O turismo na visão dos moradores de uma comunidade garimpeira : o caso de Extração (Curralinho), Diamantina, Minas Gerais

The present study aimed to analyze the implications of tourism in the District of Extração (Diamantina, Minas Gerais), commonly known as Curralinho, from the perception of local residents. The survey was conducted through literature review, document analysis, direct observation of the community in different periods and interviews of residents using semi-structured questionnaire. The results demonstrate the need for training and qualification of the locals for the best use of the benefits that can be generated for the community through tourism. It is hoped that this study will subsidize intervention by public authorities and the private sector in order to create a proper tourism planning at the local reality, considering the perceptions and participation of residents in the process of tourism development.O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as implicações da atividade turística no Distrito de Extração (Diamantina, Minas Gerais), popularmente conhecido como Curralinho, a partir da percepção dos moradores locais. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental, observação direta da comunidade em períodos distintos e entrevistas dos moradores utilizando questionário semiestruturado. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a necessidade de capacitação e qualificação dos moradores locais para o melhor aproveitamento dos benefícios que podem ser gerados para comunidade através do turismo. Espera-se que esse estudo subsidie intervenções do poder público e da iniciativa privada, com o intuito de se criar um planejamento turístico adequado a realidade local, considerando as percepções e participação dos moradores em todo o processo de desenvolvimento do turismo

Evaluation of the private participation in the implementation and management of ecotourism in cavernas do Peruaçu national park, Brazil

In the last two decades, Brazil has advanced in the creation of Natural Protected Areas (NPAs), reaching more than 17% of its territory. However, the budget allocated for the effectiveness of NPAs is still insufficient, creating gaps that hinder these areas from fulfilling their purposes. The Cavernas do Peruaçu National Park (PNCP) was created in 1999. Its ecotourism infrastructure was conceived and built from 2011 to 2015 and opened to the public in 2017. The implementation of the PNCP differs from other NPAs under the responsibility of the federal government management in Brazil, since it involves private resources from companies with legal obligations to environmental compensation. In this context, a study on the PNCP was carried out, with primary and secondary data analysed. The research aimed at report the process of the PNCP implementation as well as presenting the current state of management and prospects for this Park. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the experience of a partnership between the public power and the private initiative is a practical possibility for the implementation and management of ecotourism, expanding its socioeconomic sustainability and contributing to the goals of nature conservation.Key words: national parks, ecotourism, natural heritage, archaeological sites.Prispevek zasebnikov pri vzpostavitvi in upravljanju ekoturizma v jamah narodnega parka Cavernas do Šeruaçu, BrazilijaBrazilija je v zadnjih dveh desetletjih razvijala program zaščitenih naravnih območij, ki danes zavzemajo 17 % površine države. Vendar namenska proračunska sredstva namenjena zaščitenim območjem, ne zadoščajo za učinkovito upravljanje in izvajanje zaščite. Narodni park Cavernas do Peruaçu (NPCP) je bil ustanovljen leta 1995. Infrastruktura, zasnovana na ekološkem pristopu, je bila zgrajena med leti 2011 in 2015 in leta 2017 odprta za javnost. NPCP je izjema med zaščitenimi območji v upravljanju brazilske vlade, saj prejema tudi sredstva zasebnih podjetij, ki so zakonsko obvezana dajatev okoljskega nadomestila. V raziskavi poročamo o razvoju, upravljanju in perspektivah parka. Pokažemo, da je javno zasebno partnerstvo mogoče in da lahko bistveno izboljša možnosti učinkovitega upravljanja, utrjuje socialno-ekonomsko vzdržnost območja in prispeva k boljšemu varovanju narave.Ključne besede: narodni parki, ekoturizem, naravna dediščina, arheološka najdišča

Parcerias público-privadas e sua importância para a sustentabilidade do espeleoturismo no Brasil

In Brazil, there are more than 20.000 caves registered in the National Register of Speleological Information (CANIE), of which a few hundred are used formally or informally for tourist visits and only 44 possess the formal instrument that regulates the management of this use, the Speleological Management Plan (PME). This implies positive and negative aspects for the sector and challenges for the management entities of public and private tourist caves. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of presenting proposals to improve the sustainability of speleotourism in the country. This is a case study of five tourist caves located in Minas Gerais. The data collection took place through literature and field research, which involved direct observation and interviews with managers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Subsequently, the data was organized and interpreted using content analysis as a method. The results underscore the potentials and limitations of each type of tourist cave management and suggest that the sustainability of speleotourism in Brazil will be achieved through the consolidation of effective partnerships between the government and private entities.En Brasil, hay más de 20 mil cuevas inscritas en el Registro Nacional de Información Espeleológica (CANIE), de las cuales unos cientos se utilizan formal o informalmente para visitas turísticas y solo 44 cuentan con el instrumento formal que regula la gestión de este uso, el Plan de Manejo Espeleológico (PME). Esto implica aspectos positivos y negativos para el sector y desafíos para las entidades gestoras de cuevas turísticas, públicas y privadas. Por ello, esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de presentar propuestas para ampliar la sostenibilidad del espeleoturismo en el país. Este es un estudio de caso de cinco cuevas turísticas ubicadas en Minas Gerais. La recopilación de datos se realizó a través de la revisión de la literatura y la investigación de campo, que involucró observación directa y entrevistas con los gerentes mediantes un cuestionario semiestructurado. Posteriormente, los datos fueron organizados e interpretados utilizando el análisis de contenido como método. Los resultados obtenidos destacan el potencial y las limitaciones de cada tipo de gestión de cuevas turísticas y muestran que la sostenibilidad del espeleoturismo en Brasil se logrará mediante la consolidación de alianzas efectivas entre el gobierno y las entidades privadas.No Brasil há mais de 20 mil cavernas registradas no Cadastro Nacional de Informações Espeleológicas (CANIE), das quais algumas centenas são usadas de modo formal ou informal para a visitação turística e apenas 44 contam com o instrumento formal que regula a gestão deste uso, o Plano de Manejo Espeleológico (PME). Isso implica em aspectos positivos e negativos para o setor e desafios para as entidades gestoras de cavernas turísticas, públicas e privadas. Diante disso, esta investigação foi realizada com o objetivo de apresentar propostas para ampliar a sustentabilidade do espeleoturismo no país. Trata-se de um estudo de caso sobre cinco cavernas turísticas localizadas em Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu através da revisão da literatura e da pesquisa de campo, que envolveu observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada com os gestores utilizando como instrumento um questionário. Posteriormente, os dados foram organizados e interpretados utilizando a análise de conteúdo como método. Os resultados obtidos ressaltam as potencialidades e as limitações de cada tipo de gestão de caverna turística, e constatam que a sustentabilidade do espeleoturismo no Brasil será atingida por meio da consolidação de parcerias efetivas entre o governo e as entidades privadas

Application of the physical habitat simulation for fish species to assess environmental flows in an Atlantic Forest Stream in South-eastern Brazil

The physical habitat simulation sub-routine of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) uses hydraulic modeling and suitability indices of target fish species to predict how differences in-stream flows affect the microhabitat occupation by fish species. This habitat modelling approach was adopted to assess the ecological effects of running flows on three neotropical fish species of different orders (Bryconamericus ornaticeps, Ancistrus multispinis and Geophagus brasiliensis).The study encompassed two reaches of an Atlantic Forest stream in Southeastern Brazil where topographic and hydraulic (depth, velocity and type of substrate) characteristics were measured to implement one-dimensional hydraulic simulation. Sub aquatic observation of fish was performed to collect data on microhabitat use and these data were used to develop habitat suitability curves that were used in the habitat simulation to obtain the habitat suitability index (HSI) and weighted usable area (WUA) versus flow curves. Upon these curves minimum and optimum environmental flows for the target fish species were proposed. Bryconamericus ornaticeps and A. multispinis selected microhabitats around 0.6 m depth, whereas G. brasiliensis showed a wider suitable range (0.35-0.9 m). All the three species were mainly observed in microhabitat with low flow velocity (0.1 m/s). Bryconamericus ornaticeps selected more frequently coarse substrate (e.g. boulders) but it appeared also over sandy substrate, whereas A. multispinis and G. brasiliensis selected preferably boulders. The range of 0.65-0.85 m3/s was found as the optimum to meet the needs of the three fish species. Our results agree with the necessary objective information to perform grounded management actions in the frame of a management program aiming at ecosystem conservation. Thereby it can be considered a successful pilot study in environmental flow assessment in an Atlantic Forest stream of Brazil.The authors wish to thank Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado so Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ / CAPES - Federal Supporting Research of the Brazilian Government for providing scholarships for the first author. We thank the director of CTUR R. C. Albieri for the loan of surveying equipment to carry out the field work.Da Costa, MR.; Mattos, TM.; Fernandes, VH.; Martinez-Capel, F.; Muñoz Mas, R.; Araujo, FG. (2015). Application of the physical habitat simulation for fish species to assess environmental flows in an Atlantic Forest Stream in South-eastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology. 13(4):685-698. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140170S685698134Acreman, M. C., & Dunbar, M. J. (2004). Defining environmental river flow requirements – a review. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8(5), 861-876. doi:10.5194/hess-8-861-2004Ahmadi-Nedushan, B., St-Hilaire, A., Bérubé, M., Robichaud, É., Thiémonge, N., & Bobée, B. (2006). A review of statistical methods for the evaluation of aquatic habitat suitability for instream flow assessment. River Research and Applications, 22(5), 503-523. doi:10.1002/rra.918Angermeier, P. L., & Schlosser, I. J. (1989). Species-Area Relationship for Stream Fishes. Ecology, 70(5), 1450-1462. doi:10.2307/1938204Arthington, A. H., & Pusey, B. J. (2003). Flow restoration and protection in Australian rivers. River Research and Applications, 19(5-6), 377-395. doi:10.1002/rra.745Assis, H. C. da S. de, Nicareta, L., Salvo, L. M., Klemz, C., Truppel, J. H., & Calegari, R. (2009). Biochemical biomarkers of exposure to deltamethrin in freshwater fish, Ancistrus multispinis. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 52(6), 1401-1407. doi:10.1590/s1516-89132009000600012Barletta, M., Jaureguizar, A. J., Baigun, C., Fontoura, N. F., Agostinho, A. A., Almeida-Val, V. M. F., … Corrêa, M. F. M. (2010). Fish and aquatic habitat conservation in South America: a continental overview with emphasis on neotropical systems. Journal of Fish Biology, 76(9), 2118-2176. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02684.xBLANCK, A., TEDESCO, P. A., & LAMOUROUX, N. (2007). Relationships between life-history strategies of European freshwater fish species and their habitat preferences. Freshwater Biology, 52(5), 843-859. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01736.xBowen, B. W., Bass, A. L., Rocha, L. A., Grant, W. S., & Robertson, D. R. (2001). PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TRUMPETFISHES (AULOSTOMUS): RING SPECIES COMPLEX ON A GLOBAL SCALE. Evolution, 55(5), 1029. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1029:pottar]2.0.co;2BUNN, S. E., & ARTHINGTON, A. H. (2002). Basic Principles and Ecological Consequences of Altered Flow Regimes for Aquatic Biodiversity. Environmental Management, 30(4), 492-507. doi:10.1007/s00267-002-2737-0Castro, M. A. de, Santos, H. de A., Sampaio, F. A. C., & Pompeu, P. S. (2010). Swimming performance of the small characin Bryconamericus stramineus (Characiformes: Characidae). Zoologia (Curitiba), 27(6), 939-944. doi:10.1590/s1984-46702010000600015Copp, G. H., & Jurajda, P. (1993). Do small riverine fish move inshore at night? Journal of Fish Biology, 43(sa), 229-241. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb01190.xCosta, R. M. S., Martínez-Capel, F., Muñoz-Mas, R., Alcaraz-Hernández, J. D., & Garófano-Gómez, V. (2011). HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELLING AT MESOHABITAT SCALE AND EFFECTS OF DAM OPERATION ON THE ENDANGERED JúCAR NASE, PARACHONDROSTOMA ARRIGONIS (RIVER CABRIEL, SPAIN). River Research and Applications, 28(6), 740-752. doi:10.1002/rra.1598Costa, M. R. da, Mattos, T. M., Borges, J. L., & Araújo, F. G. (2013). Habitat preferences of common native fishes in a tropical river in Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11(4), 871-880. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000400015Da Costa, M. R., Moreti, T., Uehara, W., dos Santos, H. K., & Araújo, F. G. (2015). Length-weight relationships for 15 fish species from Atlantic rain forest streams, southeastern Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 31(4), 809-810. doi:10.1111/jai.12788Crook, D. A., & Robertson, A. I. (1999). Relationships between riverine fish and woody debris: implications for lowland rivers. Marine and Freshwater Research. doi:10.1071/mf99072Ferreira, K. M. (2007). Biology and ecomorphology of stream fishes from the rio Mogi-Guaçu basin, Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 5(3), 311-326. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252007000300012De Jalón, D. G. (2003). The Spanish Experience in Determining Minimum Flow Regimes in Regulated Streams. Canadian Water Resources Journal, 28(2), 185-198. doi:10.4296/cwrj2802185Geerinckx, T., Verhaegen, Y., & Adriaens, D. (2008). Ontogenetic allometries and shape changes in the suckermouth armoured catfish Ancistrus cf. triradiatus Eigenmann (Loricariidae, Siluriformes), related to suckermouth attachment and yolk-sac size. Journal of Fish Biology, 72(4), 803-814. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01755.xGore, J. A., & Nestler, J. M. (1988). Instream flow studies in perspective. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 2(2), 93-101. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020204Grossman, G. D., & de Sostoa, A. (1994). Microhabitat use by fish in the lower Rio Matarrana, Spain, 1984-1987. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 3(3), 123-136. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0633.1994.tb00114.xHeggenes, J., Brabrand, Åg., & Saltveit, S. (1990). Comparison of Three Methods for Studies of Stream Habitat Use by Young Brown Trout and Atlantic Salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119(1), 101-111. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1990)1192.3.co;2King, J., & Brown, C. (2006). Environmental Flows: Striking the Balance between Development and Resource Protection. Ecology and Society, 11(2). doi:10.5751/es-01682-110226Lambert, T. R., & Hanson, D. F. (1989). Development of habitat suitability criteria for trout in small streams. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 3(1), 291-303. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450030128LAMOUROUX, N., & CAPRA, H. (2002). Simple predictions of instream habitat model outputs for target fish populations. Freshwater Biology, 47(8), 1543-1556. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00879.xLamouroux, N., Capra, H., Pouilly, M., & Souchon, Y. (1999). Fish habitat preferences in large streams of southern France. Freshwater Biology, 42(4), 673-687. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00521.xLeal, C. G., Junqueira, N. T., & Pompeu, P. S. (2010). Morphology and habitat use by fishes of the Rio das Velhas basin in southeastern Brazil. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 90(2), 143-157. doi:10.1007/s10641-010-9726-6Lee, P.-Y., & Suen, J.-P. (2011). Niche partitioning of fish assemblages in a mountain stream with frequent natural disturbances - an examination of microhabitat in riffle areas. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 21(2), 255-265. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00544.xLytle, D. A., & Poff, N. L. (2004). Adaptation to natural flow regimes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19(2), 94-100. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.002MARTÍNEZ-CAPEL, F., GARCÍA DE JALÓN, D., WERENITZKY, D., BAEZA, D., & RODILLA-ALAMÁ, M. (2009). Microhabitat use by three endemic Iberian cyprinids in Mediterranean rivers (Tagus River Basin, Spain). Fisheries Management and Ecology, 16(1), 52-60. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008.00645.xMouton, A. M., Schneider, M., Peter, A., Holzer, G., Müller, R., Goethals, P. L. M., & De Pauw, N. (2008). Optimisation of a fuzzy physical habitat model for spawning European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) in the Aare river (Thun, Switzerland). Ecological Modelling, 215(1-3), 122-132. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.028Mouton, A. M., Alcaraz-Hernández, J. D., De Baets, B., Goethals, P. L. M., & Martínez-Capel, F. (2011). Data-driven fuzzy habitat suitability models for brown trout in Spanish Mediterranean rivers. Environmental Modelling & Software, 26(5), 615-622. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.12.001Muñoz-Mas, R., Martínez-Capel, F., Garófano-Gómez, V., & Mouton, A. M. (2014). Application of Probabilistic Neural Networks to microhabitat suitability modelling for adult brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Iberian rivers. Environmental Modelling & Software, 59, 30-43. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.05.003Muñoz-Mas, R., Martínez-Capel, F., Schneider, M., & Mouton, A. M. (2012). Assessment of brown trout habitat suitability in the Jucar River Basin (SPAIN): Comparison of data-driven approaches with fuzzy-logic models and univariate suitability curves. Science of The Total Environment, 440, 123-131. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.074Naiman, R. J., Latterell, J. J., Pettit, N. E., & Olden, J. D. (2008). Flow variability and the biophysical vitality of river systems. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 340(9-10), 629-643. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2008.01.002Paredes-Arquiola, J., Martinez-Capel, F., Solera, A., & Aguilella, V. (2011). IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS IN COMPLEX WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS - CASE STUDY: THE DUERO RIVER BASIN, SPAIN. River Research and Applications, 29(4), 451-468. doi:10.1002/rra.1617Paredes-Arquiola, J., Solera, A., Martinez-Capel, F., Momblanch, A., & Andreu, J. (2014). Integrating water management, habitat modelling and water quality at the basin scale and environmental flow assessment: case study of the Tormes River, Spain. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59(3-4), 878-889. doi:10.1080/02626667.2013.821573POFF, N. L., RICHTER, B. D., ARTHINGTON, A. H., BUNN, S. E., NAIMAN, R. J., KENDY, E., … WARNER, A. (2010). The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 147-170. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.xPoff, N. L., Allan, J. D., Bain, M. B., Karr, J. R., Prestegaard, K. L., Richter, B. D., … Stromberg, J. C. (1997). The Natural Flow Regime. BioScience, 47(11), 769-784. doi:10.2307/1313099Power, M. E. (1984). Depth Distributions of Armored Catfish: Predator-Induced Resource Avoidance? Ecology, 65(2), 523-528. doi:10.2307/1941414RABENI, C. F., & JACOBSON, R. B. (1993). The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat restoration in low-gradient alluvial streams. Freshwater Biology, 29(2), 211-220. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00758.xRichter, B. D., Warner, A. T., Meyer, J. L., & Lutz, K. (2006). A collaborative and adaptive process for developing environmental flow recommendations. River Research and Applications, 22(3), 297-318. doi:10.1002/rra.892Rincon, P. A., Correas, A. M., Morcillo, F., Risueno, P., & Lobon-Cervia, J. (2002). Interaction between the introduced eastern mosquitofish and two autochthonous Spanish toothcarps. Journal of Fish Biology, 61(6), 1560-1585. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02498.xCosta Sampaio, F., Santos Pompeu, P., de Andrade e Santos, H., & Lopes Ferreira, R. (2012). Swimming performance of epigeal and hypogeal species of Characidae, with an emphasis on the troglobiotic Stygichthys typhlops Brittan & Böhlke, 1965. International Journal of Speleology, 41(1), 9-16. doi:10.5038/1827-806x.41.1.2Schneider, K. N., & Winemiller, K. O. (2008). Structural complexity of woody debris patches influences fish and macroinvertebrate species richness in a temperate floodplain-river system. Hydrobiologia, 610(1), 235-244. doi:10.1007/s10750-008-9438-5Schwartz, J. S., & Herricks, E. E. (2008). Fish use of ecohydraulic-based mesohabitat units in a low-gradient Illinois stream: implications for stream restoration. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 18(6), 852-866. doi:10.1002/aqc.905Strakosh, T. R., Neumann, R. M., & Jacobson, R. A. (2003). Development and assessment of habitat suitability criteria for adult brown trout in southern New England rivers. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 12(4), 265-274. doi:10.1046/j.1600-0633.2003.00022.xTeresa, F. B., & Casatti, L. (2013). Development of habitat suitability criteria for Neotropical stream fishes and an assessment of their transferability to streams with different conservation status. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11(2), 395-402. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013005000009Tharme, R. E. (2003). 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Production of methyl and ethyl biodiesel fuel from pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliensis Camb.)

We studied the physical and chemical characteristics of methyl and ethyl esters (biodiesel) produced by transesterification of pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliensis Camb.) in the presence of potassium hydroxide. The oil extracted from pequi seed comprises 60% of the fruit content. Such characteristics as density, acidity, viscosity, and carbon residue of the biodiesel meet ANP (Brazilian National Petroleum Agency) standards. Our tests demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing pequi oil for biodiesel production

Prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome metabólica em população vulnerável do norte do Brasil: um estudo transversal

Introduction: metabolic syndrome (SM) is a set of metabolic imbalances that are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, in addition to other chronic non-communicable diseases. SM has been gaining prominence in the scientific community mainly due to link with the increase of the obesity epidemic in the world. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with metabolic syndrome and its prevalence in a vulnerable population in the Northern Region of Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with artisanal fishers from the state of Tocantins, and data collected between 2016 and 2017 were used. The outcome variable for MS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The following variables were assessed: socioeconomic and demographic information, fish consumption, and smoking. For statistical and data analysis, the Shapiro–Wilk test, Poisson regression, Student's t-test, and interquartile regression were evaluated. Results: The general prevalence rate (PR) of MS was 31.9% higher in women than in men. The factors associated with MS were economic class and smoking, and there was an association between socioeconomic class and smoking (p=0.015). The most prevalent component was abdominal obesity with a rate of 62.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.5, 70.5). The prevalence of MS in terms of sex (PR=2.27, 95% 1.04 CI, 4.92, p=0.037), smoking (PR=2.40, 95% CI, 30, p=0.003) and years of professional experience (>10 PR=2.07, 95% CI 1.06, 4.05, p=0.033) was also assessed. Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of SM was associated with smoking and socioeconomic status, which is considered high when compared to the worldwide prevalence. These findings highlight the importance of looking at public policies so that health services can develop actions that generate greater adherence to good health practices by the population.Introdução: A síndrome metabólica (SM) é um conjunto de desequilíbrios metabólicos que estão associados ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 além de outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. A SM vem ganhando destaque na comunidade científica principalmente por sua ligação com o aumento da epidemia de obesidade no mundo. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à síndrome metabólica e sua prevalência em população vulnerável da Região Norte do Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com pescadores artesanais do estado do Tocantins, e foram utilizados dados coletados entre 2016 e 2017. A variável desfecho para SM foi definida de acordo com os critérios da International Diabetes Federation. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: informações socioeconômicas e demográficas, consumo de peixe e tabagismo. Para análise estatística e de dados, foram avaliados o teste de Shapiro – Wilk, regressão de Poisson, teste t de Student e regressão interquartil. Resultados: A taxa geral de prevalência (RP) da SM foi 31,9% maior em mulheres do que em homens. Os fatores associados à SM foram classe econômica e tabagismo e houve associação entre classe socioeconômica e tabagismo (p = 0,015). O componente mais prevalente foi obesidade abdominal com uma taxa de 62,5% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC]: 54,5, 70,5). A prevalência de SM em termos de sexo (RP = 2,27, IC 95% 1,04, 4,92, p = 0,037), tabagismo (RP = 2,40, IC 95%, 30, p = 0,003) e anos de experiência profissional (> 10 RP = 2,07, IC 95% 1,06, 4,05, p = 0,033) também foi avaliado. Conclusão: No presente estudo, a prevalência de SM esteve associada ao tabagismo e ao nível socioeconômico, sendo considerada elevada quando comparada a prevalência mundial. Esses achados assinalam a importância de um olhar das políticas públicas para que os serviços de saúde possam desenvolver ações que geram maior adesão as boas práticas de saúde pela população

Atenção primária à saúde e seu papel na reabilitação

INTRODUÇÃO: A principal estratégia para melhorar o acesso à saúde é através da Estratégia de Saúde da Família e Comunidade (ESFC), o que inclui o maior acesso à reabilitação. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho visa esclarecer o papel da APS na reabilitação dos usuários atendidos pelas USFs. METODOLOGIA: Revisão narrativa da literatura. Os trabalhos incluídos devem ser encontrados dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) “Fisiatria”, “Atenção primária à saúde” e “Reabilitação” nas bases de dados PubMed, SciElo, Google Acadêmico e UpToDate e seguir os critérios de inclusão. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 68 documentos, 17 foram selecionados. 9 foram utilizados na produção deste trabalho. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA: A Reabilitação Baseada na Comunidade auxilia a Atenção Básica no atendimento de pessoas em reabilitação nas áreas atendidas. Para isso, o cuidado longitudinal é necessário para acompanhamento do paciente, família e comunidade, uma vez que a perda da capacidade funcional altera toda a dinâmica das relações da pessoa. O apoio matricial é definido como uma estratégia para aproximar as áreas de saúde da assistência integral ao paciente  e propiciar uma percepção holística do acompanhamento. Objetivos Realistas são criados junto à equipe para traçar o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se dizer que a APS atua na identificação, prevenção, tratamento longitudinal e acompanhamento contínuo dos pacientes em RCB, assim como oferece suporte à família e comunidade em que o paciente está inserido, pois todo o grupo familiar é afetado

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures