity loss1. Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment and hydromorphological restoration, have aimed to improve environmental quality and foster the recovery of freshwater biodiversity2. Here, using 1,816 time series of freshwater invertebrate communities collected across 22 European countries between 1968 and 2020, we quantified temporal trends in taxonomic and functional diversity and their responses to environmental pressures and gradients. We observed overall increases in taxon richness (0.73% per year), functional richness (2.4% per year) and abundance (1.17% per year). However, these increases primarily occurred before the 2010s, and have since plateaued. Freshwater communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery. Communities at sites with faster rates of warming had fewer gains in taxon richness, functional richness and abundance. Although biodiversity gains in the 1990s and 2000s probably reflect the effectiveness of water-quality improvements and restoration projects, the decelerating trajectory in the 2010s suggests that the current measures offer diminishing returns. Given new and persistent pressures on freshwater ecosystems, including emerging pollutants, climate change and the spread of invasive species, we call for additional mitigation to revive the recovery of freshwater biodiversity.N. Kaffenberger helped with initial data compilation. Funding for authors and data collection and processing was provided by the EU Horizon 2020 project eLTER PLUS (grant agreement no. 871128); the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; 033W034A); the German Research Foundation (DFG FZT 118, 202548816); Czech Republic project no. P505-20-17305S; the Leibniz Competition (J45/2018, P74/2018); the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad—Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the European Regional Development Fund (MECODISPER project CTM 2017-89295-P); Ramón y Cajal contracts and the project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-027446-I, RYC2020-029829-I, PID2020-115830GB-100); the Danish Environment Agency; the Norwegian Environment Agency; SOMINCOR—Lundin mining & FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal; the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant PP00P3_179089); the EU LIFE programme (DIVAQUA project, LIFE18 NAT/ES/000121); the UK Natural Environment Research Council (GLiTRS project NE/V006886/1 and NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme); the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (Italy); and the Estonian Research Council (grant no. PRG1266), Estonian National Program ‘Humanitarian and natural science collections’. The Environment Agency of England, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency and Natural Resources Wales provided publicly available data. We acknowledge the members of the Flanders Environment Agency for providing data. This article is a contribution of the Alliance for Freshwater Life (www.allianceforfreshwaterlife.org).Peer reviewe