815 research outputs found
The First VLT FORS1 spectra of Lyman-break candidates in the HDF-S and AXAF Deep Field
We report on low-resolution multi-object spectroscopy of 30 faint targets (R
\~ 24-25) in the HDF-S and AXAF deep field obtained with the VLT Focal
Reducer/low dispersion Spectrograph (FORS1). Eight high-redshift galaxies with
2.75< z < 4 have been identified. The spectroscopic redshifts are in good
agreement with the photometric ones with a dispersion at z<2
and at z>2. The inferred star formation rates of the
individual objects are moderate, ranging from a few to a few tens solar masses
per year. Five out of the eight high-z objects do not show prominent emission
lines. One object has a spectrum typical of an AGN. In the AXAF field two
relatively close pairs of galaxies have been identified, with separations of
8.7 and 3.1 proper Mpc and mean redshifts of 3.11 and 3.93, respectively.Comment: 5 pages Latex, with 2 PostScript figures. Astronomy and Astrophysics,
in pres
Filaments in observed and mock galaxy catalogues
Context. The main feature of the spatial large-scale galaxy distribution is
an intricate network of galaxy filaments. Although many attempts have been made
to quantify this network, there is no unique and satisfactory recipe for that
yet. Aims. The present paper compares the filaments in the real data and in the
numerical models, to see if our best models reproduce statistically the
filamentary network of galaxies. Methods. We apply an object point process with
interactions (the Bisous process) to trace and describe the filamentary network
both in the observed samples (the 2dFGRS catalogue) and in the numerical models
that have been prepared to mimic the data.We compare the networks. Results. We
find that the properties of filaments in numerical models (mock samples) have a
large variance. A few mock samples display filaments that resemble the observed
filaments, but usually the model filaments are much shorter and do not form an
extended network. Conclusions. We conclude that although we can build numerical
models that are similar to observations in many respects, they may fail yet to
explain the filamentary structure seen in the data. The Bisous-built filaments
are a good test for such a structure.Comment: 13 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Rotational Correlation Functions of Single Molecules
Single molecule rotational correlation functions are analyzed for several
reorientation geometries. Even for the simplest model of isotropic rotational
diffusion our findings predict non-exponential correlation functions to be
observed by polarization sensitive single molecule fluorescence microscopy.
This may have a deep impact on interpreting the results of molecular
reorientation measurements in heterogeneous environments.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
The co-evolution of strong AGN and central galaxies in different environments
We exploit a sample of 80,000 SDSS central galaxies to investigate the effect
of AGN feedback on their evolution. We trace the demographics of
optically-selected AGN (Seyferts) as a function of their internal properties
and environment. We find that the preeminence of AGN as the dominant ionising
mechanism increases with stellar mass, overtaking star-formation for galaxies
with . The AGN fraction changes
systematically with the galaxies' star-formation activity. Within the blue
cloud, this fraction increases as star-formation activity declines, reaching a
maximum near the green valley (), followed by a decrease as
the galaxies transition into the red sequence. This systematic trend provides
evidence that AGN feedback plays a key role in regulating and suppressing star
formation. In general, Seyfert central galaxies achieve an early-type
morphology while they still host residual star formation. This suggests that,
in all environments, the morphology of Seyfert galaxies evolves from late- to
early-type before their star formation is fully quenched. Stellar mass plays an
important role in this morphological transformation: while low mass systems
tend to emerge from the green valley with an elliptical morphology (T-Type
), their high-mass counterparts maintain a spiral morphology
deeper into the red sequence. In high-stellar-mass centrals, the fraction of
Seyferts increases from early- to late-type galaxies, indicating that AGN
feedback may be linked with the morphology and its transformation. Our analysis
further suggests that AGN are fuelled by their own host halo gas reservoir, but
when in group centrals can also increase their gas reservoir via interactions
with satellite galaxies.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the MNRA
Unfolding the Hierarchy of Voids
We present a framework for the hierarchical identification and
characterization of voids based on the Watershed Void Finder. The Hierarchical
Void Finder is based on a generalization of the scale space of a density field
invoked in order to trace the hierarchical nature and structure of cosmological
voids. At each level of the hierarchy, the watershed transform is used to
identify the voids at that particular scale. By identifying the overlapping
regions between watershed basins in adjacent levels, the hierarchical void tree
is constructed. Applications on a hierarchical Voronoi model and on a set of
cosmological simulations illustrate its potential.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Spectroscopy of clusters in the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS)
We present spectroscopic observations of galaxies in 4 clusters at z =
0.7-0.8 and in one cluster at z~0.5 obtained with the FORS2 spectrograph on the
VLT as part of the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS), a photometric and
spectroscopic survey of 20 intermediate to high redshift clusters. We describe
our target selection, mask design, observation and data reduction procedures,
using these first 5 clusters to demonstrate how our strategies maximise the
number of cluster members for which we obtain spectroscopy. We present
catalogues containing positions, I-band magnitudes and spectroscopic redshifts
for galaxies in the fields of our 5 clusters. These contain 236 cluster
members, with the number of members per cluster ranging from 30 to 67. Our
spectroscopic success rate, i.e. the fraction of spectroscopic targets which
are cluster members, averages 50% and ranges from 30% to 75%. We use a robust
biweight estimator to measure cluster velocity dispersions from our
spectroscopic redshift samples. We also make a first assessment of substructure
within our clusters. The velocity dispersions range from 400 to 1100 km s-1.
Some of the redshift distributions are significantly non-Gaussian and we find
evidence for significant substructure in two clusters, one at z~0.79 and the
other at z~0.54. Both have velocity dispersions exceeding 1000 km s-1 but are
clearly not fully virialised; their velocity dispersions may thus be a poor
indicator of their masses. The properties of these first 5 EDisCS clusters span
a wide range in redshift, velocity dispersion, richness and substructure, but
are representative of the sample as a whole. Spectroscopy for the full dataset
will allow a comprehensive study of galaxy evolution as a function of cluster
environment and redshift.Comment: 18 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, Table 4 is
available ahead of journal publication by downloading the source files for
this astro-ph submission or from first author on request
([email protected]
The Evolution of 3CR Radio Galaxies from z=1
We present the results of a comprehensive re-analysis of the images of a
virtually complete sample of 28 powerful 3CR radio galaxies with redshifts
0.6<z<1.8 from the HST archive. Using a two-dimensional modelling technique we
have derived scalelengths and absolute magnitudes for a total of 16 3CR
galaxies with a median redshift of z=0.8. Our results confirm the basic
conclusions of Best, Longair & R\"{o}ttgering (1997, 1998) in that we also find
z=1 3CR galaxies to be massive, well-evolved ellipticals, whose infrared
emission is dominated by starlight. However, we in fact find that the
scalelength distribution of 3CR galaxies at z \simeq 1 is completely
indistinguishable from that derived for their low-redshift counterparts from
our own recently-completed HST study of AGN hosts at z \simeq 0.2. There is
thus no evidence that 3CR radio galaxies at z \simeq 1 are dynamically
different from 3CR galaxies at low redshift. Moreover, for a 10-object
sub-sample we have determined the galaxy parameters with sufficient accuracy to
demonstrate, for the first time, that the z \simeq 1 3CR galaxies follow a
Kormendy relation which is indistinguishable from that displayed by
low-redshift ellipticals if one allows for purely passive evolution. The
implied rather modest level of passive evolution since z \simeq 1 is consistent
with that predicted from spectrophotometric models provided one assumes a high
formation redshift (z \ge 4) within a low-density Universe. We conclude that
there is no convincing evidence for significant dynamical evolution among 3CR
galaxies in the redshift interval 0<z<1, and that simple passive evolution
remains an acceptable interpretation of the K-z relation for powerful radio
galaxies.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, minor changes, accepted for publication in MNRA
The multi-stream flows and the dynamics of the cosmic web
A new numerical technique to identify the cosmic web is proposed. It is based
on locating multi-stream flows, i.e. the places where the velocity field is
multi-valued. The method is local in Eulerian space, simple and computaionally
efficient. This technique uses the velocities of particles and thus takes into
account the dynamical information. This is in contrast with the majority of
standard methods that use the coordinates of particles only. Two quantities are
computed in every mesh cell: the mean and variance of the velocity field. In
the cells where the velocity is single-valued the variance must be equal to
zero exactly, therefore the cells with non-zero variance are identified as
multi-stream flows. The technique has been tested in a N-body simulation of the
\L CDM model. The preliminary analysis has shown that numerical noise does not
pose a significant problem. The web identified by the new method has been
compared with the web identified by the standard technique using only the
particle coordinates. The comparison has shown overall similarity of two webs
as expected, however they by no means are identical. For example, the
isocontours of the corresponding fields have significantly different shapes and
some density peaks of similar heights exhibit significant differences in the
velocity variance and vice versa. This suggest that the density and velocity
variance have a significant degree of independence. The shape of the
two-dimensional pdf of density and velocity variance confirms this proposition.
Thus, we conclude that the dynamical information probed by this technique
introduces an additional dimension into analysis of the web.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
Clinical management of cutaneous adverse events in patients on targeted anticancer therapies and immunotherapies: a national consensus statement by the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology
Progress in the understanding of many tumors has enabled the development of new therapies, such as those targeted at specific molecules involved in cell growth (targeted therapies) or intended to modulate the immune system (immunotherapy). However, along with the clinical benefit provided by these new treatments, new adverse effects have also appeared. Dermatological toxicities such as papulopustular eruptions, xerosis, and pruritus are common with EGFR inhibitors. Other adverse effects have also been described with PDGFR, BCR-ABL, and MAPK tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiangiogenic drugs, and inhibitors at immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1. Onset of these adverse effects often causes dose reductions and/or delays in administering the prescribed therapy, which can affect patient survival and quality of life. It is, therefore, important to prevent the occurrence of these adverse effects, or to treat unavoidable ones as soon as possible. This requires cooperation between medical oncologists and dermatologists. This article reviews the various dermatological toxicities associated with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, along with their diagnosis and therapeutic management
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