A new species of Henneguya, a gill parasite of Astyanax altiparanae (Pisces: Characidae) from Brazil, with comments on histopathology and seasonality

A new species of Myxosporea, Henneguya chydadea, is described parasitizing the gills of Astyanax altiparanae collected from a lake on Rio das Pedras farm near Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of the fish examined, 88.3% had gills parasitized by myxosporeans. The prevalence of the parasite ranged from 80% in the spring and fall, 93% in the summer and 100% in the winter. The parasite induced the formation of white, oval-shaped cysts measuring 40-64 µm x 64-80 µm which deformed the gill lamellae, compressed the capillaries, and caused retraction of the neighboring lamellae. The mature spores were elongated and had two identical, parallel elongate polar capsules. Each capsule contained a polar filament with 9-10 turns. There was no mucous envelope or iodinophilous vacuole. Morphometric differences between this parasite and other species of the genus Henneguya indicated, that he parasite observed in A. altiparanae is a new species. This is the first report of a myxosporeanparasitizing A. altiparanae.76176

Assessing the economic impacts of forest certification in Spain: A longitudinal study

Forest certification has become a strategic instrument for businesses, particularly for accessing sensitive envi-ronmental markets and within sustainability commitments. This trend is also visible in Spain, where PEFC (Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification) certification has increased by 91% in the past five years. However, there is a weak understanding of the certification impacts at the level of companies, especially when it comes to economic impacts. This study applies a longitudinal methodology to measure financial performance before and after obtaining PEFC-certification in Spain by analysing treatment and selection effects. The results show significant differences in economic profitability and turnover between certified and non-certified com-panies prior to certification. However, these differences are not significant in subsequent periods. Therefore, we could not confirm a treatment effect between forest certification and improved financial performance. Instead, we find a positive selection effect: companies with better financial performance have a greater propensity for certification, as has been previously detected for standards such as ISO 9001/14001. Compared to previous studies that predominantly assess economic impacts qualitatively, we use economic-financial data to avoid possible distortion emerging from perceptions and opinions. The main contribution of this study lies in the quantitative assessment of the impacts of forest certification on economic profitability and turnover.The authors want to express their gratitude to the SAREN Research Group (IT1619–22, Basque Government)

Evidence from Focal Brain Lesions

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological experiments suggest that modality- preferential cortices, including motor- and somatosensory areas, contribute to the semantic processing of action related concrete words. Still, a possible role of sensorimotor areas in processing abstract meaning remains under debate. Recent fMRI studies indicate an involvement of the left sensorimotor cortex in the processing of abstract-emotional words (e.g., “love”) which resembles activation patterns seen for action words. But are the activated areas indeed necessary for processing action-related and abstract words? The current study now investigates word processing in two patients suffering from focal brain lesion in the left frontocentral motor system. A speeded Lexical Decision Task on meticulously matched word groups showed that the recognition of nouns from different semantic categories – related to food, animals, tools, and abstract-emotional concepts – was differentially affected. Whereas patient HS with a lesion in dorsolateral central sensorimotor systems next to the hand area showed a category-specific deficit in recognizing tool words, patient CA suffering from lesion centered in the left supplementary motor area was primarily impaired in abstract-emotional word processing. These results point to a causal role of the motor cortex in the semantic processing of both action-related object concepts and abstract-emotional concepts and therefore suggest that the motor areas previously found active in action-related and abstract word processing can serve a meaning-specific necessary role in word recognition. The category-specific nature of the observed dissociations is difficult to reconcile with the idea that sensorimotor systems are somehow peripheral or ‘epiphenomenal’ to meaning and concept processing. Rather, our results are consistent with the claim that cognition is grounded in action and perception and based on distributed action perception circuits reaching into modality-preferential cortex

Morphological and cytochemical characterization of cell types of the adenohypophysis of Manjuba, Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911) (Osteichthyes, Engraulidae)

A hipófise de Anchoviella lepidentostole apresenta-se dividida em neuro-hipófise e adeno-hipófise, sendo que a caracterização morfológica e citoquímica dos tipos celulares desta região foi a proposta deste trabalho. A adeno-hipófise divide-se em pars intermedia (PI) e pars distalis (PD), sendo que esta última se divide em pars distalis rostralis (PDR) e pars distalis proximalis (PDP). As células da PDR organizam-se em folículos. No epitélio folicular foram caracterizados quatro tipos celulares: l-PDR (basófilo), ll-PDR (positivo à hematoxilina-chumbo/HPb+), lll-PDR (PAS+, AB pH2,5+ e AF+), e IV-PDR (acidófilas). A PDP possui dois tipos celulares: l-PDP (PAS+, AB pH2,5+ e AF+) e ll-PDP (acidófilas). Na PI também foram caracterizados dois tipos celulares: l-PI (HPb+) e ll-PI (cromófobo aos métodos empregados).The pituitary gland of Anchoviella lepidentostole consists of the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis, which is subdivided in pars intermedia and pars distalis. The pars distalis comprises pars distalis rostralis and pars distalis proximalis. The cell types of the pars distalis rostralis are arranged in follicles. In the follicular epithelium, four cell types were cytochemically characterized: l-PDR (basophilic), ll-PDR (lead haematoxylin+/HPb+), lll-PDR (PAS+, AB pH2.5+ and AF+), IV-PDR (acidophilic). Thepars distalis proximalis has two cell types: l-PDP (PAS+, AB pH 2.5+ and AF+) and ll-PDP (acidophilic). In the pars intermedia there are two cell types: l-PI (HPb+) and ll-PI (chromophobes)

Avaliação da eficácia do aluminosilicato de sódio hidratado na prevenção de câncer hepático induzido por aflatoxina em truta arco-íris

The use of aluminum silicates for decontaminating animal feed containing aflatoxins has yielded encouraging results in chicken and turkey poults. In contrast, very few studies have tested these substances in aquaculture. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of a trout diet containing 0.5% hydrated sodium aluminosilicate (HSAS) in protecting against contamination with aflatoxin B1. Trout were reared on these diets for one year and the experimental groups were examined monthly for hepatic presumptive preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Regardless of the presence of HSAS, all of the fish that received aflatoxin in their diet have shown hepatic lesions indicative of a carcinogenic process, presenting also the development of cancer in some fish. The concentration of HSAS used in this study was ineffective in preventing the onset of hepatic lesions induced by aflatoxin B1 in rainbow trout.Resultados encorajadores têm sido observados com o emprego de aluminosilicatos para descontaminação de ração contendo aflatoxina destinada à avicultura. No entanto, raros estudos têm sido destinados a testar essa substância em aqüicultura. Assim, no presente trabalho, foi investigada a eficácia do aluminosilicato de sódio hidratado (HSAS, 0,5%) em proteger a truta arco-íris dos danos hepáticos causados por ração contaminada com aflatoxina B1. Os grupos experimentais foram alimentados com suas respectivas dietas durante 12 meses, mensalmente cada grupo foi amostrado para análises anatomopatológica e histopatológica para verificação da presença de lesões hepáticas. Apesar da presença de HSAS, todos os grupos que receberam dieta contaminada com aflatoxina B1 apresentaram lesões hepáticas indicativas do processo carcinogênico, sendo que exemplares alimentados com essas dietas por mais longo prazo apresentaram hepatocarcinoma ou colangiocarcinoma. Estes resultados indicaram que a concentração de HSAS usada no presente estudo não foi efetiva em prevenir o desenvolvimento de lesões hepáticas induzidas por aflatoxina B1 em truta arco-íris.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual de Campina

No differential susceptibility or diathesis stress to parenting in early adolescence : personality facets predicting behaviour problems

This multi-sample study investigated the main and interactive effects of parenting (responsiveness, over-reactivity) and young adolescents' personality traits (negative-affectivity: irritability and anxiety; and orienting-sensitivity) on behaviour problems during adolescence. Data from two samples (N1 = 222; girls 45.5%; Mean age = 11.54 years; N2 = 252; girls 50.4%; Mean age = 10.85 years) were analysed using a multivariate approach. Parenting and young adolescents' personality traits were assessed at Time-1 and behaviour problems were assessed 2 to 3 years later. Mothers rated their overreactive parenting practices with the Parenting-Scale (both samples); parental responsiveness was measured with the Louvain-Adolescent-Perceived-Parenting-Scale (sample-1) and the Parenting-Practices-Questionnaire (sample-2). Adolescents reported on their behaviour problems with the overlapping items of the Brief-Problem-Monitor (sample-1) and the Youth-Self-Report (sample-2). Young adolescents' personality traits were measured with the Hierarchical-Personality-Inventory-for-Children rated by mothers in sample-1 and by fathers in sample-2. No evidence supporting diathesis stress or differential susceptibility was found. Analyses revealed one interaction suggesting that adolescents with high irritability (>= 1.4 SD; 9%) with more overreactive mothers presented less internalizing behaviour, when their mothers used less overreactive parenting they showed more internalizing behaviour. High-anxiety predicted internalizing behaviour. High-irritability and low-anxiety predicted externalizing behaviour. High-irritability and orienting sensitivity predicted attention problems. No main effects of parenting on behaviour problems were observed

Concepções sobre a comunicação matemática de uma futura professora

Este texto apresenta um estudo de caso, de natureza interpretativa, focado nas concepções de comunicação matemática de uma futura professora, que está a iniciar um curso de Educação Básica (1.º ciclo de estudos, que dá acesso aos segundos ciclos de formação de professores – 1.º e 2.º ciclos do ensino básico – e educação de infância). O estudo foi orientado por dois objectivos: (i) conhecer as concepções de uma futura professora sobre a comunicação matemática e o papel que esta desempenha na aprendizagem e no ensino da disciplina; (ii) compreender como evoluem essas concepções sobre a comunicação matemática e qual o papel da formação inicial nesse processo de desenvolvimento. Os dados recolhidos, através de inquérito por entrevista, mostram que a jovem futura professora defende um modo de comunicação reflexiva na aprendizagem da disciplina, que, embora consonante com o seu estilo pessoal, contrasta com a sua experiência de aluna no ensino secundário. A experiência no ensino superior, embora ainda no princípio, revela já a sua influência na forma como concebe o papel da linguagem matemática na comunicação e no valor da discussão na aprendizagem

Modificações histológicas das gônadas de manjuba Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911) (Osteichthyes, Engraulidae), durante o ciclo reprodutivo

Foram utilizados 40 machos e 36 fêmeas de Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911), capturadas no Rio Ribeira de Iguape, Registro - SP, com o objetivo de estudar histologicamente o ciclo reprodutivo desta e s pécie. As gônadas foram caracterizadas macroscopicamente quanto ao volume, a coloração e a vascularização superficial. A seguir as gônadas esquerdas foram amostradas em seu terço médio, o qual foi fixado em liqüido de Bouin e processado segundo técnicas histológicas de rotina. Foram identificados cinco estádios: imaturo, início de maturação, maturação avançada, reprodução e esgotada.Forty males and thirty-six females of Anchoviella lepidentosiole (Fowler, 1911), captured from Ribeira de Iguape River, Registro, State of São Paulo,were utilized with the purpose to study histologically the reproductive cycle this species. The gonads were macroscopically characterized about yours volume,color and superficial vascularization. Following to this the left gonads were sampled in their middle third which were fixed in Bouin. Routine histologicaltechniques coming next. Five stages were identified: immature, beginning of maturation, advanced maturation, reproduction and empty

Modificações histológicas das gônadas de manjuba Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911) (Osteichthyes, Engraulidae), durante o ciclo reprodutivo

Foram utilizados 40 machos e 36 fêmeas de Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911), capturadas no Rio Ribeira de Iguape, Registro - SP, com o objetivo de estudar histologicamente o ciclo reprodutivo desta e s pécie. As gônadas foram caracterizadas macroscopicamente quanto ao volume, a coloração e a vascularização superficial. A seguir as gônadas esquerdas foram amostradas em seu terço médio, o qual foi fixado em liqüido de Bouin e processado segundo técnicas histológicas de rotina. Foram identificados cinco estádios: imaturo, início de maturação, maturação avançada, reprodução e esgotada

Phylogeny, ultrastructure, histopathology and prevalence of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of Brycon hilarii (Characidae) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

This paper presents the morphological, histological and ultrastructural characteristics of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of the gill filaments in Brycon hilarii from the Brazilian Pantanal. Out of 216 B. hilariispecimens examined (126 wild and 90 cultivated), 38.1% of wild specimens (n = 48) were infected. The parasites form elongated plasmodia primarily in the tip of gill filaments, reaching about 3 mm in length. A thorough comparison with all the Myxobolus species described from South American hosts, as well as nearly all the Myxobolus species described so far is provided. Partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene revealed a total of 1,527 bp. The Myxobolus species parasite of B. hilarii did not match any of the Myxozoa available in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis, M. oliveirai sp. nov. composed a monophyletic group with eight other species: five species of Myxobolus parasites of mugilid fishes, two parasites of pangasiid and one of centrarchid. Infection prevalence values of the parasite revealed no significant differences between wet and dry seasons or between males and females. The importance of the infection to the farming of the host species is emphasized.FAPESPCEPTA - ICMBioCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES