Responses of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity to herbicides imazethapyr and flumioxazin

The use of herbicides is important for controlling weeds in crops. However, they can present impacts on soil properties, such as biological properties. In this study, we evaluated the responses of soil microbial biomass and enzymes activity to the application of the herbicides imazethapyr and flumioxazin and their mixture in an experiment under laboratory conditions, using soils with a different history of use. Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) decreased, while microbial biomass N (MBN) was not affected after the application of the herbicides as compared to the control. Soil respiration, respiratory quotient, and dehydrogenase (DHA) activity increased significantly after the application of the herbicides compared to the control. The hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was not significantly different between the control and the herbicide treatments. The principal response curve showed the largest initial effects for the flumioxazin, followed by imazethapyr and their mixture. Flumioxazin had a different influence on soil respiration and respiratory quotient than imazethapyr and their mixture. Finally, the effects of herbicides on soil microbial biomass and enzymes are short-term as we observed recovery in the biological parameters over time.</p

Prevención de la reincidencia del embarazo en adolescentes

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational family planning program in preventing the recurrence of teen pregnancy. METHODS: this was a retrospective study conducted in the department of Family Planning of the Federal University of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 264 patients who had at least one pregnancy. RESULTS: participants reported an average age of menarche at 12.2 years old. Their first sexual intercourse occurred at 15 years old and their age at the first pregnancy was 16 years old. In addition, 73.5% of the participants reported more than one pregnancy. Following educational family planning program, use of condoms, and birth control pills were the most used contraceptives methods; 4.9% of teens had a recurrence of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: the findings of this study support the importance and effectiveness of an educational family planning program in preventing recurrence of teen pregnancy.OBJETIVO: evaluar los efectos de un programa educativo y asistencial frente a la reincidencia de embarazo en adolescentes. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, realizado en el sector de Planificación Familiar de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo a partir de datos recolectados en 264 historias clínicas de adolescentes que tenían como antecedente al menos un embarazo anterior a la matrícula. RESULTADOS: los datos revelan que la menarquia ocurrió, en promedio, a los 12,2 años, la primera relación a los 15 y el primer embarazo un año después. Al matricularse en el programa el 73,5% poseían una gestación y el 2% dos. El condón y las hormonas fueron los anticonceptivos más utilizados. La reincidencia de embarazo fue observada en el 4,9% de las adolescentes. CONCLUSIONES: los datos encontrados refuerzan la importancia del ofrecimiento de programas de planificación familiar que abarquen la educación y la asistencia con la oferta de métodos anticonceptivos volcados a las adolescentes.OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos de um programa educativo e assistencial frente a reincidência de gestação em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado no setor de Planejamento Familiar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) a partir de dados coletados em 264 prontuários de adolescentes que tinham como antecedente ao menos uma gravidez anterior a matrícula. RESULTADOS: os dados revelam que a menarca ocorreu, em média, aos 12,2 anos, a sexarca aos 15 e a primeira gravidez um ano após. Ao se matricularem no programa 73,5% possuíam uma gestação e 2% duas. O condom e os hormonais foram os contraceptivos mais utilizados. A reincidência de gravidez foi observada em 4,9% das adolescentes. CONCLUSÕES Os dados encontrados reforçam a importância do oferecimento de programas de planejamento familiar, que englobem a educação e a assistência com oferta do método contraceptivo, voltados a adolescentes.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de EnfermagemUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de ObstetríciaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de GinecologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de EnfermagemUNIFESP, Depto. de ObstetríciaUNIFESP, Depto. de GinecologiaSciEL

Genetic, chemical, and biological control of root-knot nematodes in soybean crop

The control of nematodes with the use of different methods is important for success in the reduction of damage caused by these parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of methods for controlling root-knot nematodes in soybean. For that, the soybean BRS 282 genotype, resistant to Meloidogyne javanica and M. Incognita, was used for its genetic control, the nematicide carbofuran was used for its chemical control, and the Bacillus subtilis (PRBS-1 and B-1) was used for its biological control. Soybean BRS 282 (resistant) and BRS 184 (susceptible) seeds were treated or not with carbofuran and B. subtilis. The soil used in the experiment was collected in areas naturally infested with root-knot nematodes. In order to evaluate the control of root-knot nematodes, the plants were grown in a greenhouse, for 60 days. After this period, the active forms and nematodes eggs in the roots were quantified and plant growth evaluated. The use of the BRS 282 genotype was the best option for controlling root-knot nematodes in soybean, due to its low incidence in the roots. For the BRS 184 genotype, both the chemical and biological control were effective in reducing the nematode reproduction in soybean roots. The treatment of BRS 282 genotype seeds with carbofuran or B. subtilis significantly improved the soybean growth in soil infested with the parasite

ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS NA CIDADE DE SAPEZAL, MATO GROSSO, BRASIL

&nbsp; &nbsp;This study provides a comprehensive analysis of groundwater quality and the potential for contamination resulting from the presence of residues from plant protection products in the city of Sapezal, located in Mato Grosso. The work aims to investigate the utilisation of groundwater for the supply of households, commercial establishments, and industries in the locality, while also identifying the main contributing agents to aquifer contamination. Data collection and analysis were carried out from January 2018 to June 2020. Although the information collected revealed that the maximum permitted values, used as evaluation parameters, were in accordance with the regulations established by the Ministry of Health, there is a notable presence of phytosanitary products (pesticides). It is important to note that Sapezal is the second largest consumer of pesticides by type of crop in the state of Mato Grosso, according to data provided by IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). This situation reinforces the need for constant vigilance on the part of the entities involved in water supply, in addition to requiring reflection on the proximity of the application of these products in relation to areas of human occupation.  &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Este estudo oferece uma análise abrangente da qualidade das águas subterrâneas e do potencial de contaminação resultante da presença de resíduos provenientes de produtos fitossanitários na cidade de Sapezal, localizada em Mato Grosso. O trabalho objetiva investigar a utilização das águas do lençol freático para o abastecimento de residências, estabelecimentos comerciais e indústrias na localidade, ao passo que também visa identificar os principais agentes contribuintes para a contaminação do aquífero. A coleta e análise dos dados foram realizadas no período de janeiro de 2018 a junho de 2020. Embora as informações colhidas tenham revelado que os valores máximos permitidos, utilizados como parâmetros de avaliação, estivessem em conformidade com as normativas estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Saúde, há uma notável presença de produtos fitossanitários (agrotóxicos). É relevante salientar que Sapezal figura como a segunda maior consumidora de agrotóxicos por tipo de lavoura no estado de Mato Grosso, conforme dados fornecidos pelo IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística). Essa situação reforça a necessidade de vigilância constante por parte das entidades envolvidas no fornecimento de água, além de exigir uma reflexão sobre a proximidade da aplicação desses produtos em relação às áreas de ocupação humana.

Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting the maxilla

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), formerly called sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a non-neoplastic proliferative histiocytic disorder with behavior ranging from highly aggressive to spontaneous remission. Although the lymph nodes are more commonly involved, any organ can be affected. This study aimed to describe the features and the follow-up of a case of extranodal RDD. Our patient was a 39-year-old woman who was referred with an 11-month history of pain in the right maxilla. On clinical examination, some upper right teeth presented full mobility with normal appearance of the surrounding gingiva. Radiographic exams showed an extensive bone reabsorption and maxillary sinus filled with homogeneous tissue, which sometimes showed polypoid formation. An incisional biopsy demonstrated a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate rich in foamy histiocytes displaying lymphocytes emperipolesis. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for CD68 and S-100, and negativity for CD3, CD20, and CD30. Such features were consistent with the RDD diagnosis. The patient was referred to a hematologist and corticotherapy was administrated for 6 months. RDD is an uncommon disease that rarely affects the maxilla. In the present case, the treatment was conservative, and the patient is currently asymptomatic after 5 years of follow-u

Discovery of a few specimens of Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) (Bivalvia, Unionoida), in the upper Douro River (Soria, Spain)

[ES] Se han encontrado algunos ejemplares de Margaritifera margaritifera en el curso alto del río Duero, en la provincia de Soria. Se trata de la cita más oriental de esta especie en la Península Ibérica y la única conocida en el cauce del río Duero. Únicamente se ha localizado un ejemplar vivo y uno recién muerto. Parecen ser los últimos ejemplares de una población de la que no se tenía noticia alguna, aunque según los habitantes de los pueblos ribereños existía hace años un elevado número de ejemplares en la zona final del embalse de Cuerda del Pozo, cerca de Molinos de Duero. Según los datos que se aportan en el presente trabajo, esa posible población está actualmente extinguida.[EN] A few specimens of Margaritifera margaritifera were found in upper Douro River, in the province of Soria. It is the most eastern record known for this species in the Iberian Peninsula and the only population known in the course of the Douro River. We have only located two specimens, one live and other just died. It seems to be the last specimens of an unknown population. Local people tell that some years ago, there was a large number of specimens near of the Cuerda del Pozo reservoir, close to Molinos de Duero village. According to data reported in this paper, this possible population is currently extinct.Peer reviewe

Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting the maxilla

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), formerly called sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a non-neoplastic proliferative histiocytic disorder with behavior ranging from highly aggressive to spontaneous remission. Although the lymph nodes are more commonly involved, any organ can be affected. This study aimed to describe the features and the follow-up of a case of extranodal RDD. Our patient was a 39-year-old woman who was referred with an 11-month history of pain in the right maxilla. On clinical examination, some upper right teeth presented full mobility with normal appearance of the surrounding gingiva. Radiographic exams showed an extensive bone reabsorption and maxillary sinus filled with homogeneous tissue, which sometimes showed polypoid formation. An incisional biopsy demonstrated a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate rich in foamy histiocytes displaying lymphocytes emperipolesis. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for CD68 and S-100, and negativity for CD3, CD20, and CD30. Such features were consistent with the RDD diagnosis. The patient was referred to a hematologist and corticotherapy was administrated for 6 months. RDD is an uncommon disease that rarely affects the maxilla. In the present case, the treatment was conservative, and the patient is currently asymptomatic after 5 years of follow-u

Interpolacion Regnie para lluvia y temperatura en las regiones andina, caribe y pacífica de Colombia

A regionalized rain interpolation model: Regionalisierte Niederschlage (REGNIE) was implemented to interpolate rain and average air temperature for the Andean, Caribbean and Pacific Regions in Colombia. This model integrated terrain slope and aspect obtained  from the digital elevation model and the climatological average of 1440 precipitation time series and 259 temperature time series registered in the same number of weather stations for each variable. Multiple linear regression models of annual rainfall and annual average air temperature were obtained according to the model and geoprocessing tools were used for the generation of interpolated surfaces. Statistical results of REGNIE surfaces were similar to those obtained with SPLINE and IDW methods for precipitation (determination coefficient of 0.81 and 55.6 mm mean error) and better for average mean temperature (coefficient of determination 0.99 and average error of 0.02 °C).Se utilizó el modelo regionalizado de lluvia Regionalisierte Niederschlage (Regnie) para interpolar la lluvia y temperatura media del aire de las regiones Andina, Caribe y Pacífica de Colombia. Este modelo integró los datos de la pendiente y exposición del terreno obtenidos del modelo digital de elevación, así como los promedios climatológicos de 1440 series de precipitación y 258 series de temperatura registradas en igual número de estaciones meteorológicas de superficie para cada variable. Se establecieron los modelos de regresión lineal múltiple de la precipitación media anual y temperatura media anual del aire, además se utilizaron herramientas de geoprocesamiento para la generación de las superficies interpoladas. Los estadísticos de prueba de las superficies Regnie fueron similares a los obtenidos con interpolaciones con los métodos Spline e IDW para precipitación (coeficiente de determinación 0.81 y error medio de 55.6 mm) y mejores para la temperatura media (coeficiente de determinación 0.99 y error medio de 0.02°C).

EFICÁCIA MOSQUICIDA DE UMA ASSOCIAÇÃO “POUR-ON” CONTENDO CLORPIRIFÓS 50% e CIPERMETRINA 20%, NO CONTROLE DA MOSCA DOS CHIFRES (Haematobia irritans) EM BOVINOS NATURALMENTE INFESTADOS

A mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) é um pequeno ectoparasita díptero hematófago que parasita o bovino, causando prejuízos econômicos estimados em 3,24 bilhões de dólares, determinados principalmente pela espoliação e o incomodo ao animal que acarretam perda de peso e diminuição da produção leiteira dentre outros aspectos da produção. O estudo, aprovado pela Comissão de Ética no uso de Animais do Instituto de Veterinária da UFRRJ (CEUA Nº 4515061217), objetivou avaliar a eficácia da associação a base de clorpirifós e cipermetrina, contra H. irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 30 bovinos mestiços e o ranqueamento foi feito com base nas médias das contagens do número total de moscas, em ambos os lados do animal, realizadas nos dias D-3 e D-1. Os animais selecionados foram divididos em dois grupos, Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Tratado (GT), contendo em cada um, 15 animais. No dia D0, a associação do medicamento foi administrada por via tópica nos animais do GT em dose única de 5 litros por pulverização com auxílio de uma bomba costal. Os animais foram contidos em brete e tratados individualmente. O efeito contra H. irritans foi avaliado por meio de contagens do número de moscas vivas contidos em ambos os lados dos animais nos dias experimentais D+1, D+3, D+7, D+14, D+21, D+28, D+35 e D+42. Diferenças estatísticas significativas (p≤0,05) foram verificadas nas médias das contagens de moscas em todos os dias após tratamento dos animais. Os resultados das médias aritméticas de contagens de moscas foram os seguintes para o grupo controle (GC): 95,20 (D+1),  74,07 (D+3),  100,80 (D+7),  79,07 (D+14),  65,53 (D+21),  75,47 (D+28),  92,87  (D+35),  76,93 (D+42); e para o grupo tratado (GT): 0,53 (D+1), 0,40 (D+3), 1,27 (D+7), 4,27 (D+14), 11,80 (D+21), 16,67 (D+28), 29,47 (D+35), 40,07 (D+42). A eficácia observada por dia experimental foi de: 99,4% (D+1), 99,46% (D+3), 98,74% (D+7), 94,60% (D+14), 81,99% (D+21), 77,92% (D+28), 68,27% (D+35) e 47,92% (D+42). Através dos resultados da contagem de H. irritans pôde-se observar antes do tratamento variações de 34 a 114 moscas nos animais. Os resultados demostraram que a associação à base de clorpirifós 50% e cipermetrina 20%, empregada por pulverização, foi efetiva para o tratamento de bovinos naturalmente infestados por H. irritans, apresentando níveis de eficácia acima de 80% por até 21 dias após tratamento