Primer registro del dinoflagelado <em>Neoceratium digitatum<em> (Schütt) Gómez, Moreira y López-García 2009 (Dinophyceae), en aguas del Caribe colombiano

For the first time, the presence of the species Neocerarium digitatum (Shütt) Gómez, Moreira y López-García 2009 (Family Ceratiaceae) is recorded from the Colombian Caribbean coast, collected in Punta Roca (Atlántico). The form of this species found has an epitheca in the shape of a spoon and bent backwards, the right horn is straight, short and thin and the left horn is thick and bent back. The species habitat deep waters of warm latitudes. It is considered rare in phytoplankton samples

Numerical and Experimental Analyses of Hybrid Composites Made from Amazonian Natural Fibers

The application of lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcements in composite materials has found increasing use in recent years, due to the attractive characteristics of natural fibers such as their low cost, high specific modulus, biodegradability, abundance and with many technical qualities. Natural fiber hybrid composites are very frequently used in automotive aerospace and other industries. In this work, numerical and experimental analysis is carried out to compare curauá, jute and sisal fibers in epoxy composites for use in industry. The most appropriate hybridization effect by establishing the amounts of each fiber on the mechanical properties was considered. Finite Element Models were designed and validated through mechanical tests. The number of Finite Element models and specimens performed was determined through the design of experiments using the Taguchi Method and then the results were statistically validated. Higher strength was obtained in composites made with curauá fiber, followed by jute and sisal fibers. Such behavior was achieved by FEM and experimental tests, revealing an increase in tensile strength by increasing the amount of fibers up to 35% in total. Higher strength was achieved when the composite was made with curauá (20 wt.%), jute (10 wt.%) and sisal (5 wt.%) fibers. The results show a good agreement between the FEM and the experimental tests. Furthermore, the results of the present study were compared with those obtained previously mentioned in the open literature

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Primer registro del dinoflagelado <em>Neoceratium digitatum<em> (Schütt) Gómez, Moreira y López-García 2009 (Dinophyceae), en aguas del Caribe colombiano

Se registra por primera vez la presencia de la especie Neocerarium digitatum (Shütt) Gómez, Moreira y López-García 2009, perteneciente a la familia Ceratiaceae en el Caribe colombiano, colectada en el sector de Punta Roca (Atlántico). La forma hallada presenta las características propias de la especie, como la de poseer una epiteca en forma de cuchara y retorcida hacia atrás, el cuerno derecho recto, corto y delgado y el cuerno izquierdo grueso y doblado hacia atrás. La especie habita en latitudes cálidas, en aguas profundas y se considera rara en muestras de fitoplancton.Artículo revisado por pare

Primer congreso científico UNACHI 2015.

La Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí (UNACHI), a través de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado (VIP), en cumplimiento de su misión, visión y objetivos estratégicos, realiza el Primer Congreso Científico del 5 al 9 de octubre de 2015, con el lema: “Impulsando la cultura, la ciencia y la humanidad”. En atención al Plan Estratégico del Gobierno de la República de Panamá 2015-2019; al Plan Estratégico Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (PENCYT) 2015-2019 de la Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT); al Plan Estratégico Institucional 2013-2018 de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí y a las Políticas de Investigación e Innovación de la Universidad, se presenta a la consideración de la comunidad científica universitaria y a la sociedad panameña, los resultados de las investigaciones correspondientes al período académico 2014-2015. Las investigaciones que hoy se presentan, corresponden a trabajos realizados por investigadores procedentes de nuestra institución, de universidades y centros de investigación del país y de investigadores procedentes de países hermanos, quienes comparten con nosotros los productos de sus muchas horas de trabajo realizadas en sus laboratorios, redes temáticas y giras de campo. El Congreso tiene sus antecedentes en los seis encuentros científicos realizados, anualmente en la universidad, desde el año 2009 hasta el año 2014. No obstante, dado el impulso y decidido respaldo de la Magnífica Rectora, Etelvina Medianero de Bonagas, al eje de investigación e innovación y al trabajo realizado por nuestros investigadores, se presentó ante el Consejo Académico N° 11-2015, del 16 de junio de 2015, la propuesta para elevar los encuentros a congreso científico, y que fue aprobada por unanimidad. Se convierte este evento académico, en un reto para la institución y a la vez en una gran oportunidad para el fortalecimiento de la investigación e innovación, al servicio de la sociedad y de los grandes temas de interés nacional. Con mucho agrado se puede señalar que en el Congreso se exponen conferencias magistrales, conferencias cortas, ponencias, mesas redondas, videoconferencias y dos exposiciones fotográficas tituladas: “Nuestros ríos, nuestro futuro” y “La luz en las ciencias”. Por segundo año consecutivo se realiza el reconocimiento al investigador del año; en esta oportunidad se honrará al connotado ambientalista Demetrio Miranda Miranda. Se presentan investigadores nacionales de la Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación; de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá; del Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología; de la Universidad de Panamá; del Ministerio de Salud y de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí. También se cuenta con investigadores internacionales procedentes de Estados Unidos, Honduras, Costa Rica y de República Dominicana. Los registros de los participantes, en la página web de la universidad, nos indican que durante el congreso se tendrá la participación de investigadores procedentes de las áreas de las ciencias económicas administrativas, de las ciencias de la salud, de las ciencias sociales y humanidades y de las ciencias naturales y exactas, estos últimos en un mayor porcentaje. Atendiendo a sus políticas institucionales, la UNACHI está cimentando las bases de un sistema de investigación e innovación, a través de acciones muy puntuales, las cuales aspiran a convertir a la Institución, en un centro de educación superior de excelencia y a disponer de un conjunto de investigadores de alto nivel. Con este propósito, se ha aprobado en el Consejo Académico, el Reglamento de Investigación e Innovación, donde se establece por primera vez, la figura del investigador a tiempo completo, a fin de impulsar la investigación en todas las áreas del conocimiento humano; se ha firmado un convenio con SENACYT para la reinserción de talentos en el nivel doctoral, a partir del año 2015, con miras a fortalecer la investigación científica y se han incrementado, significativamente, los fondos destinados a los subsidios de las investigaciones de las tesis de licenciatura, de las tesis de maestrías, de las tesis de doctorados y de los docentes investigadores, con proyectos que se encuentran en este momento en revisión por los evaluadores externos

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

International audienceAbstract Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified