Solution thermodynamics of Ibuprofen in aqueous media at pH 1.2 and 6.8

Based on van't Hoff and Gibbs equations, thermodynamic functions Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution, mixing and solvation of ibuprofen in water at pH 1.2 and 6.8, were evaluated from solubility values determined at several temperatures. The solubility at pH 6.8 and 298.15 K was almost thirty six fold higher with respect to pH 1.2. The enthalpies of solution were positive and greater for pH 6.8 whereas the entropy of solution was negative for pH 1.2 and positive for pH 6.8 finding a greater molecular organization at pH 1.2 after solution process. The results were discussed in terms of solute-solvent interactionsColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Effects of Physalis peruviana fruit extract on stress oxidative parameters in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated to oxidative stress. In this work, the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effect of an extract of Physalis peruviana fruits in an experimental diabetes model was evaluated. The diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by a single administration of streptozotocin. The oxidative stress markers evaluated were lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in pancreas, liver and kidney. The oral administration of Physalis peruviana extract during 15 days reduced the blood glucose levels further than 30 %. The same way, the extract administration increased the FRAP levels and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels were reduced. The results suggest that the Physalis peruviana extract exhibit hypoglycaemic activity and improve the antioxidant status of the streptozotocin diabetic animals.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO EN RATAS WISTAR DIABÉTICAS POR ESTREPTOZOTOCINA OXIDATIVE STRESS CARACTERIZATION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-DIABETIC WISTAR RATS

La diabetes es un trastorno metabólico crónico de gran alcance epidemiológico. Numerosos estudios han demostrado que la diabetes mellitus se encuentra asociada al incremento de la formación de radicales libres derivados del oxígeno y a la disminución del potencial antioxidante del organismo, generando el daño oxidativo de algunos componentes de la célula tales como las proteínas, carbohidratos, lípidos y ácidos nucleicos. Este trabajo pretende establecer, en ratas Wistar, la relación dosis-respuesta de estreptozotocina frente a los niveles de glucosa y a diferentes parámetros del estatus antioxidante. Como marcadores del daño asociado a las especies de oxígeno reactivas se evaluó la actividad enzimática de catalasa y de superóxido dismutasa, la capacidad antioxidante total del plasma y la peroxidación lipídica. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian una clara relación de la dosis de estreptozotocina con los niveles de glucosa y los parámetros de estrés oxidativo evaluados luego de 20 días de la inducción de la diabetes experimental.Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated that diabetes mellitus is associated to free radicals increase derived from oxygen and to the organism potential antioxidant decrease generating oxidative damage of some cell components like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids. After 20 days of administration of streptozotocin in Wistar rats, we have found a relationship between levels of blood glucose and some markers from antioxidant status. We evaluate oxidative stress markers like catalasa and superoxide dismutase acivities, ferric reducing ability of plasma and thiobarbituric acid reactive species

Solution Thermodynamics of 6-Methylcoumarin in Aqueous Media at Several pH Values

Based on van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations, thermodynamic functions Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution and mixing of 6-methylcoumarin in water at pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4, were evaluated from solubility values determined at five temperatures from 293.15 to 313.15 K. The solubility at all pH values was almost the same demonstrating a slight effect of pH on this physicochemical property. All the thermodynamic quantities of solution were positive indicating endothermic and entropy-driving dissolution processes at all pH values studied. The results were discussed in terms of solvent-solute and solventsolvent interactions, mainly hydrophobic hydration around non-polar groups of this drug.Fil: Cárdenas, Paola A.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Baena, Yolima. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Aragón, Diana M.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Jimenez Kairuz, Alvaro Federico. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Fleming. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Colombi

Análise do estado do comércio electrónico na perspectiva dos consumidores e das pequenas e médias empresas de um sector de serviços e comércio na cidade de Villavicencio (Colombia) para determinar a sua importância no contexto actual da pandemia

The research aims to determine the importance of Electronic Commerce in the city of Villavicencio, Colombia, considering the current situation due to the Covid-19 pandemic, from the perspective of consumers and microentrepreneurs of a service and commerce sector (restaurants and warehouses of clothes). A methodology with a quantitative approach was implemented, applying statistical instruments to identify changes in consumer purchasing habits, emphasizing the value chain, and to determine the impact in the SMEs in the investigated sectors and their accelerated digital transformation due to the pandemic in seeking to stay competitive through electronic commerce.La investigación tiene como fin determinar la importancia del comercio electrónico en la ciudad de Villavicencio, teniendo en cuenta la coyuntura actual debido a la pandemia por Covid-19, desde la perspectiva de consumidores y microempresarios de un sector de servicios y comercio (restaurantes y almacenes de ropa). Se implementó una metodología con enfoque cuantitativo, aplicando instrumentos estadísticos para identificar los cambios en los hábitos de compra de los consumidores, enfatizando en la cadena de valor, además de determinar la afectación en las pymes de los sectores investigados y su acelerada transformación digital a causa de la pandemia en la búsqueda de mantener su competitividad mediante el comercio electrónicoL'objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer l'importance du commerce électronique dans la ville de Villavicencio (Colombie), en tenant compte de la situation actuelle de la pandémie de Covid-19, du point de vue des consommateurs et des micro-entrepreneurs dans un secteur de services et de commerce (restaurants et magasins de vêtements). À cette fin, une méthodologie avec une approche quantitative a été mise en œuvre, en appliquant des instruments statistiques pour identifier les changements dans les habitudes d'achat des consommateurs, en mettant l'accent sur la chaîne de valeur, en plus de déterminer l'impact sur les PME dans les secteurs étudiés et leur transformation numérique accélérée en raison de la pandémie dans le but de maintenir leur compétitivité grâce au commerce électronique.O objectivo desta investigação é determinar a importância do comércio electrónico na cidade de Villavicencio (Colômbia), tendo em conta a situação actual da pandemia de Covid-19, da perspectiva dos consumidores e microempresários num sector de serviços e comércio (restaurantes e lojas de vestuário). Para este efeito, foi implementada uma metodologia com uma abordagem quantitativa, aplicando instrumentos estatísticos para identificar mudanças nos hábitos de compra dos consumidores, enfatizando a cadeia de valor, além de determinar o impacto nas PMEs dos sectores investigados e a sua transformação digital acelerada devido à pandemia na procura de manter a sua competitividade através do comércio electrónico

EFECTO DE NAPROXENO MICROENCAPSULADO EN MICROESFERAS DE ÁCIDO POLI (LÁCTICO-CO-GLICÓLICO) SOBRE EDEMA PLANTAR INDUCIDO POR CARRAGENINA EN RATAS EFFECT OF MICROENCAPSULATED NAPROXEN INTO POLY(LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) MICROSPHERES ON CARRAGEENIN PAW EDEMA IN RATS

Las micropartículas son sistemas de entrega de fármacos ampliamente utilizados, que permiten mejorar la aplicabilidad terapéutica de fármacos tanto nuevos como convencionales. En el presente trabajo se elaboran micropartículas de un polímero biodegradable, ácido poli (láctico-co-glicólico), cargadas con naproxeno. Las mejores condiciones para la elaboración de las micropartículas son determinadas experimentalmente, encontrando que la relación fármaco: polímero, la cantidad de isopropanol, el volumen de fase acuosa, la velocidad de agitación y el tiempo de agitación influyen significativamente en las características de las micropartículas obtenidas. En el modelo de edema plantar inducido por carragenina en ratas Wistar, se encuentra que el naproxeno microencapsulado en dosis de 5 mg/Kg y 10 mg/Kg presenta mayor efecto antiinflamatorio que el naproxeno libre en dosis de 10 mg/Kg.ABSTRACT Microparticles are pharmaceutical dosage forms widely used because they may improve the therapeutic application of new and conventional drugs. In this work we make biodegradable microparticles with poly (lactic-co-glicolic) acid as polymer loaded with naproxen. The best microencapsulation conditions are experimentally determinate. We have found that the drug:polymer ratio, the isopropanol amount, the aqueous phase volume, the stir speed and the time of stir affect the microparticles characteristics. In the carragenin paw edema model, we have found that the microencapsulated naproxen at 5 mg/Kg and 10 mg/Kg showed greater effect than free naproxen at 10 mg/Kg