As Unidades de População Homogênea (UPHs) como Instrumento para Diagnóstico e Desenho de Políticas Públicas

The aim of this review is to present the advantages of adopting an alternative network of clusters rather than the municipal and others spatial networks currently available for diagnosis and social policies. Though it is common practice to generate indicators on a municipal level and, based on these, define social priorities to guide activities on a national level, including those of the federal government, this level of spatial breakdown presents various significant disadvantages analytically speaking. One such drawback is the diversity in population size of municipalities, which in the 2000 Census, varied from 795 inhabitants in Bor´a (S˜ao Paulo) to 10.3 million in the capital city of São Paulo. To offset the matter of unequal size of municipalities and other relevant aspects in the generation of statistically significant indicators, this text presents a new spatial network with nationwide coverage, made up of what we will herein call “Homogenous Population Units” - HPUs. These units have been shaped so as to conform to various desirable requisites for planning, which involve not only similarity in population size, but also statistical robustness in relation to the indicators obtained. The text explains the premises and procedures that have been adopted so as to construct this network made up of 1574 HPUs covering the entire national territory and presents some results derived from the Demographic Census in order to illustrate the operational advantages of this new spatial network.Divisão Geográfica, Espacialização, Indicadores Sociais, Política Social, Pobreza

Modus operandi of the scientific production of the physical education : an analysis of the journals and their publications

O campo da Educação Física no Brasil começa a incorporar, cotidianamente e com ênfase crescente, a prática de pesquisa, a qual traz consigo todo um aparato próprio do fazer científico contemporâneo, especialmente a divulgação dos seus resultados por meio das revistas científicas. Para compreender como esse processo vem se desenvolvendo e quais os seus desdobramentos para a Educação Física, o presente estudo analisou a veiculação do conhecimento de oito revistas desse campo no Brasil, considerando o ano base de 2008. A análise fundamentou-se na teoria relacional de Bourdieu (2009) e os resultados apontam um campo em pleno desenvolvimento, que produz um modus operandi fundado ainda na tônica da dicotomia entre as chamadas ciências duras e as ciências moles, reproduz a lógica interna de seus campos de origem e ainda indica teorias com pouco poder de refração e retradução para a Educação Física.The area of Physical Education in Brazil has continually and emphatically incorporated the research practice, which brings together its own contemporary scientific method, especially the publication of the main results in scientific journals. To comprehend how this process has been developed as well as its consequences to the Physical Education area, the present study investigated the publication of the knowledge produced in eight Brazilian journals of the area published in the year 2008. The analysis was based on Bourdieu (2009) and the results demonstrate that it is an area on its own development. Moreover, the results also indicate that this area of research is producing its own modus operandi based on the dichotomy of the hard and light sciences, still reproducing the internal logic of its original areas and indicating theories with little power of refraction and retranslation to the Physical Education area

Relação entre os níveis de aflatoxina detectados em fígados e valores de AST e CK nos sorsos de frangos de corte

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Detecção de aflatoxina B1 no organismo de frangos de corte através do emprego de ensaio imuno-enzimático utilizando anticorpos monoclonais(ELISA)

As aflatoxinas prejudicam os parâmetros de produção, causam imunodepressão humoral e celular e afetam o mecanismo de coagulação. No sul do Brasil, a aflatoxicose representou de 15 a 29% dos casos examinados em laboratório de 1985 a 1991, sendo uma das principais enfermidades diagnosticadas no período em questão.Frangos de corte com 42 dias de idade, fêmeas, com peso médio de 1.800 g foram inoculados diretamente no inglúvio com 360 mg de aflatoxina B 1 através de dose única. Aos 30 minutos, 1, 2, 5, 8, 12 e 24 horas após a inoculação, cinco animais tratados e quatro controles foram sacrificados e coletados 40g de fígado, de cada um, para serem processados individualmente. Usou-se o “kit” comercial Veratox da Neogen Co. que emprega o ensaio imunoenzimático utilizando anticorpos monoclonais (ELISA). Nos fígados, houve diferenças significativas (

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost